The aim of this study was to estimate the intake level of glutamate and caffeine from some snacks and drinks. The survey was carried out during 2008 to 2009 in 3 selected governorates (Al-Hassa, Al- Katif and AD-Damma...The aim of this study was to estimate the intake level of glutamate and caffeine from some snacks and drinks. The survey was carried out during 2008 to 2009 in 3 selected governorates (Al-Hassa, Al- Katif and AD-Dammam) localized in the eastern area of Saudi Arabia. The age of study participants (298) was ranged between less than 4 – over 30 years. The snacks and drinks consumption data were gathered and calculated using the frequency methods. Forty nine samples of snacks and beverages were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for glutamate and caffeine contents. The results indicated that total intake of snacks, chocolates and drinks were significantly correlated (spearman r = 0.856, 0.591, 0.943, p = 0.0) with total intake of glutamate and caffeine. The mean of caffeine intake was 40.4± 44.5 mg, while the mean of glutamate intake was 0.134± 0.146 mg. The highest concentration of glutamate was in Pringles with Ketchup (0.420), Bugles Smoking BBQ (0.660) and Indomie with Vegetables (0.860). The high caffeine concentrations of Kit Kat, Ulker and Galaxy samples were 166, 165.5, and 134.5 mg/kg respectively, while the beverages, the high caffeine concentrations were presented in energy drinks like Red bull (345.5), Power Horse (339.0) and Bugzy(333.0) mg/L. The children aged between 4– 8 were the most consumers of snacks which containing glutamate, while the adolescents consumed more chocolates and beverages which containing caffeine. These finding suggests that consumption of salty snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages is mounting between important categories in the community, so interventions focusing on increasing physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption will have an impact on obesity control and promoting health.展开更多
THE Double Nine Festival,which falls on theninth day of the ninth lunar month,is anancient tradition among Han Chinese.TheBook of Changes,a famous classic in ancient China,designates the number 9 as yang(the masculine...THE Double Nine Festival,which falls on theninth day of the ninth lunar month,is anancient tradition among Han Chinese.TheBook of Changes,a famous classic in ancient China,designates the number 9 as yang(the masculine orpositive principle in nature).Thus Double Nine isknown as Chongyang in Chinese,meaning doubleyang.In The Western Capital Miscellancy,Ge Hong(281-341)of the Eastern Jin Dynasty described onetraditional custom of the Western Han Dynasty (206B.C.-A.D.24):″Wearing medicinal comel (Cornusofficinalis),eating double yang cake and drinking chry-santhemum wine on the ninth day of the ninth lunarmonth all help to prolong life.″Therefore the DoubleNine Festival is also celebrated as a festival for the old.People often wear medicinal cornel and climb to ahigh place to drink chrysanthemum wine.The customcomes from a legend:Huan Jing was a student ofnecromancer Fei Changfang in the Eastern Han Dy-nasty (25-220). One day Fei warned Huan that thelatter’s family was in danger of suffering a diaster展开更多
Nasreddin was a poor man, so he tried to grow asmany vegetables as he could in his own garden, so thathe would not have to buy so many in the market. One evening he heard a noise in his garden and lookedout of the win...Nasreddin was a poor man, so he tried to grow asmany vegetables as he could in his own garden, so thathe would not have to buy so many in the market. One evening he heard a noise in his garden and lookedout of the window. A white ox had got into the gardenand was eating his vegetables. Nasreddin at once took展开更多
最近,一位读者发来email,称赞毛竹晨的专栏文章:Thank youvery much for the nice piece of writing bv Mao Zhuchen in your September issue.I was really fascinated by her English writing,such as“Students…and bidfarewell per...最近,一位读者发来email,称赞毛竹晨的专栏文章:Thank youvery much for the nice piece of writing bv Mao Zhuchen in your September issue.I was really fascinated by her English writing,such as“Students…and bidfarewell permanently,or temporarily to the campus life…before moving on tosummer,or career.”I would describe the article as lively,brief and vivid,and in-formative as well.本次专栏,让我们从一个新的侧面去观察和了解剑桥大学的校园生活。我们似乎能闻到他们厨房里的菜香和笑语,似乎能从俄罗斯的Vardim和奥地利的Tanja身上体验到世界的、人与人之间的巨大“落差”,从而引起读者或喜或悲、或远或近、或强或弱的联想。展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to estimate the intake level of glutamate and caffeine from some snacks and drinks. The survey was carried out during 2008 to 2009 in 3 selected governorates (Al-Hassa, Al- Katif and AD-Dammam) localized in the eastern area of Saudi Arabia. The age of study participants (298) was ranged between less than 4 – over 30 years. The snacks and drinks consumption data were gathered and calculated using the frequency methods. Forty nine samples of snacks and beverages were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for glutamate and caffeine contents. The results indicated that total intake of snacks, chocolates and drinks were significantly correlated (spearman r = 0.856, 0.591, 0.943, p = 0.0) with total intake of glutamate and caffeine. The mean of caffeine intake was 40.4± 44.5 mg, while the mean of glutamate intake was 0.134± 0.146 mg. The highest concentration of glutamate was in Pringles with Ketchup (0.420), Bugles Smoking BBQ (0.660) and Indomie with Vegetables (0.860). The high caffeine concentrations of Kit Kat, Ulker and Galaxy samples were 166, 165.5, and 134.5 mg/kg respectively, while the beverages, the high caffeine concentrations were presented in energy drinks like Red bull (345.5), Power Horse (339.0) and Bugzy(333.0) mg/L. The children aged between 4– 8 were the most consumers of snacks which containing glutamate, while the adolescents consumed more chocolates and beverages which containing caffeine. These finding suggests that consumption of salty snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages is mounting between important categories in the community, so interventions focusing on increasing physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption will have an impact on obesity control and promoting health.
文摘THE Double Nine Festival,which falls on theninth day of the ninth lunar month,is anancient tradition among Han Chinese.TheBook of Changes,a famous classic in ancient China,designates the number 9 as yang(the masculine orpositive principle in nature).Thus Double Nine isknown as Chongyang in Chinese,meaning doubleyang.In The Western Capital Miscellancy,Ge Hong(281-341)of the Eastern Jin Dynasty described onetraditional custom of the Western Han Dynasty (206B.C.-A.D.24):″Wearing medicinal comel (Cornusofficinalis),eating double yang cake and drinking chry-santhemum wine on the ninth day of the ninth lunarmonth all help to prolong life.″Therefore the DoubleNine Festival is also celebrated as a festival for the old.People often wear medicinal cornel and climb to ahigh place to drink chrysanthemum wine.The customcomes from a legend:Huan Jing was a student ofnecromancer Fei Changfang in the Eastern Han Dy-nasty (25-220). One day Fei warned Huan that thelatter’s family was in danger of suffering a diaster
文摘Nasreddin was a poor man, so he tried to grow asmany vegetables as he could in his own garden, so thathe would not have to buy so many in the market. One evening he heard a noise in his garden and lookedout of the window. A white ox had got into the gardenand was eating his vegetables. Nasreddin at once took
文摘最近,一位读者发来email,称赞毛竹晨的专栏文章:Thank youvery much for the nice piece of writing bv Mao Zhuchen in your September issue.I was really fascinated by her English writing,such as“Students…and bidfarewell permanently,or temporarily to the campus life…before moving on tosummer,or career.”I would describe the article as lively,brief and vivid,and in-formative as well.本次专栏,让我们从一个新的侧面去观察和了解剑桥大学的校园生活。我们似乎能闻到他们厨房里的菜香和笑语,似乎能从俄罗斯的Vardim和奥地利的Tanja身上体验到世界的、人与人之间的巨大“落差”,从而引起读者或喜或悲、或远或近、或强或弱的联想。
