An Empirical Analysis on the Impacting of Fiscal Policy on Haze Governance ：Based on the Data of Anhui Province from 2005 to 2014

为准确把握财政政策对雾霾治理的影响,在确立财政政策投入和雾霾治理产出两个维度的基础上,建立评价指标体系,选取安徽省2 0 0 5 年-2 0 1 4 年评价数据,建立T0 P S IS模型,进行实证评价.结果表明：总体上,安徽省财政政策对雾霾治理影响效应表现逐年削弱的变化特征.其次,分阶段来看,2 0 1 0年以前,安徽省财政政策对雾霾治理的影响出现“W ” 型变化特征,即“削弱-增强-削弱-增强” 的变化.2 0 1 1年-2 0 1 3年财政政策效果快速下降;2 0 1 4年以来,财政政策对雾霾治理的影响有增强的趋势.再次,财政资金使用不科学,技术创新不足一定程度上削弱了财政政策对雾霾治理的影响效应.为进一步增强财政政策对雾霾治理的积极影响,充分发挥财政职能,建议完善财政资金的专项转移支付制度,推进资源税制改革,完善相关财政专项补贴政策,推进财政政策绩效评价.

Analysis on the Development Trend of Contemporary Local Governance Mode from the perspective of Economic Policy and Environmental Capacity Optimization

As the basic level of national governance, local governance is deeply influenced by administrative tradition, political system and economic development level of a country. With more than thirty years of reform and opening up, the pattern of local governance has become diversified. The diversity of governance model cannot be managed in the same way, however, it cannot affect the government’s ability to play the initiative role of governance. We need to innovate and improve the existing local governance models.

An Analysis of Voidance of Policy Under Game Theory

The direct cause for the voidance of economic policy is that the government has ignored the game behavior of the microeconomy.Only if we formulate and implement policy strictly according to the game rules can it be promoted to realize its desired objective.

The Positive Role of Governance in the Way Environmental Policies Impact Technological Innovation

Against the backdrop of the knowledge economy, global economy is goingthrough a major transformation. How to alleviate the pressure of resources and the environ-ment and to achieve the sustainable development of the economy has become a global agenda.China＇ s economy growth has been rapid for decades since the reform and opening up policy,but this has also been a great drain on China＇ s resources and the environment, which is an ur-gent problem to tackle. In recently years, the Chinese government has launched many environ-mental policies in the hope of encouraging technological innovation to guarantee the sustain-able development of the economy. However, research suggested that technological innovationis negatively correlated with environmental policies in most scenarios. In some cases, the num-ber of technological innovation decreases after policies take effect and increases after a whilelike a U - curve. In order to solve this problem, I decided to analyze the panel data from 80provinces in China between 2008 and 2014 and conclude that local governance can implementenvironmental regulations while having a positive impact on the technological innovation inenterprises. In the conclusion, suggestions are given to local governments on how to better en-force environmental policies.

The challenge of applying governance and sustainable development to wildland fire management in Southern Europe

This paper discusses participatory processes in wildland fire management （WFM）. Participation is an essential element of both the European Sustainable Development （SD） Strategy and the White Paper on Governance. Governance end SD have thus become an interconnected challenge to be applied to WFM （as a sub-area in forest policy）, amongst other policies. An overspread weakness in WFM is lack of real participation of stakeholders. Absence of （or deficient） participation can seriously impair contribution of this group to WFM in high-risk areas and runs counter governance and the SDS. Further, this weakness might prevent an efficient use of fire as a land management tool （prescribed burning, PB） and as a technique for fighting wildfire （suppression fire, SF）. Even though these fire practices have been well known in many different places, they have been increasingly neglected or Prohibited over time in Southern Europe. At present, forest and fire fighting administrations are turning their eyes back on them and analyzing the benefits of using fire in relation to preventive and suppressive actions. Therefore, participatory and diffusion mechanisms （the latter adopting the shape of national and international experts＇ networks） are required in order to solve the so- called fire paradox： that is, the need to move from a one-dimensinnal perception of the negative impacts of fire to a more sophisticated one that also stresses its positive effects. Governance, based on broad social participation, and diffusion, through fire networks, are of utmost importance in order, first, to diminish long-standing suspicion amongst different interests as to the use of fire and, secondly, to diffuse best practices associated with PB and SF. Most importantly, the ELI should exercise its environmental leadership so that these new fire practices and sustainable WFM are diffused across the international arena.

Goals and Challenges of Global AI Governance and Chinese Solutions

In July 2023,United Nations(UN)Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called for the establishment of an entity agency responsible for artificial intelligence(AI)security governance,and organized an“AI High-level Advisory Committee”to explore pertinent issues,opening the prelude to global AI governance.In October 2023,Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the Global AI Governance Initiative in his keynote address at the opening ceremony of the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation,elaborating China’s policy positions on AI governance to the international community.

Support for obesity policy: The effect of perceptions of causes for obesity and national identity in Canada

Interventions in Canada to address obesity have largely been limited to individual-level change through education rather than a population-level public policy approach. Little is known about obesity policy support in Canada, and substantial national variation in obesity policy support prevents direct transferability of these policies among nations. Our study recruited 521 young adults for an online survey through leaflets and flyers. We investigated how respondents’ demographics, health characteristics, political attitudes, beliefs regarding causes of obesity, and national identity affected their support for obesity policy. Results showed that there is high support for many obesity policies among Canadian young adults. Including Canadian national identity in regression models was significant in explaining obesity policy support beyond the combined effect of other predictors. Further exploration of national identity, in Canada and elsewhere, has implications for understanding obesity policy support that might assist policy makers in making more informed decisions in addressing obesity.

Research on Policy Diffusion Path and Reproduction of River Chief System

The River Chief System (RCS) has evolved from local innovative practices to a national water governance strategy to address the current challenges in China’s water environmental management. In contrast to existing research that focuses on the strengths, weaknesses, and improvements of RCS, this study uses literature study to reveal the dynamic evolution of RCS through three phases, with RCS spreading from developed coastal areas to central and western inland regions. RCS’s diffusion path involves vertical diffusion between central and local levels and horizontal diffusion among local governments. Moreover, RCS has also achieved conceptual spillover, gradually expanding into other governance domains, such as the Lake Chief System, the Field Chief System, the Forestry Chief System, and the integration of multiple chief roles. However, it is essential to scrutinize the phenomenon of applying similar governance mechanisms to different areas, as it may result in challenges such as overburdening local governments, insufficient public participation, oversimplification of differences in natural resource endowments, and limited applicability. This study also provides suggestions on how to address these challenges. The study contributes theoretical insights and policy implications, providing a foundation for practical policy innovation.

Research on the Policy Orientation of Government in Agricultural Industrialization Development

Governmental functions in agricultural industrialization management are analyzed, mainly including supplying public products, providing property right security, managing and protecting resources and environment as well as stabilizing the agro-product market. The policy orientation promoted by the government in agricultural industrialization management is pointed out: formulating a series of macro-management planning to guide and regulate agricultural industrialization operation; fully playing the comprehensive coordinating role of "economic manager"; making and carrying out relevant laws and regulations to normalize the implementation of agricultural industrialization management. To implement the industrial management of agriculture and promote the construction of new countryside, governments at all levels should eliminate the institutional barriers, transform governmental functions gradually and prioritize planning, regulation, service and supervision, changing from merely management to playing the role of market mechanism. Meanwhile, economic, legal and administrative means should be properly adopted to advance the industrial management and the healthy improvement of modern agriculture.

Study on Effectiveness of Government Governance in the Cities with Serious Air Pollution: A Case Study of Zhengzhou City

It is a basic national policy of China and the most important problem in the current development process to control pollution and protect environment.Since environmental and ecological management has strong externality,there is little room for the private sector to play,and government governance becomes the most important means.To rationally assess government effectiveness in ecological management and clarify the main factors affecting the effective governance,Zhengzhou City is taken as research object.By referring to advanced experience of policy evaluation at home and abroad,two level-one indexes(ecological effect and economic effect)and eight level-two indexes(days of good air,concentrations of main air pollutants,energy consumption of per unit GDP,total energy consumption,per capita GDP,energy consumption of heavy industry,added value of industries above designated size,and annual fixed asset investment)are constructed to evaluate effectiveness of air pollution control policy in Zhengzhou City.Moreover,the factors affecting effectiveness of air pollution control policy in Zhengzhou City are analyzed.Finally,corresponding suggestions are proposed based on these factors:perfecting laws and regulations of air pollution control in Zhengzhou City,establishing accountability mechanism and cross regional governance system,adjusting industry and energy structure,valuing environmental technology and social participation,and improving government and people's awareness of environmental protection.

Korea＇s Future Policy Recommendation for the Promotion of Eco-Friendly Vehicles in Metropolitan Area

This paper introduces and analyzes Korea＇s NGV （natural gas vehicles） policy for soot-free bus fleet which intends to promote CNG （compressed natural gas） bus in metropolitan area for the reduction of air pollution from road sector. At the early stage, Korean goverrmaent established various supporting policy systems to encourage public transportation companies to purchase CNG buses as a means to replace diesel buses. It was evaluated as very successful with making net economic benefit of CNG bus promotion policy. During the 2nd stage, Korean government implemented CNG hybrid bus promotion policy to further reduce both air pollution and greenhouse gas. Now, a new social demand for the vehicles is zero-emission vehicles. The author asserts that current FCEV （fuel cell electric vehicle） should be considered as an alternative to zero-emission vehicles in Korea and suggests policy recommendation for the promotion of FCEV by referring the current CNG bus promotion policy in public transportation sector.

Public Agenda, Media Agenda and Policy Communication Process of Government Annual Reports:Based on the Survey in 19 Chinese Cities

Promoting direct policy communication between policy makers and the public is both an important function of government annual reports (GARs) and a key issue in democratic politics.According to this survey,conducted in 19 major cities in China,to promote the policy communication function of the GARs the government should make full use of changes in public policy communication habits and the convergence of public policy preferences in different groups while dealing with routine problems such as “public opinion deficits” and “being popular among the institutional staff but unnoticed the non-institutional staff.”

Prospects of the New German Government’s China Policy

In contrast to the Merkel era, the emphasis on ideological disputes and competition with China is evident in the new German government's Coalition Treaty and several of its new ministers' expressions about China. Against the background of the rising antagonism between China and the West as well as the continuous efforts of the US to urge Europe to curb China in recent years, Germany's understanding of China tends to be negative. Besides, because of the changes in Germany's political landscape and in Sino-German economic and trade relations, the new government is likely to reinforce its defense against and pressure upon China, reduce its strategic dependence on China, strengthen the coordination with its European and American allies for a collective China policy, and compete for dominance in economy and trade, science and technology, global infrastructure, and rules and standards. Sino-German relations may fluctuate, but because of the binding of the economy and trade between the two countries, internal contradictions inside the Western Bloc, and the German tradition of diplomatic pragmatism, the new government will adjust its China policy on the basis of continuation, so that the reversal of the Sino-German relations is hardly to be triggered.

Evaluation of the Impact of Government Policy on the Overuse of Groundwater in the Minqin Basin in China

The existing literature simply concludes that the irrational behaviors of local people and natural factors are the major reasons for overuse of groundwater. Using the OLS and ARIMA (BJ) Statistical Methods and Trend Analyses, this article finds that government policy, as measured by four proxy variables, is a very important factor that strongly influences the overuse of groundwater at the collective level. This means the government is a very important actor in the game of groundwater usage. Although these findings cannot clearly separate government effects from local effects, using a Trend Analysis, they reveal that these significant effects are strictly consistent with variations in government policy. Moreover, they show that government policy effective at the county level strongly impacts the overuse of ground-water by influencing the behavior of the local people and that policy at the operative level impacts four policy domains: population, cultivated land, water assignments and peasant income.

Human Rights, Governance and Public Policy to Counter the Structural Problems and Brain Drain in Latin America and Haiti

This article will analyze human rights linked to their impact on democracy, inequality, government policies and other structural problems such as an imminent obstacle for socioeconomic development in Latin America and the Caribbean, which is considerable challenges for construction of a rule of law, regional policy and that all people can live in a suitable environment. Today daily brain drain contributes a handicap for the socio-educational and professional development in the region particularly in Haiti. At the end of the article, the results of the research on the difficult socioeconomic situations that prevent extremely poor Haitians to enjoy a dignified life, resulting in partial emigrations to abroad and brain drain will occur. Also, the aspirations of the people are shown in the two poorest departments： Northeast and Northwest.

Alternative policy implementation: Theoretical explanation and case analysis of local government's action logic

Since the reform and opening up, the local government has played a key role in promoting the economic and social development of our country, and the effective implementation of the local government has become an important research topic. Therefore, based on the literature, the observation method of in-depth interviews, practice investigation and participation is adopted in this paper, which focuses on the implementation of special groups of social assistance policy. The theoretical framework of government' rational choice reveals the status of local government implementation policies and behavior behind the mechanism and organizational structure. The study found that:(1) the local government is easy to choose a quantifiable policy to implement;(2) there is a coexistence between the local government departments;(3) the local government selectively meets the needs of special personnel;(4) the local government's seeking political promotion and power leads to its behavior alienation.

Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economy After Accession to the Euro Area： The Case of Poland

The impact of Polish fiscal policy on economy after accession to the euro area is analyzed in the article. It was found that government spending financed by distortionary taxation affects output in a different way than in case of government spending financed by bonds. Poland＇s accession to the Economic and Monetary Union will reduce the possibility of increased government spending financed by bonds, which in light of the presented model will greatly reduce the possibility of stimulating the economy through fiscal policy.

The Policy Evolution From Social Governance To the Holistic Pension Service

Amid the complex domestic and international environment, Chinese management of the country transits from control gradually to the governance, national governance modernization pattern have also entered the stage of implementation strategy. The fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the implementation strategy of the refinement of social governance, making the policy more operable in the implementation level. This paper mainly analyzes the policy evolution fTom the social governance to the holistic service of the aged.

Who Governs Public Health？ Donor Retreat and the Shifting Spheres of Influence in Southern African HIV/AIDS Policy Making

For the last decade, discussions about who governs policy on prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS have revolved around the controversial relationship between Western donors and the power they have over their recipient governments. While these debates were once politically germane, recent trends show a decline of donor funding, as well as an increase of financial ownership of the epidemic within Southern Africa. Commensurate with this shifting financial influence, some well-governed, wealthy African states are beginning to deviate from global M＆E （monitoring and evaluation） indicators. These policy movements, away from global M＆E indicators, also correlate with increases in HIV prevalence, which signals the need for further investigation into policy efficacy.

The Government Supporting Policy for Sustainable Development of Small and Medium Industrial Enterprises in Vietnam

In recent years,the issues of sustainable development in general and enterprise's sustainable development have always been given special attention by government management agency,including small and mediumsize industrial enterprises.The study conducted a survey of 316 industrial SMEs in three regions of the North,Central and South of Vietnam with the main survey subjects being managers in enterprises.The main purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the government support policies compared to other factors developed in the research model affecting the sustainable development of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises(SMEs)in Vietnam.In this research,the authors employed exploratory factor analysis to identify 4 factors affecting the sustainable development of SMEs.The research results show that the government support policies have an important role but not strongly influence human resource factors,financial factor and social responsibility(SR)policies of enterprises in their sustainable development for industrial SMEs in Vietnam.