Detecting the nested determinants of the Australian Dollar-U.S.Dollar exchange rate regime and simulating its behaviour

This paper aims to detect the underlying regime behind the historical data of the Australian Dollar-U.S.Dollar exchange rate and potential influential factors.Based on academic research and empirical analysis,a series of statistical analysis are carried out to capture the significant factors and their channels through which they could exert effects upon the dynamic behaviour of the exchange rate.

To Accomplish the Unaccomplished Reform： Lessons and Options of RMB Exchange Rate Reform

The exchange rate reform initiated on August 11,2015 is an important attempt by the PBoC to transform China's exchange rate regime from the "crawl-like arrangement" to a floating regime.However,after a three-day experiment,the PBoC abandoned the original goal of the reform.Since then,the central bank has implemented a new exchange rate-setting mechanism.Under this mechanism,the central parity of the renminbi(RMB) against the US dollar is decided by the arithmetic average of the RMB exchange rate that keeps the index of a currency basket unchanged over the past 24 hours and the previous day's closing price of USD/CNY.Due to the introduction of the index of a currency basket,additional uncertainty has been introduced into the determination of the RMB exchange rate,because of the uncertainty of the dollar index(USDX).As a result,to a certain extent,the one-way bet on the RMB expectations is weakened.However,the current exchange rate formation mechanism cannot reverse the trend of devaluation of the RMB,nor can it eliminate depreciation expectations.Meanwhile,it hinders the effectiveness of central bank's independent monetary policy based on the domestic economic fundamentals.And also,the "two-way float" created by the new price-setting mechanism is artificial and has led to significant losses of foreign exchange reserve.The paper explains how the new price-setting mechanism works,and identifies the important features of the mechanism and its pros and cons.The paper argues that despite some advantages,the new exchange rate regime as a soft peg regime is not sustainable and the PBoC should stop foreign exchange market intervention as soon as possible.We hope that the PBoC can learn the lessons from the failure of the "August 11 reform" and accomplish the unaccomplished reform in an urgent manner.

Structural Evolution of RMB Exchange Rate Reform: Historical Review, Experience and Prospect

The Renminbi(RMB)exchange rate regime reform has gone through three stages roughly once every decade since 1994.It is a structural evolution through the unification of dual exchange rates,increased fluctuations and central parity rate reform in response to the dynamic macro environment in China and abroad.This paper unpacks leading and supporting reforms for each stage and reviews the effects.The reform has developed historical experience in adopting progressive strategies,avoiding sharp exchange rate fluctuations in the near term,maintaining appropriate capital controls,and guaranteeing the reform through domestic structural reforms.Achieving a free-floating exchange rate will be the ultimate goal,but it will not be made easily in the short run.During the transitional period,it is recommended that an annual target zone for RMB's effective exchange rate be arranged for the CFETS currency basket,along with necessary capital controls.

中国OFDI区位分布的东道国汇率因素判断

使用中国对161个国家和地区2003~2014年对外直接投资区位分布的存量数据,实证检验了人民币相对于东道国货币汇率升值、东道国货币相对于人民币汇率波动、东道国货币相对于锚货币汇率稳定以及东道国汇率制度选择四个维度的汇率指标对中国OFDI区位分布的重要影响。研究发现,中国的OFDI存量随人民币相对于东道国货币升值而增加,货币升值的购买力增加正效应大于收益率降低的负效应。东道国货币相对于人民币汇率波动程度越高、相对于锚货币稳定度越低,中国的OFDI存量就越多;对东道国资本自由流动的诉求以及对冲实际汇率波动风险的动因是中国OFDI更加偏好汇率浮动区间更大的东道国的重要原因。在投资—出口权衡、中低收入子样本、金融危机前后子样本。

Dynamic Transition of Exchange Rate Regime in China

Thepaper considers the optimal transition path for China＇s exchange rate regime. How can China successfully make the shift from the current dollar peg regime to a more desirable regime, whether a basket peg or a floating regime？ To answer this question, we develop a dynamic small open economy general equilibrium model. We construct four transition policies based on a basket peg or a floating regime and compare the welfare gains of these policies relative to maintaining the dollar peg regime. Two main results are derived from the quantitative analysis using Chinese data from 1999Q1 to 2010Q4. First, following a gradual adjustment to a basket peg regime is the most appropriate path for China to take, with minimal welfare losses associated with the shift in the exchange rate regime. Second, a sudden shift to the basket peg is the second best solution, and is superior to a sudden shift to floating because the monetary authority can efficiently determine optimal weights to attach to currencies in the basket to achieve policy goals once they adopt a basket peg regime.

RMB Exchange Rate Regime: Suggestions on Further Reform and Exit Strategy

Since 2000, the focus of the study of the RMB ex change rate has transferred from debate on whether it should appreciate or depreciate to the overall planning and the envisaged improvement of the RMB exchange rate regime.

Currency Exposure in China under the New Exchange Rate Regime： National Level Evidence

The present paper studies China＇s national level currency exposure since 2005 when the country adopted a new exchange rate regime allowing the renminbi （RMB） to move towards greater flexibility. Using generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic and constant conditional correlation-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic methods to estimate the augmented capital asset pricing models with orthogonalized stock returns, we find that China equity indexes are significantly exposed to exchange rate movements. In a static setting, there is strong sensitivity of stock returns to movements of China＇s trade- weighted exchange rate, and to the bilateral exchange rates except the RMB/dollar rate. However, in a dynamic framework, exposure to all the bilateral currency pairs under examination is significant. The results indicate that under the new exchange rate regime, China＇s gradualist approach to moving towards greater exchange rate flexibility has managed to keep exposure to a moderate level. However, we find evidence that in a dynamic setting, the exposure of the RMB to the dollar and other major currencies is significant. For China, the challenge of managing currency risk exposure is looming greater.

汇率制度变迁如何影响企业出口贸易?

基于对称开放两国模型的一般均衡分析框架,采用中国贸易企业的微观数据,研究中国与贸易伙伴国双边事实汇率制度安排影响企业出口贸易的微观机制。研究表明:一方面,固定汇率制度通过降低风险提升了所有企业出口,即存在正向规模效应;另一方面,固定汇率制度阻碍了生产要素从低效率企业流向高效率企业,不利于高效率企业出口,即存在负向结构效应。一旦企业生产效率超过一定阈值,负向结构效应会超过正向规模效应,浮动汇率反而更有益于国际贸易增长。因此,从国际贸易平稳发展角度看,相对于汇率制度改革,企业生产率水平提升才是更根本的因素。

人民币国际化进程中的货币锚效应——基于186个经济体的比较研究

在国际化进程中,人民币成为重要的货币锚有利于提升其在世界货币体系中的国际地位,并促进全球区域经济合作。选取全球不同地理区域内的186个经济体,采用隐含货币篮子回归方法,比较“8·11”汇改前后人民币在国际化进程中货币锚效应的异质性,并采用广义矩估计方法和动态面板数据模型实证检验人民币货币锚效应的影响因素。研究表明:人民币已成为较多经济体的隐性货币锚,其发挥作用的主要区域为东南亚、大洋洲、西亚、西非等;人民币的全球货币影响力与英镑、日元接近,但与美元和欧元仍有差距;人民币货币锚效应的促进因素包括样本经济体对中国的贸易依存度、样本经济体与中国的利率差异以及人民币汇率制度改革,人民币货币锚效应的抑制因素包括样本经济体的相对经济实力、通胀水平和国际原油价格等;人民币货币锚效应在“一带一路”共建国家和非“一带一路”共建国家之间存在异质性,对于非“一带一路”共建国家,人民币货币锚效应的滞后性更显著。因此,不断完善人民币汇率形成机制,增加汇率调控弹性,并根据不同国际区域特征促进全方位多层次区域合作,以及依托“一带一路”倡议,积极推进和完善人民币国际化相关政策措施,能够优化人民币国际化全球战略布局。

人民币汇率形成机制的当前形势与未来方向——“8.11”汇改八周年回顾与展望

本文梳理2015年“8.11”汇改八年以来,人民币汇率制度市场化改革的政策演变与汇改效果。从汇改政策演变来看,人民币汇率制度改革的主基调是围绕人民币汇率中间价定价模型进行改革,并辅之以CFETS篮子货币的数量和权重调整。从汇改效果来看,“8.11”汇改以来人民币汇率波动幅度逐渐变大,市场供求决定人民币汇率的程度越来越高。随着人民币汇率市场化程度的上升,人民币汇率逐渐走出独立行情,使得人民币对部分国家而言已经成为重要的货币锚。从汇改方向来看,实现自由浮动是人民币汇改的终极目标,但受制于复杂的国内外宏观经济形势,短期内较难实现。在过渡期内,本文建议设立人民币篮子汇率的年度宽幅目标区制度。

Putting the Cart before the Horse? Capital Account Liberalization and Exchange Rate Flexibility in China

This paper reviews the issues involved in moving towards greater exchange rate flexibilityand capital account liberalization in China. A more flexible exchange rate regime wouldallow China to operate a more independent monetary policy, providing a useful bufferagainst domestic and external shocks. At the same time, weaknesses in China’s financialsystem suggest that capital account liberalization poses significant risks and should be alower priority in the short term. This paper concludes that greater exchange rate flexibilityis in China’s own interest and that, along with a more stable and robust financial system, itshould be regarded as a prerequisite for undertaking a substantial liberalization of thecapital account.

基于机制转换跳扩散模型的外汇挂钩的相关期权定价

本文研究了机制转换跳扩散模型下外汇挂钩的相关期权的定价问题.在风险中性概率测度下,假设汇率服从机制转换均值回复模型、资产价格服从机制转换跳扩散模型,通过测度变换和傅里叶变换方法,推导出了外汇挂钩相关期权的定价公式.运用快速傅里叶变换算法求得期权价值的数值解,并比较分析了不同模型以及一些重要参数对外汇挂钩相关期权价值的影响情况.

Valuation and Hedging Strategy of Currency Options under Regime-Switching Jump-Diffusion Model

The main purpose of this thesis is in analyzing and empirically simulating risk minimizing European foreign exchange option pricing and hedging strategy when the spot foreign exchange rate is governed by a Markov-modulated jump-diffusion model. The domestic and foreign money market interest rates, the drift and the volatility of the exchange rate dynamics all depend on a continuous-time hidden Markov chain which can be interpreted as the states of a macro-economy. In this paper, we will provide a practical lognormal diffusion dynamic of the spot foreign exchange rate for market practitioners. We employing the minimal martingale measure to demonstrate a system of coupled partial-differential-integral equations satisfied by the currency option price and attain the corresponding hedging schemes and the residual risk. Numerical simulations of the double exponential jump diffusion regime-switching model are used to illustrate the different effects of the various parameters on currency option prices.

Trilemma,RMB exchange rate regime reform,and policy orientation after August 2015

The discussions on RMB exchange rate could not depart from the ongoing reform of RMB exchange rate regime,which must be designed and promoted as an integral part of the large open economy macroeconomic policy framework.As a large open economy facing the trilemma,China should explicitly establish the principle of domestic monetary policy dominance in the impossible trinity,with the exchange rate policy and capital account management should both conform to this fundamental principle.Simplistically pegging RMB to the US dollar will result in lack of flexibility and violate this principle.Especially against the backdrop of unsynchronized economic cycles of major economies and the prospect of further Fed tighten up,that the real effective exchange rate of RMB moves passively along with the US dollar cannot reflect the relative changes in economic fundamentals in China and abroad,which will cause distortions,resulting in resource misallocations and loss of welfare.The reform of RMB exchange rate regime should be market-oriented,towards a direction with more flexibility.

基于Markov区制转移模型的人民币实际有效汇率波动机制

首次将三区制的Markov转移模型引入自回归模型,研究了1991-01～2008-06人民币实际有效汇率的动态波动路径.研究结果表明,1991年后的人民币实际有效汇率波动存在显著的三区制特征:"过度贬值"区制、"适度贬值"区制和"升值"区制.同时,得到以下结论:①人民币实际有效汇率区制转移的动态过程,在大部分时期都处于"适度贬值"或"升值"区制;②1991年以来的2次汇率改革都对人民币实际有效汇率走势产生了积极的影响.

Knight不确定与随机汇率下外商投资决策

在奈特不确定及机制转换环境下研究了汇率变动对跨国投资决策的影响.首先,通过It公式,推导得出机制转换环境下利润流的动力学方程.其次,利用最大最小期望效用(α-MEU)偏好模型对项目投资期望值进行了刻画.再利用随机分析方法推导出在奈特不确定及机制转换环境下考虑汇率变动的项目预期价值公式及利润流临界现值.最后,对结果进行数值模拟,分析了不同参数对跨国投资的影响.