Influence of Anisotropic Permeability and Soret Effect on the Convective Heat and Mass Transfer through a Porous Cavity Saturated by a Non-Newtonian Fluid

In this work, an analytical study is carried out on double-diffusive natural convection through a horizontal anisotropic porous layer saturated with a non-Newtonian fluid by using the Darcy model with the Boussinesq approximations. The horizontal walls of the system are subject to vertical uniform fluxes of heat and mass, whereas the vertical walls are assumed to be adiabatic and impermeable. The Soret effect is taken into consideration. Based on parallel flow approximation theory, the problem is solved in the limit of a thin layer and documented the effects of the physical parameters describing this investigation.

Effects of thermophoresis particle deposition and of the thermal conductivity in a porous plate with dissipative heat and mass transfer

Network simulation method（NSM） is used to solve the laminar heat and mass transfer of an electricallyconducting,heat generating/absorbing fluid past a perforated horizontal surface in the presence of viscous and Joule heating problem. The governing partial differential equations are non-dimensionalized and transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential similarity equations,in a single independent variable,畏. The resulting coupled,nonlinear equations are solved under appropriate transformed boundary conditions. Computations are performed for a wide range of the governing flow parameters,viz Prandtl number,thermophoretic coeffcient（a function of Knudsen number）,thermal conductivity parameter,wall transpiration parameter and Schmidt number. The numerical details are discussed with relevant applications. The present problem finds applications in optical fiber fabrication,aerosol filter precipitators,particle deposition on hydronautical blades,semiconductor wafer design,thermo-electronics and problems including nuclear reactor safety.

Experimental mass transfer coefficients in a pilot plant multistage column extractor

The volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients in a multistage column have been measured using axial dispersion model for toluene–acetone–water system. The effect of operating parameters on the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients has been investigated for both mass transfer directions. The results show that the mass transfer performance is strongly dependent on rotor speed and mass transfer direction, although only slightly dependent on phase flow rates. In addition, empirical correlations to predict the overall mass transfer coefficients have been developed. The proposed correlations based on dimensionless numbers can be considered as a useful tool for the possible scale up of the multistage column extractor.

Determination of Mass Transfer Parameters During Deep Fat Frying of Rice Crackers

The accuracy of the knowledge of mass transfer parameters （effective moisture diffusivity, mass transfer Biot number and mass transfer coefficient） in the case of frying food, is essential and important for designing, modeling and process optimization. This study is undertaken to develop an approach for determining mass transfer parameters during frying of spherical rice cracker in sunflower oil at 150, 170 and 190 ℃. These parameters were evaluated from the plots of dimensionless concentration ratios against time of frying. Effective moisture diffusivity, mass transfer Biot number and mass transfer coefficient ranged between 1.24×10^-8 to 2.36×10^-8 m^2/s, 1.96 to 2.34 and 5.51×10^-6 to 9.70×10^-6 m/s, respectively. Effective moisture diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient were found to increase with an increasing frying temperature, whereas mass transfer Biot number decreased. An Arrhenius-type relationship was found between effective diffusivity coefficient and frying temperature.

新型管式搅拌反应器的气液传质特性

多相体系的混合与传质性能直接影响多相反应过程,团队开发了从搅拌桨叶端出气的新型管式搅拌反应器。采用稳态亚硫酸盐法(FSM)研究反应器的气液传质性能,考察了通气流量Q、搅拌弗劳德数Fr和液含量ε对体积传质系数k_(L)a的影响。结果表明:增大Q和Fr可以有效提高k_(L)a;新型搅拌桨从桨叶端进气方式可以增强k_(L)a,相较传统反应器最大增强约2倍。反应器的气液传质性能在ε=0.5、Fr=0.054、Q=1.6 m^(3)·h^(-1)时最高,此时k_(L)a=0.032 4 s^(-1)。依据试验数据建立了关于k_(L)a的无量纲关联式,误差基本在25%以内,对后续反应器的改进和应用具有参考意义。

Soret and Dufour effects on unsteady MHD flow past an infinite vertical porous plate with thermal radiation

The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of flow parameters on the free convection and mass transfer of an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of an electrically conducting, viscous, and incompressible fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate under oscillatory suction velocity and thermal radiation. The Dufour （diffusion thermo） and Soret （thermal diffusion） effects are taken into account. The problem is solved numerically using the finite element method for the velocity, the temperature, and the concentration field. The expression for the skin friction, the rate of heat and mass transfer is obtained. The results are presented numerically through graphs and tables for the externally cooled plate （Gr 〉 0） and the externally heated plate （Gr 〈 0） to observe the effects of various parameters encountered in the equations.

Numerical Study of Mixed Convection in an Isosceles Trapezoidal Cavity with Several Outlets: Application for Primary Air Draft in ASUTO Charcoal Stove

Mixed convection of heat and mass transfer in an isosceles trapezoidal cavity has been studied numerically. Constant heat flux is imposed through four outlets and the grid is insulated. The inclined walls are maintained in natural convection while the lower horizontal wall is adiabatic. These conditions reflect the air draft zone of the ASUTO charcoal stove. The governing two-di- mensional flow equations have been solved by using the finite difference method and Thomas’s algorithm. The investigations are conducted for different values of Richardson (Ri), Reynolds number (Re) and inclination angles of sidewalls. The results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, moisture contours. It was found that for Reynolds number (Re) equal to 100, the flow pattern is strongly dependent on the inclination angle and Richardson number. Thus, for high Richardson number (Ri) values (10, 100), the dominance of natural convection over the flow structure decreases with the decreasing of the inclination angle of sidewalls of the cavity. For Ri = 1, an optimum air draft corresponds to an inclination angle in the vicinity of 22° while for Ri = 10 or 100 (in dominance of natural convection), the optimum inclination angle for air draft is in the vicinity of 15°.

高湿排风热质传递模型及不可逆换热过程分析

如何高效提取矿井排风中蕴含的大量低品位能量,是工程领域内关键问题。针对喷淋式扩散塔热回收装置内,高湿排风与低温喷淋水的热质传递问题,构建并求解了基于传质单元数(NTU_(m))与刘易斯数(Le)的热质传递理论模型,开展了高湿排风与低温喷淋水直接接触式热质传递试验。运用火积耗散理论,明确了热质传递的实际不可逆换热过程,并揭示了Le与火积耗散热阻之间的相互关系。研究结果表明:高湿排风与低温喷淋水的热质传递过程具体表现为减湿冷却过程和类等湿冷却过程。NTU_(m)>0.1,高湿排风进行减湿冷却,经低温喷淋水换热后,最大温差可达到6.3℃,含湿量差为3.12 g/kg,该过程中Le偏离于1,Le与火积耗散热阻呈正比关系,当Le逼近于1,火积耗散热阻逼近于0,可达到最优换热效果;NTU_(m)<0.1,高湿排风进行类等湿冷却,主要表现为高湿排风经过减焓冷却达到饱和状态后,空气状态沿饱和线变化直至换热完成,且排风出口温度接近于排风进口露点温度。值得注意的是,类等湿冷却过程中热质传递火积耗散热阻远大于减湿冷却过程,高湿排风进行减湿冷却更有利于热质传递。在设计喷淋式扩散塔热回收装置时,为使换热单元内高湿空气进行减湿冷却,实现热湿能量的高效提取,风流速度应不大于4 m/s,水气比不低于0.2。

Investigation of the Conjugate Heat Transfer and Flow Field for a Flat Plate with Combined Film and Impingement Cooling

Film cooling combined with internal impingement cooling is one of the most effective technologies to protect the gas turbine vanes and blades from the hot gas. In this study, conjugate heat transfer CFD study was undertaken for a flat plate with combined film cooling and impingement cooling. An experiment on conjugate heat transfer of a flat plate with combined film and impingement cooling was performed to validate the code. Then the effects of several parameters including Biot number, blowing ratio, film hole shape and impingement hole diameter on the overall cooling effectiveness were numerically studied. The results show that for a specific combined cooling scheme and a given blowing ratio, the coolant potential can be reasonably allocated to the internal and the external cooling to achieve the overall cooling effectiveness. As the blowing ratio increases, the overall cooling effectiveness trends to reach a maximum value. For different film hole geometrical, the maximum values of the overall cooling effectiveness at high blowing ratio approximate to the same value. At a given mass flow rate of coolant, the increase of the impingement hole diameter leads to the reduction of the overall cooling effectiveness.

建材挥发性有机化合物散发模型及应用

本文建立了建材有机挥发性化合物(VOCs)通用散发模型,并给出了其分析解。通过此分析解可以计算出VOCs扩散传质速率和扩散量,以及建筑材料内VOCs瞬时浓度分布。通过分析发现:(1)无量纲扩散量只是Bi_m(传质毕渥数)、Fo_m(传质付立叶数)、和 K(分离常数)的函数;(2) Bi_m/K存在临界值;当Bi_m/K大于此临界值时,与内部扩散传质质阻相比外部对流传质质阻可以忽略。文章对该简化进行了误差分析,给出了保证相对误差为5％的FO_m与Bi_m/K临界值的拟合关系式,并通过实例进行了验证。

煤粒瓦斯扩散的数学物理模型

分析了煤粒瓦斯解吸扩散的过程，建立了第三类边界条件下的煤拉瓦斯扩散的教学物理模型并给出了模型的解析解．结论表明，第三类边界条件下的瓦斯扩散模型包含以往研究的第一类边界条件下的扩散模型，传质毕欧准数能表征煤粒瓦斯扩散场的特点；介绍了测试煤粒瓦斯扩散系数和表面传质系数的方法，给出了测试实例．

微加热器热传导试验与计算

为了研究微加热膜下方的结构与微加热器性能的关系,利用数值计算与有限元仿真,研究了微加热膜下方空气隙厚度的变化对加热器性能的影响。首先,通过微加热器试验确定了对流换热系数等关键热学计算参数,建立了一维Fourier导热微分方程组,计算了Biot数并以此为依据对模型进行了薄壁简化,使用有限差分法对微分方程进行了数值计算。然后,使用ANSYS有限元分析软件对模型进行了电热耦合仿真,并对在对流换热边界下硅衬底(无空气隙),100,200,300,400μm气隙以及加热膜(完全贯通)6种模型的瞬态温度响应及稳态热分布的结果进行了对比。计算结果表明,相比硅衬底,目前的微加热膜结构在同样边界条件下可以将最高温度提高约17%。空气隙为200μm时,在+5 V驱动电压和空气对流边界条件下,微加热器可以达到390 K,稳态功耗为134 mW,起到了改善最高温度性能,降低功耗的作用。

纤维液膜萃取分离器的流动、传质规律研究

在一直径为70mm，高为2630mm的有机玻璃纤维液膜萃取分离器冷态实验装置上考察了操作参数及结构参数对其传质性能和流动特征的影响。通过考察体积传质系数，确定了纤维液膜萃取分离器的最佳填充密度和最佳流量比。建立了流动模型，提出了以无量纲准则数雷诺数为设计纤维液膜萃取分离器的准则。实验结果表明，其最佳填充密度为2．8％～3％，最佳操作流量比为5。

填充密度对中空纤维膜接触器精馏过程壳程传质的影响

探讨了填充密度对新型聚丙烯中空纤维膜接触器精馏过程中壳程传质的影响。中空纤维膜接触器在填充密度为4.7%、9.5%、19%时均可在远离常规填料液泛线以上的气速范围操作。低填充密度下,壳程的Sher-wood数理论值大于实验值,但填充密度较高时,实验值大于理论值。高Reynolds数有利于壳程传质,低填充密度时的Sherwood数高于高填充密度时。随着F因子逐步增大,壳程气相传质阻力随之变小,且膜接触器的填充密度越高,气相传质阻力越大。3种不同填充密度膜接触器的气相总传质系数随着接触器填充密度的增大而迅速减小,由391.84×10-5m·s-1降低为83.28×10-5m·s-1。

随机粗糙微通道内部流动与传质特性

为了研究微通道壁面随机粗糙度对流体流动和传质特性的影响,采用随机排布准则构建具有典型粗糙元类型的随机粗糙微通道壁面,利用有限元方法分析壁面随机粗糙度对流速、压降、流动阻力和传质性能的影响,并给出粗糙微通道内部Poiseuille数和分子传质扩散的近似变化规律。结果表明,流体在粗糙微通道近壁面区域和主流区的流速差异较大,近壁面区域流动分离现象明显;与光滑微通道相比,粗糙微通道内部各位置的压降和Poiseuille数沿着流动方向呈近似线性增大趋势;微通道壁面粗糙度的存在可以强化流体分子的传质扩散速率,但受粗糙度类型和相对粗糙度的影响较大。

仿生性杀虫剂杀虫单与溴的氧化-还原反应研究

用X射线单晶结构分析、质谱、库仑滴定和重量分析法研究了仿生性杀虫剂与澳的反应。研究表明该反应为均相反应,反应中有6个电子转移。

反应条件对MEA溶液提纯沼气传质性能的影响

对吸收剂浓度、进气流量及CO2体积分数、进液温度等反应条件对MEA溶液吸收沼气中CO2过程的八田数Ha、增强因子E及总体积传质系数KGae的影响进行了实验研究,并对吸收过程中反应对传质性能的影响及拟一级反应的条件进行了分析。结果表明:吸收过程中的八田数Ha、增强因子E及总体积传质系数KGae随吸收剂浓度增加而增大;随进气中CO2体积分数增加而减小;当进气流量增加时,Ha、E减小,KGae先增大后减小;Ha、E及KGae随吸收温度增加而增大,当吸收温度高于57.4℃时,KGae逐渐减小。在此条件下,仅当吸收剂浓度高于2.5 mol/L或者进气流量低于5.73 kmol/(m2·h)时,MEA与CO2的反应可用拟一级反应描述。研究结果可为沼气提纯工艺的优化及技术开发提供参考。

组合桨的气液搅拌特性实验研究

对 6种三层组合搅拌桨的功率准数及传质特性进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,1层径流型桨叶和2层混流型桨叶的组合 ,综合性能优于其他形式搅拌桨的组合 ,其功率准数比六直叶圆盘涡轮式桨叶减少 4 0 % ,且在通气下其功率下降最小 。

侧伸式气液搅拌槽内的搅拌功率与传质性能

采用φ2000mm×4200mm侧伸式搅拌槽,研究了搅拌器的功率曲线、搅拌器数量及通气对搅拌功率的影响,结果表明,侧伸式搅拌槽内雷诺数Re在3×105时功率准数才能稳定,比立式搅拌槽内Re(104左右)高;侧伸式搅拌槽通气使搅拌器功率减小的幅度只相当于立式搅拌槽减小幅度的28%.对侧伸式搅拌槽内喷枪式和管网式两种气体分布器的容积传质系数KLa研究结果显示,在相同搅拌功率下喷枪式分布器的传质效果是管网式分布器的近3倍;回归出了侧伸式搅拌槽内喷枪式分布器的容积传质系数KLa的关系式KLa∝(P/VL)0.161VG1.125和管网式分布器传质系数KLa的关系式KLa∝VG1.778,可供工业设计参考.

基于MATLAB的化工计算

用MATLAB计算化工过程中的汽-液平衡组成及温度、气体吸收的传质单元数和烟道气组成,研究基于MATLAB的非线性方程、线性方程组和定积分的计算功能。结果表明:在MATLAB的环境下,编程容易、计算方便、效率高。