Assessment of challenges and strategies for driving energy transitions in emerging markets:A socio-technological systems perspective

The pursuit of improved quality of life standards has significantly influenced the contemporary mining model in the 21st century.This era is witnessing an unprecedented transformation driven by pressing concerns related to sustainability,climate change,the just energy transition,dynamic operating environments,and complex social challenges.Such transitions present both opportunities and obstacles.The aim of this study is to provide an extensive literature review on energy transition to identify the challenges and strategies associated with navigating transformations in energy systems.Understanding these transformations is particularly critical in the face of the severe consequences of global warming,where an accelerated energy transition is viewed as a universal remedy.Adopting a socio-technological systems perspective,specifically through the application of Actor Network Theory(ANT),this research provides a theoretical foundation while categorising challenges into five distinct domains and outlining strategies across these different dimensions.These insights are specifically tailored for emerging market countries to effectively navigate energy transition while fostering the development of resilient societies.Furthermore,our findings highlight that energy transition encompasses more than a mere technological shift;it entails fundamental changes in various systemic socio-economic imperatives.Through focusing on the role of social structures in transitions,this study makes a significant and innovative contribution to ANT,which has historically been criticised for its limited acknowledgement of social structures.Consequently,we propose an emerging market energy transition framework,which not only addresses technological aspects,but also integrates social considerations.This framework paves the way for future research and exploration of energy transition dynamics.The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights to policymakers,researchers,and practitioners engaged in the mining industry,enabling them to comprehend the multifaceted challenges involved and providing practical strategies for effective resolution.Through incorporating the social dimension into the analysis,we enhance the understanding of the complex nature of energy system transformations,facilitating a more holistic approach towards achieving sustainable and resilient energy transitions in emerging markets and beyond.

Feminist Perspective on Economic Theory, Policies, and Institutions for Women Workers in the Informal Employment of Indonesian Post-economic Crisis

This paper aims to have a grounded picture regarding the impacts of the economic crises on women workers in the informal employment, identify the economic theory whose application is disadvantageous to the women home-based workers, support recognition of women homeworkers by the policy makers, and empower the workers through exercising their rights. Research methodology for women＇s studies from a feminist perspective is employed covering action-oriented research initiating from the grounded issues, a bottom-up approach, and a participatory method where the researchers act as facilitators. It is necessarily a longitudinal research work with a new paradigm to change the women＇s situation. This methodology is deemed effective to identify impacts of the crises as described in the paper. It can be found that the root cause of women workers＇ exploitation is the economic efficiency theory, while policy development should be specifically designed along with engendering policy makers. Exercising the rights to organize the unorganized women home-based workers is no way repeatable from standard practice of organizing formal workers. All these require action of committed and skilled feminists with adequate praxis resources.

The role of R&D and economic policy uncertainty in Sri Lanka’s economic growth

In this paper,we assess the role of investment in research and development(R&D)and economic policy uncertainty(EPU)in Sri Lanka’s economic growth experience.We do this by first determining which endogenous growth theories best explain the evolution of total factor productivity(TFP)in the country.Using historical time series data(1980–2018),we find that semi-endogenous growth theories best explain the evolution of TFP in Sri Lanka.This evidence suggests that R&D is critical to the country’s TFP expansion.We find that,through R&D,EPU has a crucial detrimental impact on TFP growth,although it is short-lived.Our findings are robust and have important implications for R&D investment and for moderating EPU.

A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis of Trump and Biden Administrations’China Policies

The theory of proximization is an effective discourse strategy to study the speaker’s ability to achieve his own legitimacy or reinforce the other’s illegitimacy,and its superiority can be maximized by means of quantitative and comparative analysis.In this study,we collected reports on Trump’s and Biden’s policies on China to build two small corpora,with a total of 11,030 words in the Trump corpus and 17,566 words in the Biden corpus.The critical discourse analysis is combined with proximization theory.With the help of BFSU Qualitative Coder 1.2,Antconc 3.5.7,and Log-Likelihood and Chi-Square Calculator 1.0,a critical cognitive score of the relevant discourse was conducted from the perspective of proximization theory.It has been found that:(1)Both Trump and Biden administrations resort to a large number of spatial proximization strategies to build ODCs converging to IDCs with China as the ODC,posing a threat to internal physical IDCs;(2)in the use of temporal proximization strategy,both administrations use primarily modal verbs and various entities to construct ODCs that extend indefinitely into the present and future,emphasizing the urgency and the threat of the effect and reinforcing the legitimacy of their actions;(3)in terms of axiological proximization strategy,the two administrations differ greatly from each other,indicating that there are still discursive biases.

An Assessment of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy and the African Union Security Architecture:Neo-conservative Perspectives

The beginning of the 21st century witnessed a strategic shift in Nigeria’s foreign policy.After the return of Nigeria to civilian rule in 1999,new multilateral diplomacy had to be embarked upon towards the promotion of democracy,peace,and security in Africa.One notable and distinctive feature of the country’s foreign policy from the inception of the Fourth Republic(1999)has been its promotion of African stability through the democratisation process.Nigeria has consistently used the African Union(AU)to pursue an agenda which can be described as neo-conservative,in restoring democracy,peace,and security,in Africa.Given this,this paper examines the neo-conservative foreign policy objectives and the role of the Nigerian state within the African Union security architecture towards the nurturing and advancement of democracy,peace,and security since the return to the civilian rule in 1999.

The Some New Aspects of the International Business Theory and International Economy

Different positions of the member states of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, especially the developed and developing countries and also the United States of America （USA）, the European Union （EU）, and Japan representatives, were observed during the Doha Round of trade negotiations under the WTO. The problems of agriculture protection in the developed countries, for example in the EU and USA and also in the developing countries, were becoming serious obstacles during the negotiations. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalization, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral free trade areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others. The main aim of the article is the presentation of some new aspects of the international business theory in the context of international economy. The article presents the mercantilist tendencies in the international trade policy, the theory of public choice in the foreign trade policy, protectionist pressures in different political systems, the level of protectionist pressures, food producers＇ pressure, and conflicts between the tendencies to sustainable international trade liberalization and environmental protection.

Analysis on the Actual Teaching Effectiveness of Course Ethnic Theory and Policy --School of Preparatory Education for the Minorities of Ningxia University Is Taken for Example

In this paper, many factors restricting and affecting the actual effectiveness of course ethnic theory and policy are summarized, among which student factors mainly include unavailable major foundation, new strange course, and having no idea about how to learn in the short term, narrow knowledge scope because of the examination-oriented education, poor self-control ability and attitude toward learning, and difference among the students of different minorities in the preparatory education, so that the actual teaching effectiveness is different. The teaching contents provided by teachers are not enough scientific, and the teaching pertinence is not strong; all parts of teaching and especially the effectiveness of processing the key and difficult points are not good enough, so that students are guided not very well to actively participate in classroom teaching activities, etc. Subsequently, an analysis is made around integrating and excavating teaching materials, understanding teaching contents, valuing the teaching process, and helping the students of preparatory education change from passively learning knowledge to initiatively accepting knowledge in a targeted way, and then some approaches, methods, and strategies of improving the actual teaching effectiveness of the course are explored.

我国数字乡村试点的政策工具偏好及区域差异——基于全国72个试点县域的扎根分析

以数字技术赋能乡村建设是推动农业农村现代化转型的必然要求,也是实现乡村振兴、推动共同富裕的重要战略目标。自2020年中央一号文件首次提出数字乡村试点以来,全国各试点地积极推进数字乡村建设实践。已有研究或从乡村发展与变迁视角来阐释数字化建设对于乡村高质量发展的战略意义,或从数字治理视角呈现数字化驱动乡村治理的过程和机制,而较少关注“试点”政策本身,更缺乏政策工具的类型学归纳和分析。基于政策工具视角,研究对全国72个数字乡村试点县域的一、二手资料进行扎根分析,最终提炼出能力建设型、协同治理型和创新激励型三类政策工具,并在此基础上构建数字乡村建设的“价值实践张力—动力机制—政策工具选择—政策目标实现”分析框架。研究表明,以政府主导为依托的能力建设型工具处于绝对优势地位,在此基础上叠加协同治理型与创新激励型两类政策工具,共同促进数字乡村建设的纵深发展。具体而言,东部沿海及部分中部地区因其自身物质基础较好,偏重多种政策工具的组合运用,西部及东北地区则更偏好能力建设型工具的运用。然而政策工具的选取并非一成不变,而是随着情境的变化由单一转向动态化与多样化。本研究可为数字乡村试点的深入推进提供工具借鉴,也可为相关部门的决策提供参考。

公共图书馆赋能数字乡村建设:要素、路径及策略

在乡村振兴战略的实施以及数字乡村的建设中,公共图书馆应充分发挥功能,赋能数字乡村建设。分析相关法规与政策文本,能够挖掘和阐发公共图书馆赋能数字乡村建设的关键要素和作用路径,并为其助推数字乡村可持续发展提供对策建议。本文通过文献调查法、网络调查法采集数字乡村和乡村振兴战略相关的政策法规,并应用扎根理论研究方法对相关文本内容进行质性分析。研究表明,公共图书馆可以通过“数字传播”“数智教育”“数实融合”“数源供给”“数字科普”“数字治理”等途径,实现数字乡村文化、教育、服务、人才、健康、城乡融合赋能,从而推动数字乡村建设,助力乡村振兴。图2。表4。参考文献48。

国家安全战略视域下的美国对华制度制衡及影响

形成于21世纪初的制度制衡理论,实际上已成为后冷战时期美国外交政策特别是对华政策的主导理论之一。从美国国家安全战略的角度,可以发现自2001年以来美国历届政府制约中国的因素不断上升,其对华实施的制度制衡方略经历了从包容性向排他性的转变。小布什政府采用试图将中国纳入美国主导的国际体系的包容性制度制衡方略,奥巴马政府则采用两面下注的混合型对华包容性制度制衡方略。特朗普政府主要利用美国国内法律和制度对华进行排他性制度制衡,而拜登政府采用“小圈子”对华进行排他性制度制衡。拜登政府在高科技领域对华实行制度制衡,企图在某种程度上迟滞中国高科技发展,客观上却促使中国自立自强形成尽可能完整的高科技生产链,对美国自身高科技产业和国内经济也产生“反噬”效应,无法从根本上改变经济全球化大趋势。

社会工作者参与政策实践的三大基础

社会工作既是基于价值的专业和理论驱动的专业,也是回应社会需要的专业。公平正义的价值观、生态系统理论和社会发展的现实需要,构成了社会工作者参与政策实践的三大基础,社会工作者可以且应当利用政策实践方法去实施、完善和创新社会政策。

货币政策、资产价格与消费者价格波动——基于庇古效应和超调理论的研究

首先基于价格超调理论和庇古财富效应理论,全面解析了货币政策对消费者物价指数(CPI)的动态影响机制,结果发现,货币政策不仅会直接影响CPI,而且会通过资产价格的超调效应间接影响到CPI.其次,本文进一步引入马尔科夫区制转移模型,分析了货币政策的不同区制特征,并从参数时变角度测算了货币政策对资产价格和CPI的动态影响关系.实证研究表明:第一,货币政策具有明显的扩张和收缩二区制特征.第二,短期内货币政策对资产价格较之CPI有超调效应,长期看货币政策通过资产价格的庇古中介效应间接影响CPI.第三,货币政策对资产价格和CPI均存在非对称影响,扩张性货币政策效应小于紧缩性货币政策效应,同时资产价格对CPI同样存在非对称性影响,“损失规避”效应明显.

“双减”政策何以有效落地?基于“任务-主体-结构”的政策文本分析和对S省的调查

聚焦“双减”政策何以有效落地问题进行了两个新尝试。一是在研究范式上,从应然逻辑、实然状态和必然进路三个层面回应。二是在分析框架上,融合政策执行过程相关研究和结构化理论构建了突出目标导向、强化结构分析的“任务-主体-结构”政策执行过程模型,更契合我国复杂的政策执行环境。基于对“双减”政策文本和S省的落地实践分析发现:第一阶段的落地过程呈现出“运动式”治理的特征,但实际执行结构、落地条件和落地成效在内涵上远未达到设定目标。建议着力推动向“动员式”转型,以高质量教育体系建设为总抓手,有效回应家长对政策的价值需求。

“双减”政策执行阻滞:发生逻辑与消解策略

“减负”政策执行难是我国基础教育事业发展过程中的“老大难”问题,在“双减”政策实践中表现为:基层政策表演式执行、选择式执行以及抵抗式执行。从“利益结构-社会文化-参与主体”三重维度对政策执行阻滞的发生逻辑进行诠释发现:政策执行的利益结构:成本分散-利益集中,社会文化:不平等的职业观与功利化的教育观,参与主体:行政吸纳社会、利益主体失语,这三重因素共同导致了政策执行阻滞的生成。本研究基于“嵌入理论”,从价值观念嵌入、执行方式嵌入、社会参与嵌入和监管模式嵌入等四个方面提出执行阻滞的消解策略。

基层治理场域中城市社区政策执行逻辑解构

城市社区是基层治理基本单元,也是回应社会治理问题的主战场。相较于科层治理模式,基层治理场域建构起了独特的治理格局,在此场域中城市社区政策执行具有特殊的情境逻辑。基于场域-行为的社区政策执行场域分析框架,对执行主体进行角色行为分析,可以发现,社区治理情境中的压力型体制背景、政策设计内生性模糊与组织资本困窘、场域叠加、行动者区隔,以及政策执行者心理系统等场域要素,共同作用于政策执行行为。从组织场域、社会关系场域以及心理场域对城市社区的政策执行进行全方位及全过程调节,将极大地提升社会治理政策效能。

多源流理论视角下美国职业生涯教育立法政策的变迁

多源流理论为解释政策过程和分析政策变迁提供了一种视角和框架。美国职业生涯教育立法政策经历了三个时期:一是以片段化的引导性立法政策支持职业指导和职业生涯发展的探索期;二是以特色化的规制性立法政策推进职业生涯教育实践的确立期;三是以系统化的策略性立法政策深化职业生涯教育改革的深化期。运用多源流理论分析这一变迁历程会发现:美国时代变动引发的失业危机与传统教育效能单一之间的冲突构成了“问题识别”;职业生涯教育思想在政策共同体中的演化促成了“政策阐明”;公众舆论与政党执政理念对职业生涯教育的影响产生了“政治活动”;马兰德的“过程软化”与打开“政策之窗”则最终促成了“政策之窗与溪流的结合”。回顾美国职业生涯教育立法政策的颁布与调整,有两点值得思考和借鉴:一是立法政策在发展趋势、人群面向、目标定位和功能发挥上有明显变化;二是立法政策规范和保障是影响美国职业生涯教育实践的重要推动因素,而职业生涯教育立法政策的颁布又是特定时期多种因素长期共同作用促成的结果。

营商环境治理效能提升的制度优势支撑:一个基于政策过程理论的框架建构

提升营商环境治理效能是营造市场化、法治化和国际化一流营商环境的必然要求,也是实现中国式现代化的关键抓手。从营商环境治理效能提升的结果出发,以政策过程理论为工具,追溯制度优势经由优化营商环境政策定位、政策制定与调整、政策执行和政策扩展到营商环境治理效能提升的过程性路径框架:在政策定位中,社会主义制度属性要求优化营商环境政策议程建立和坚持以人民为中心的政策理念;在政策制定与调整中,以实事求是的决策思想、民主集中的决策原则和不断创新的决策驱动力构成的决策模式保证优化营商环境的科学精准施策;在政策执行中,中国共产党集中统一的领导制度与中国特色科层组织体系嵌合形成的统筹协同的党政治理结构保障了优化营商环境政策的有效执行;在政策扩展中,集中力量办大事所蕴含的部署统筹性、全民动员力和资源集成性,推动优化营商环境政策不断纵深发展。

政府碳税与补贴政策对独立再制造模式的影响

政府为促进再制造产业的发展,采取碳税和补贴政策,而两种政策对再制造产业的影响效果不同.为分析政府碳税政策与补贴政策对独立再制造的影响,基于政府两种政策构建原始制造商与再制造商博弈模型,对比分析政府补贴和碳税政策对最优解的影响.结果表明:碳税政策会提高两种产品的单位零售价格,补贴政策会降低两种产品的单位零售价格,但是,两种政策都增加再制造产品的需求量;补贴政策提高废旧产品回收率,当消费者对再制造产品的偏好较大时,碳税政策才提高废旧产品回收率;碳税政策对环境产生的总影响最小,当单位再制造产品对环境产生的影响较小时,补贴政策才减少对环境的影响.管理启示:政府实施碳税政策时,碳税额度不要过高;政府采取补贴政策时,只有补贴额度大于某一额度时,采取补贴政策更有利于再制造产业发展,否则,采取碳税政策更优.

我国幼儿园质量评估政策变迁的多源流阐释

新中国成立以来,我国幼儿园质量评估政策经历了垦拓与酝酿、起步与探索、规范与发展、深化与完善四个阶段。运用多源流理论对我国幼儿园质量评估政策的变迁机理进行探析,研究发现:问题源流为政策变迁提供了合理性基础,国家重大战略为政治源流营造了适宜政治环境,多方意见建议汇合为政策源流酝酿了合法性的土壤。我国在幼儿园质量评估政策改革和优化方面,应增强问题意识,聚焦幼儿园质量评估政策的具体实施;科学统筹规划,完善幼儿园质量评估政策的政治保障;吸纳多方建议,坚持端正幼儿园质量评估政策的价值取向。

“学校—培训机构”特色课后服务合作行为机理及困境突破——基于社会交换理论的分析

“学校—培训机构”合作是特色课后服务供给的重要模式。从社会交换理论视角分析学校与培训机构的合作行为机理发现,报酬吸引与组织支持促成双方的合作动机,资源吸纳与权力依赖促使双方合作达成,信任维系与秩序强化保证双方的持续性合作。但是,“学校—培训机构”合作仍存在组织信息不对称导致合作动机减弱、监管机制不到位导致资源吸纳利用率低、主体沟通不顺畅导致合作难以持续等问题。因此,应强化信息透明,稳固特色课后服务的吸引力;加强运行监管,增加特色课后服务的吸纳度;畅通交流渠道,保障特色课后服务的持续性,以更好地发挥课后服务的育人功能,满足学生的多样化需求。