During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and pros...During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and prose,some of which have social attributes closely related to the development of Chinese Buddhism.An analysis reveals that the viewpoints and information conveyed in these poems,lyrics,and prose are positively correlated with the attitudes of the emperors towards Buddhism.When the attitude of the emperor towards Buddhism reached its peak of positivity during the Tang dynasty,there was a change towards a negative correlation with the viewpoints expressed in poetry.展开更多
As defined in a decree issued in the spring of 583,the three heads or sanzhang system,designed to be implemented chiefly in the old Northern Qi area in Shandong,basically followed the Northern Qi version of 564,with s...As defined in a decree issued in the spring of 583,the three heads or sanzhang system,designed to be implemented chiefly in the old Northern Qi area in Shandong,basically followed the Northern Qi version of 564,with slight modifications.With the setting up of a system of xiang heads(xiangzheng乡正)who would hear disputes among the common people,as recommended in Su Wei’s memorial of the same year,the judicial position of xiangzheng coexisted with the administrative positions of the three-heads(or two-heads)system.The xiangli(乡里)system announced in the edict of 589 targeted the territory previously under the Chen dynasty;it was basically a continuation of the xiangli system of rural control originally based on a Han dynasty model and followed since then in the south under the Eastern Jin and the Southern dynasties.With the reform of the bureaucratic system in 607,the xiangli system centered on xiangzheng and lizhang became the basic system of rural administration under the Sui dynasty.In the course of its design and creation,the system had to take into account the institutions already existing in the target area and the question of feasibility.Thus“inconsistency”or“regional variation”was built into the system.However,in actual practice there was a tendency toward convergence that led to uniformity of implementation.In Chinese history,the coexistence of regional variation and uniformity was a marked feature of the formation and implementation of different systems.展开更多
Ginkgo Biloba L.is a rare species endemic to China,strengthening the study of Ginkgo culture is of great significance to eco-economic development.This paper uses the historical research methods to study the Ginkgo and...Ginkgo Biloba L.is a rare species endemic to China,strengthening the study of Ginkgo culture is of great significance to eco-economic development.This paper uses the historical research methods to study the Ginkgo and its cultural development process in China.According to the characteristics of the development of Ginkgo culture,the process can be divided into three stages:Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Northern and Southern Dynasties(which is named theological era),Sui and Tang Dynasties to early Qing Dynasty(which is named the literature era),and the modern China which is named the scientific era.The history of Ginkgo culture is a history of Ginkgo being gradually recognized,and the Ginkgo culture's connotation and extension are gradually deepened and developed.The construction of Ginkgo today's culture should be in the inheritance of historical culture,and combined with the needs of the times comprehensive innovation,take the science and human harmonious development road.展开更多
基金北京市大学生创新训练项目-中国传统诗词文化中的“社交行为”研究,Serial NumberS202210015035北京大学生创新训练项目-大学生传统文化习得中的实践逻辑研究,Serial Number S200210015037北京市大学生创新训练项目-先秦子部“寓言”文本生成与传播路径研究,Serial Number S202210015036.
文摘During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and prose,some of which have social attributes closely related to the development of Chinese Buddhism.An analysis reveals that the viewpoints and information conveyed in these poems,lyrics,and prose are positively correlated with the attitudes of the emperors towards Buddhism.When the attitude of the emperor towards Buddhism reached its peak of positivity during the Tang dynasty,there was a change towards a negative correlation with the viewpoints expressed in poetry.
文摘As defined in a decree issued in the spring of 583,the three heads or sanzhang system,designed to be implemented chiefly in the old Northern Qi area in Shandong,basically followed the Northern Qi version of 564,with slight modifications.With the setting up of a system of xiang heads(xiangzheng乡正)who would hear disputes among the common people,as recommended in Su Wei’s memorial of the same year,the judicial position of xiangzheng coexisted with the administrative positions of the three-heads(or two-heads)system.The xiangli(乡里)system announced in the edict of 589 targeted the territory previously under the Chen dynasty;it was basically a continuation of the xiangli system of rural control originally based on a Han dynasty model and followed since then in the south under the Eastern Jin and the Southern dynasties.With the reform of the bureaucratic system in 607,the xiangli system centered on xiangzheng and lizhang became the basic system of rural administration under the Sui dynasty.In the course of its design and creation,the system had to take into account the institutions already existing in the target area and the question of feasibility.Thus“inconsistency”or“regional variation”was built into the system.However,in actual practice there was a tendency toward convergence that led to uniformity of implementation.In Chinese history,the coexistence of regional variation and uniformity was a marked feature of the formation and implementation of different systems.
基金Supported by the Public Welfare Project of Forestry (201004016)
文摘Ginkgo Biloba L.is a rare species endemic to China,strengthening the study of Ginkgo culture is of great significance to eco-economic development.This paper uses the historical research methods to study the Ginkgo and its cultural development process in China.According to the characteristics of the development of Ginkgo culture,the process can be divided into three stages:Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Northern and Southern Dynasties(which is named theological era),Sui and Tang Dynasties to early Qing Dynasty(which is named the literature era),and the modern China which is named the scientific era.The history of Ginkgo culture is a history of Ginkgo being gradually recognized,and the Ginkgo culture's connotation and extension are gradually deepened and developed.The construction of Ginkgo today's culture should be in the inheritance of historical culture,and combined with the needs of the times comprehensive innovation,take the science and human harmonious development road.
