Practice of Infection Prevention and Control Strategies in Risk Departments during the COVID-19 Epidemic

Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to provide advice and guidance in risk departments. Methods: According to the latest plan of diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission, expert advice and consensus, combined with the actual situation in our hospital, a series of infection prevention and control measures of COVID-19 in risk department was formulated. Results: During the epidemic period, the prevention and control measures of nine risk departments including emergency operation, anesthesiology, endoscopy center, blood purification center, otolaryngology, stomatology, medical imaging department, medical cosmetology department and pulmonary function room were established from six aspects, including pre-examination and screening, medical technology control, personnel management, personal protection, environmental disinfection, medical waste disposal, etc. Conclusion: During the epidemic period, the infection prevention and control strategy of risk departments is one of the key links to control the spread of the epidemic, and risk departments must pay attention to and strictly implement various infection prevention and control measures.

The Application of the “3 + 1” Mode in the COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control at the Infection Ward of a Designated Comprehensive Hospital for COVID-19 Treatment

Objective: We assess the application effect of the “3 + 1” mode in the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control at the infection ward of a designated comprehensive hospital for COVID-19 treatment. Method: Based on the features of the inpatients of the infection ward and their relatives, a “3 + 1” mode for the COVID-19 prevention and control is developed to conform to the demands for epidemic prevention and control and the overall prevention and control scheme of the whole hospital. Here, “3” stands for the epidemic prevention and control system, personnel management, and prevention and control measures;“1” stands for COVID-19 testing. Result: From March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021, a total of 3056 patients were hospitalized in the three infection wards. Among them, 265 patients had a fever, and 113 patients had respiratory symptoms. None of them were infected with COVID-19. The participation rate of the test about the knowledge related to COVID-19 and the knowledge mastery rate were both 100% among the medical staff. None of the inpatients and their companions or the medical staff was diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusion: Thus the “3 + 1” mode proves successful for avoiding nosocomial infection and the spread of the epidemic.

Exploration of Infection Prevention and Control Practice of Designated Hospitals in During Corona Virus Disease 2019 Epidemic Period

Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)is a new infectious disease that appeared in whan in December 2019 Since January23,the national health and fitmess commission has required hospitals to be designated in accordance with the principle of"concentrating patients,experts,resources and treatment".Designated hospitals are often the strength of the general hospital and general hospital complex layers of various kinds of personnel,campus area is large,multi-channel,ordinary outpatient accepts people more,for emergency and severe cases treatment in patients with normal difficulty pressuure big,suspected/confirmed cases,combined with the COVID-19 occurred when the traditional holiday,the country launched the emergency response since,process reform faces a difficult labor,shortage of mampower,protective shortages,short time limit,and many other difficulties,hospital infection prevention and control is facing unprecedented pressure.In this paper,the West China-Guang'an Hospital,Sichuan University(Guang'an people's hospital)as a designated hospital,on the basis of the relevant scheme of the national health committee,epidemic prevention and control of the actual,combined with comprehensive hospital leadership,mampower allocation,protection,security,patient management,disinfection isolation,preview triage,preventive measures,training,monitoring,etc.,with practical experience summary for the COVID-19 diring the hospital infection prevention and control to improve the practice exploration.

Management strategy of prevention and control of nosocomial infection of COVID-19 in blood purification center

There are many patients in the blood purification center who need maintenance hemodialysis to maintain life. Those patients generally havelow resistance and are easily exposed to coronavirus because they go back and forth the hospital and residence three times a week andclosely contact with family, caregivers, community personnel, people in various means of transportation, medical staff, and other patientsvisiting hospital. Therefore, the blood purification center has become a high‑risk environment for the spread of COVID-19 infection. In viewof this, our center quickly responded to the formulation and implementation of infection prevention and control measures suitable for thecharacteristics of the blood purification center and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) emergency plan for fever and suspectedpatients. According to these measures, we have a positive effect on preventing and controlling nosocomial infection in the blood purificationcenter.

Effects of policies and containment measures on control of COVID- 19 epidemic in Chongqing

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging,rapidly evolving disease that spreads through the respiratory system and is highly contagious.In March 2020,the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.In China,the pandemic was controlled after 2 mo through effective policies and containment measures.Describing the detailed policies and containment measures used to control the epidemic in Chongqing will provide a reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in other areas of the world.AIM To explore the effects of different policies and containment measures on the control of the COVID-19 epidemic in Chongqing.METHODS Epidemiological data on COVID-19 in Chongqing were prospectively collected from January 21 to March 15,2020.The policies and prevention measures implemented by the government during the epidemic period were also collected.Trend analysis was performed to explore the impact of the main policy measures on the effectiveness of the control of COVID-19 in Chongqing.As of March 15,the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in Chongqing was 1.84/100000(576 cases)and the infection fatality rate was 1.04%(6/576).The spread of COVID-19 was controlled by effective policies that involved establishing a group for directing the COVID-19 epidemic control effort;strengthening guidance and supervision;ensuring the supply of daily necessities and medical supplies and equipment to residents;setting up designated hospitals;implementing legal measures;and enhancing health education.Medical techniques were implemented to improve the recovery rate and control the epidemic.Policies such as“the lockdown of Wuhan”,“initiating a first-level response to major public health emergencies”,and“implementing the closed management of residential communities”significantly curbed the spread of COVID-19.Optimizing the diagnosis process,shortening the diagnosis time,and constructing teams of clinical experts facilitated the provision of“one team of medical experts for each patient”treatment for severe patients,which significantly improved the recovery rate and reduced the infection fatality rate.CONCLUSION The prevention policies and containment measures implemented by the government and medical institutions are highly effective in controlling the spread of the epidemic and increasing the recovery rate of COVID-19 patients.

Prevention and control strategy of COVID-19 in the "Internet +" era

Since December 2019, several cases of coronavirus infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. COVID-19 has been rapid spread in other provinces of China and abroad. The prevention and control of outbreak is particularly important. Based on the development of network and medical and health resources in the context of the "Internet +" era, this article discusses strategies for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the "Internet +" era, and provides a reference for the implementation of COVID-19 prevention and control.

Haddon模型视角下大数据和人工智能在COVID-19疫情防控中的应用分析

大数据和人工智能技术在新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)疫情防控中发挥了积极作用,但是目前鲜有研究对其应用情况和未来趋势进行综合探讨。本研究从COVID-19疫情防控面临的问题出发,在介绍大数据和人工智能技术优势的基础上,对疫情防控过程中常用的大数据和人工智能技术及其实际应用案例进行概述;并基于Haddon模型视角,从疫情发生前、发生中和发生后3个阶段,针对传染病的传染源、传播途径和易感人群三要素,对大数据和人工智能技术在其中的应用进行了深入探讨。研究结果对明确大数据和人工智能技术在COVID-19疫情各流行阶段的积极作用及发展应用方向,提升疫情的防控效率和质量,有效应对未来新发传染病等具有重要意义。

Analysis of the Role of General Practitioners Services in Rural Areas during the COVID-19 Epidemic

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19,various regions of China have been rapidly deployed under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Party to actively prevent and control the COVID-19.The rural areas of my country have weak links to the prevention and management of public health emergencies.Problems include lack of medical and health resources and farmers’low awareness of epidemic prevention.Situations that correspond to the prevention and management of the COVID-19 are more serious.As the patient’s first contact and“gatekeeper”in the fight against the epidemic,the general practitioner is responsible for the“first visit-subsequent ongoing intervention”.This article is about the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemics and epidemic prevention in terms of dissemination of knowledge,informed crowd control,joint prevention and control,and standardized management of people.This is a summary of the efforts of general practitioners.Quarantine at home,interactive referrals to medical consortiums,special care for contracted families.The function during the management period aims to analyze the role played by general practitioners during the epidemic and to provide new ideas for the prevention and management of the epidemic.Provide more targeted general practitioner-style services in rural areas to promote the implementation and improvement of health and poverty alleviation.The health level of the rural population provides a theoretical standard.

Resilience Evaluation of Housing Estates from the Perspective of Epidemic Prevention:A Case Study of A District in Handan City

The outbreak of COVID-19 at the beginning of 2020 has a great impact on public health security at home and abroad.Community is the basic unit of urban epidemic prevention,and improving community resilience is of great significance for reducing the spread of the epidemic and maintaining the normal life of residents during the epidemic.Based on the concept of resilience,10 indicators were selected from four dimensions of urban space,including facilities,space,nature and society,to construct a community resilience evaluation indicator system for epidemic prevention,and 56 housing estates in Congtai District,Handan City,were selected for scientific evaluation.The results showed that the overall resilience of this region was relatively low and the resilience index decreased from southwest to northeast with the degree of urban development.The accessibility of urban open space,the proportion of redundant space area and the area of public space per capita had the lowest resilience index.Finally,policy suggestions were put forward to improve the resilience of housing estates in the region,so as to promote the steady progress of the city towards the agenda for sustainable development.

Mechanism prediction analysis of an epidemic prevention sachet in preventing new coronavirus pneumonia

Objective:To explore the prevention mechanism of an anti-epidemic sachet on the new coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking method.Methods:The chemical constituents and action targets of wormwood leaves,white peony,borneol,Rhizoma atracylodis,and Herba pogostemonis in the epidemic-preventive sachet were retrieved in TCMSP database.Query the genes of targets through the Uniprot database,and then use Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to build a medicinal drugs-active ingredients-targets(genes)network for visualization.Then we used DAVID to perform gene ontology(GO)function enrichment analysis and genome encyclopedia(KEGG)pathway analysis to predict the mechanisms of action.Draw histograms and bubble charts for visualization with Excel software and Omicshare database.The crystal structure of ACE2 was searched in the RCSB PDB database,and the compounds and proteins were molecularly docked with the help of PyMOL,AutoDockTool,and Vina software.Results:Sixty-seven effective chemical components in the anti-epidemic sachet were screened and a drugs-chemical components-targets network was constructed to obtain 948 targets,and 18 core targets and 28 core target pathways were predicted.6 compounds in Folium artemisiae argyi,13 compounds in Radix angelicae dahuricae,3 compounds in Rhizoma atracylodis,4 compounds in Fructus tsaoko,8 compounds in Herba pogostemonis,and 3 compounds in Rhizoma acori talarinowii have less binding energy with 1R42 than the ligand.Conclusion:It is predicted that the anti-epidemic sachet has prevention effects on new coronavirus pneumonia.

Evaluation of COVID-19 outbreak prevention and control in Beijing using the emergency management theory

On April 29,2020,China entered a normalization stage of prevention and control.By December 2021,more than 40 outbreaks had occurred in China,which reflected the shortcomings of the pandemic prevention and control measures in China at that time.As the capital city of China,Beijing faces more pressure in epidemic prevention and control.We used the COVID-19 cluster containment evaluation indicators to determine the effects of prevention and control measures on four COVID-19 outbreaks in Beijing.After considering the specificity and operability of evaluation indicators and the availability of evaluation data,the evaluation system in our study consisted of six dimensions:epidemic prevention and control effect,discovery and detection ability,precision prevention and control capability,public protection effect,medical treatment and nosocomial infection prevention and control ability,and information release and public opinion response ability.The composite scores of the prevention and control effects of the Xinfadi,Shunyi,Daxing,and Ejina Banner–associated COVID-19 outbreaks in Beijing were 62,82,87,and 76,respectively.In the six dimensions,the epidemic prevention and control effect,discovery and detection ability,precision prevention and control capability,and public protection effect scores for the Xinfadi outbreak were lower than those for the Shunyi,Daxing and Ejina Banner–associated outbreaks.The medical treatment and nosocomial infection prevention and control ability scores for the outbreak associated with Ejina Banner were lower than those for the Xinfadi,Shunyi,and Daxing outbreaks.In managing cluster outbreaks,Beijing was able to detect index cases early enough to reduce the scale and duration of the outbreak and consistently release official information to reduce public panic,standardize the management of centralized quarantine sites to prevent cross-infection,adhere to the“dynamic COVID‐zero”strategy to accurately prevent and control outbreaks,reduce the societal influence of the pandemic,and coordinate the epidemic prevention and control and socio-economic development.

COVID-19疫情常态化防控下门诊患者防护依从性及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情常态化防控时期普通门诊患者的防护行为及其影响因素,为做好应对突发公共卫生事件及患者行为依从性管理提供参考。方法 对2022年9月1日~2022年10月1日在焦作市第二人民医院普通门诊就诊的患者采用自制调查问卷进行调查,共发放1 800份,收回有效问卷1 632份(90.66%);内容包括社会人口学特征、防护行为信息、防护依从性等,对防护依从性的相关因素进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 本组90.8%的患者愿意实施规范防护,其中防护依从率占90.81%。单因素分析显示,不同文化程度、医保类别、月收入、职业、居住地的患者防护行为依从性比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高学历、有城镇职工保险、高收入、接种过新冠疫苗的患者防护行为依从性较高;疫情的严重性认知、规范防护的益处认知、自我效能、防护共识对防护依从性有着显著影响,其得分越高,规范防护依从性越好。结论 疫情常态化防控时期,普通门诊患者整体防护依从性较高。文化程度、医保类别、收入、是否接种过新冠疫苗、疫情严重性认知、规范防护的益处认知、自我效能、防护共识是规范防护依从性的影响因素。

Behavior analysis and formative assessments in online oral medicine education during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,traditional teaching methods were disrupted and online teaching became a new topic in education reform and informatization.In this context,it is important to investigate the necessity and effectiveness of online teaching methods for medical students.This study explored stomatology education in China to evaluate the development and challenges facing the field using massive open online courses(MOOCs)for oral medicine education during the pandemic.AIM To investigate the current situation and challenges facing stomatology education in China,and to assess the necessity and effectiveness of online teaching methods among medical students.METHODS Online courses were developed and offered on personal computers and mobile terminals.Behavioral analysis and formative assessments were conducted to evaluate the learning status of students.RESULTS The results showed that most learners had already completed MOOCs and achieved better results.Course behavior analysis and student surveys indicated that students enjoyed the learning experience.However,the development of oral MOOCs during the COVID-19 pandemic faced significant challenges.CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the potential of using MOOCs to support online professional learning and future teaching innovation,but emphasizes the need for careful design and positive feedback to ensure their success.

The Effectiveness of Infection Control Practices among Health Care Workers Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

Background: The world is currently experiencing a healthcare crisis caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of controlling the spread of the disease;this response has resulted in a huge number of infections amongst HCWs and unfortunately some casualties. Infection prevention and control practices (IPC) are practical, proven methods that prevent avoidable harm to patients and protect health workers from contagious infection. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of IPC practices utilized in COVID-19 testing drive through facility in Lagos Nigeria. Method: The facility recruited 42 HCWs who were trained on IPC and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs). Training on donning and doffing of PPEs, preparation of decontaminants and sample handling were done for relevant personnel. A daily log for monitoring COVID-19 symptoms was deployed to all HCWs;to help early detection of COVID-19 infection and prevent transmission amongst staff. Results: Of 42 personnel, 92.8% had a tertiary level of education while 71.4% had at least 5 years work experience. A total of 5 (11.9%) out of 42 HCWs were positive by week six of the study. All infected persons worked at the drive through centre. Most common symptom filled in the daily log tool was headache and fatigue. Conclusion: Despite all the measures introduced, 11.9% of HCWs became positive within 6 weeks, showing the highly infectious nature of the virus and the need to research into more effective measures in preventing the transmission of highly infectious pathogens to HCWs during outbreaks.

Clustering Countries on COVID-19 Data among Different Waves Using K-Means Clustering

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented spike in confirmed cases in 230 countries globally. In this work, a set of data from the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak has been subjected to two well-known unsupervised learning techniques: K-means clustering and correlation. The COVID-19 virus has infected several nations, and K-means automatically looks for undiscovered clusters of those infections. To examine the spread of COVID-19 before a vaccine becomes widely available, this work has used unsupervised approaches to identify the crucial county-level confirmed cases, death cases, recover cases, total_cases_per_million, and total_deaths_per_million aspects of county-level variables. We combined countries into significant clusters using this feature subspace to assist more in-depth disease analysis efforts. As a result, we used a clustering technique to examine various trends in COVID-19 incidence and mortality across nations. This technique took the key components of a trajectory and incorporates them into a K-means clustering process. We separated the trend lines into measures that characterize various features of a trend. The measurements were first reduced in dimension, then clustered using a K-means algorithm. This method was used to individually calculate the incidence and death rates and then compare them.

Conceptual Blending and Meme Humor on the Internet:The Example of COVID-19 Publicity Posters in Chinese Microblogging

Internet memes,as multimodal cultural products disseminated through the Internet,usually take the form of short videos or images that express humor or satire.The creation and dissemination of humor in memes are both creative and complex,and the successful perception of meme humor reflects humans’universal thinking capacity.Based on the theoretical framework of conceptual blending,this paper selects a set of COVID-19 publicity posters from the official Weibo account of China Guangzhou Fabu(Guangzhou Internet Information Office),analyses the multi-level structure of Internet memes,and explores the dynamic cognitive process in the interpretation of humorous memes to reveal people’s ability to make simultaneous analogies and integration between elements in different mental spaces.

The impact of the COVID-19 prevention and economic interventions on express delivery industry:Evidence from China

As a fundamental logistics service,the express delivery(ED)industry provides production and consumption activities to maintain efficient supply chain operations.It plays an important role in promoting industrial development and maintaining daily life and consumption.This study examined the effects of COVID-19 on the ED industry using ED package delivery data from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China.Using a difference-in-differences method,the COVID-19 outbreak was found to have a positive effect and epidemic prevention and control(EPC)policies were found to have negative effects on the development of the ED industry.In addition to EPC policies,the Chinese government has implemented other short-term economic interventions(SEI),such as the resumption of work and production(RWP),policies to balance economic growth,and epidemic prevention.This study divided the pandemic period into three stages to analyze the different impacts of EPC and SEI policy changes on the ED industry.The RWP policies adopted during the pandemic positively impacted the volume and income of packages delivered to the ED industry.The conclusions of this study are significant for the ED industry in addressing public health emergencies and for the Chinese government to formulate EPC and SEI policies during epidemic periods.

China’s Experience in Controlling COVID-19

Background: In less than a year, COVID-19 has swept the world and continued, too, seriously threatening the safety of all mankind, and caused great social panic and global economic and financial crisis. At the beginning, the epidemic was first diagnosed in China and the epidemic was severe. Under the strong command of the highest level of the Chinese government, the whole Chinese people united as one, and achieved initial results in the struggle against COVID-19 with scientific prevention and control. Objective: Summarizing China’s experience and lessons in combating the epidemic is undoubtedly very beneficial to the people of the world in jointly combating the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. Measures: The article shows the imminent Chinese experience in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. It details the lines of action and the measures taken to control this epidemic in the country where the population is quite large. The most important experience is: strong organizational leadership, enhanced cooperation with the WHO, the establishment of a national anti-epidemic headquarters, responsible for the command and control of human, financial and material resources throughout the country, and local officials at all levels in the front line of the epidemic, Heart to heart with the people, breathing together and sharing a common destiny. Prevention is the first, prevention and treatment are combined. All measures were taken to control the source of infection, cut off the spread and protect susceptible people. Conclusion: As long as the people of the world unite, make scientific decisions and learn from the successful experience of countries around the world, especially the China’s experience, combine the national conditions of each country, and use the wisdom of all man-kind to deal with the common enemy SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, we can definitely win this people’s war against the disease.

A Model for the Transmission of Covid-19 in a Mass Gathering

Recently the pandemic disease Covid-19 has spread rapidly around the world, the disease has some similar characteristics with a previous endemic disease, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which has received recently the attention of many researchers. Here, a two patch SEIR model is introduced in order to explain the importance of the impact of the mass gathering of susceptible individuals when the infected individuals and the exposed individuals are taking separately its role in the dynamics of those diseases that involve the two groups. One or more endemic equilibrium points could appear when the reproduction number exceeds the unity, and the model undergoes a forward bifurcation. A re-formulation of the model as an optimal control problem will permit to evaluate the impact of adequate control strategies for the disease.

An Academic Summary of the International Conference Series on “The Role of the Proportionality Principle in the Pandemic Prevention and Control”

Against the background of a complicated global pandemic situation and normalized pandemic prevention and control in China,leading human rights scholars from China,North America and Eurasia conducted fruitful discussions on the human rights jurisprudence during pandemic through the lens of the proportionality principle at the Sixth Session of the International Seminar Series on"Global Pandemic Prevention and Control and Human Rights Protection",which was organized by the Center for Human Rights Studies of Renmin University of China,under the guidance of the China Society for Human Rights Studies.Focusing on the pandemic-related human rights conditions and legal challenges in global context,participating scholars examined the role of the proportionality principle during the containment of COVID-19 in six topical dimensions,including the normative utility,practical logic,reasonable limits,necessary measures,balancing of interests,and proportional jurisprudence in the post-pandemic era.In oder to cohere human rights jurisprudence for the development of a global community of health for all,this international seminar fostered five fundamental proportionality consensuses from five interrelated perspectives,involving human rights—rule of law—balance—contexts—trends".