Improvement of the Legal System for Addressing the Issue of Elderly Care in China in the Context of Population Aging

Rapid population aging is a social reality facing China at present,and the issue of elderly care has become a hot topic of social concern.Legislation to address the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging should follow systematic concepts to achieve“vertical and horizontal integration.”In terms of content,it is necessary to formulate specific legal approaches around“the elderly and children,”with a focus on guaranteeing the livelihood and protection of the rights of the elderly while taking into account childbirth,employment and other issues.the laws should not only safeguard the social participation and labor rights of the elderly,but also effectively respond to the social challenges brought about by the aging of the population.It is also necessary to optimize the family planning policy to ease the burden of child-raising,improve the population structure and promote the long-term balanced development of the population,thus fundamentally solving the problem of population aging.the effort to improve the legal system to deal with the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging will better advance Chinese modernization.

Does Parental Migration Affect Left-Behind Children’s Social Anxiety?A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Social anxiety is a common psychological problem among left-behind children(LBC)and has been a popular issue in recent years.Children with higher levels of social anxiety have more emotional and behavioral problems and are prone to negative life events.Although several studies have explored the differences in social anxiety between LBC and non-left-behind children(N-LBC),the findings have not been consistent.In this study,a systematic review and meta-analysis method was used,with 411 papers retrieved on October 01,2023,from Pubmed,Embase,Web of Science,and Chinese databases(CNKI,VIP,and Wanfang)(PROSPERO registry number:CRD42023472463).Twenty-one studies met the research criteria and included 11,254 LBC and 13,096 N-LBC.LBC scored significantly higher for social anxiety([WMD(95%CI):0.35[0.23,0.48],p<0.001])and social avoidance and distress([WMD(95%CI):0.35[0.23,0.48],p<0.001]).Subgroup analyses showed significant differences in effect sizes for the overall proportion of children left behind(p=0.02).In addition,different types of parental migration may influence the social anxiety of LBC,double-parent migration was associated higher social anxiety than father migration(p<0.001).Future research should focus on treatments to decrease social anxiety of left-behind children.These findings suggest that due to the long-term absence of parental migration,LBC are more vulnerable to negative emotional experiences and behaviours such as anxiety,distress,and avoidance during social interaction,especially for those with both parents absent from the home.Future research should focus on treatments to reduce social anxiety in LBC.

Parental Migration and the Academic Performance of Left-behind Children——Evidence from a Two-wave Panel Dataset of 10 Thousand Students in 5 Provinces in China

Since the 1990s, the large-scale migrant labor force from rural to urban areas has made great contributions to the growth in China. However, migration does not come without costs. The potential impacts of parental migration on the left-behind children have aroused wide concerns. Based on a two-wave panel dataset of nearly 10 thousand students in 166 schools from 13 counties in 5 provinces between 2014 and 2015, differences-in-differences （DID） and propensity score matching plus DID （PSMDID） approaches were used to examine the changes in academic performances before and after the parental out-migration. The results indicated that the mother only migration has a significant negative impact on the a- cademic performances of left-behind children, and it was especially true when the mother only migration lasted more than a semester. For left-behind children whose parents were out or only the father was out, their academic performances were not affected.

Migrating Lump in Abdomen—Ileo-Colo-Colic Intussusception Up to the Rectum with Hypermobile Caecum and Ascending Colon

In pediatric age group, Intussusception is the most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction. They present with the classic clinical triad of colicky abdominal pain, vomiting and bloody stools. But clinically very few patients (20%) present with this classical symptoms. This article highlights an importance of suspecting intussusception by physician and rare presentations of intussusception lump in abdomen in a child with abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms. Here a case reported of 16-year-old male child who presented with migrating lump in abdomen on and off with varied clinical presentation every time in single admission. Patient underwent laparotomy and manual reduction of intussusception was done. It is advisable to have high suspicion of intussusception while dealing with such cases.

Haptic Perception of Physical and Functional Properties of Table Tennis and Badminton Rackets in Children and Elderly

The haptic perception affords detection of the physical and functional properties of an instrument actively sustained.Fifty-seven children(8.82±0.38 years old)and 64 elderlies(71.3±4.46 years old)estimated the length and the distance of the center of percussion for two table tennis rackets and a badminton racket.The eigenvalues of each racket for length and distance from the wrist to the center of percussion were calculated.The present study confirmed the results obtained with field tennis rackets,extending them to table tennis and badminton rackets,and also to children.The elderlies preserved and children had the capacity of haptically detect physical and functional properties of table tennis and badminton rackets.The weight of the rackets affected properties estimations.The eigenvalues may be a valid tool for the definition of physical and functional properties of sport instruments,allowing better adjustment to different motor development stages.

Media as an Identity Negotiator Among ＂Swedish＂ Children in Athens and ＂Japanese＂ in London

With its transcultural perspective this paper looks at how families （i.e., parents and children） talk about children＇s identity and the importance of mothers＇ homeland media for the children, who are surrounded by a global popular media culture. Both studies used similar methods： interviews, participant observation, and photo-taking. The analysis shows the complexity of identity formation and the need to apply a contextual and relational perspective when wanting to understand the roles of media in the process of forming identity. The mothers＇ homeland media is an important construction tool in the process and helps the children not only with languages but also catch up with information about peers in mothers＇ homeland.

我国外出劳动力省际回流特征及其个体影响效应研究

非户籍地省际回流是回流返迁的重要构成,为了更加深入了解劳动力回流特征及其返迁后生活状况的变化,利用2017年全国流动人口监测调查数据(CMDS),探究我国外出劳动力非户籍地省际回流的特征,并使用倾向值得分匹配法(PSM)从经济收入与消费、家庭团聚、社会保障、社会归属感四个维度对其省际回流的个体影响效应进行评估。主要结果发现:第一,城镇地区是外出劳动力非户籍地省际回流的优先选择,其中县级城市的回流比例相对较低,非省会的地级市回流比例高于省会城市;中西部与东部地区的双向流动模式已初步显现;回流的家庭化特征明显,实现家庭团聚和寻求家庭稳定发展是流动人口的终极目标。第二,与跨省流动相比,省际回流后的劳动力收入水平显著降低,与配偶、子女居住的家庭化流动程度更高,社会医疗保险参与度和社会归属感得到明显的提升。此外,协变量中年龄、受教育年限与省际回流均呈现“倒U型”的关系;已婚、少数民族人口更容易回流;跨省流动时间越长和跨省时子女随迁的劳动力回流可能性越小。总体来看,家庭因素是整个回流决策中重要的影响因素,流动人口政策的制定要更多地考虑流动人口及其家庭成员的发展和福利保障;同时回流地区也要重视回流劳动力对地区发展的重要性,通过创业扶持和产业转型等方式为提升回流劳动力的收入水平和地区的发展创造更多的机会。

新生代农民工举家迁移对教育支出的影响研究

基于中国家庭追踪调查数据和实地调研发现:存在子女随迁现象的新生代农民工家庭均为举家迁移。举家迁移显著增加家庭教育支出,随迁子女数与家庭教育支出显著正相关。家中既有男孩又有女孩的举家迁移家庭教育支出显著增加,家中只有男孩的家庭教育支出显著高于家中只有女孩的家庭。相比中部和东部,西部新生代农民工举家迁移显著增加家庭教育支出。建议积极落实“两为主”“两纳入”“两统一”“同城化”等随迁子女教育政策,切实减轻农民工家庭教育负担;统筹义务教育资源均衡配置,努力缩小教育区域化差异;完善户籍制度和流动人口服务体系,衔接城乡有关社会保障与福利政策,促进农民工随迁家庭整体市民化。

城市义务教育入学门槛与流动人口子女随迁决策——人口流动新形势下的教育资源空间配置优化

在流动人口向城市群集聚的新形势下,城市群承担着创新公共服务均等化提供机制的重要责任。以长三角城市群为样本,基于政策文本研究各城市针对流动人口随迁子女设置的义务教育入学门槛,并定量分析其对流动人口子女随迁决策的影响。研究发现,各城市以材料准入制和积分入学制两种模式设置入学门槛,其高低并没有呈现从核心城市(上海)到中心城市(南京、杭州等)再到其他城市递减的趋势。义务教育入学门槛与子女随迁之间具有显著的负相关关系,高入学门槛城市比低入学门槛城市的流动人口子女随迁几率低55%,且这种关系在低收入流动人口群体中更加明显。为了构建人口流动新形势下的共享型教育体系,应当优化教育资源的空间配置:在理念上探索城市群教育资源统筹配置的思路,在制度上创新突破行政区划的教育公共服务提供机制,在技术上完善以常住人口为基础的义务教育资源规划布局。

婴童运动护具中异噻唑啉酮汗液迁移限值模型的构建

婴童的生理特征和行为模式与成人存在一定差异,导致其在使用相同类型产品时,对有害化学物质的暴露频率及暴露量远高于成人。因此,各国法规标准对婴童用品设置了有害化学物质的安全限值,用以保护最脆弱且敏感的婴童群体。异噻唑啉酮是一种能引起过敏性皮炎的强致敏性化合物,国内尚未设置其化学安全限值,国外也仅限于对其总含量的限制。为此,文中通过考察婴童的化学安全评估方法,总结现有化学安全限值模型,明确了构建限值模型的关键步骤。首先确定剂量反应数据;接着根据产品使用特征确定限值的量纲;然后基于量纲分析法,引入产品特征和人体行为模式参数,建立剂量反应数据与限值之间的联系。在此基础上,通过引入致敏阈值、总致敏评估因子、出汗率、运动时长构建了婴童运动护具中异噻唑啉酮汗液迁移限值模型。最后,结合婴童及产品特征选择合适的参数值,并应用该模型计算出3种异噻唑啉酮(MI、CMI和BIT)的迁移限值,分别为0.150、0.014和0.150 mg/L。该值拟在2023年底公布的国家标准《婴童用品日常运动防护器具通用技术要求》中被应用,用以保障婴童皮肤免受异噻唑啉酮的危害。

儿童雨衣中苯系物迁移特性影响因素分析

利用微量点滴法,通过顶空-气相色谱质谱联用仪试验得出儿童雨衣中五种苯系物的分配系数。通过有机物、环境、产品3个维度,多元分析有机物沸点、温度、相对湿度、材质、密度等因素对儿童雨衣中5种苯系物迁移特性的影响。结果表明:环境温度低于80℃时,儿童雨衣中苯系物在空气和雨衣中的分配系数在5.77~239之间,随着沸点、温度、湿度的增大,更多的苯系物释放到空气中,各物质分配系数均呈减小的趋势。雨衣材质和密度会影响苯系物的释放,其中密度影响较大。通过构建不同材质的雨衣产品分配系数与有机物沸点、温度、相对湿度、密度4个自变量的线性方程,得到回归系数分别为0.761、0.727、0.720、0.724,表明能被分配系数和4种自变量的多元回归方程所解释的比例最少为72%。

流动中的分离与团聚:家庭化流动对儿童人力资本的影响

家庭成员居住拆分成为中国人口迁移流动下的家庭发展新常态,流动儿童面临与家庭成员的分离与团聚。文章从流动家庭居住方式的视角探讨了家庭化流动对儿童人力资本的影响。研究发现,流动家庭聚合程度越高,流动儿童的认知能力和非认知能力越好。亲子分离对流动儿童人力资本产生负向效应,不与父母共同居住的流动儿童认知能力和非认知能力均显著滞后于与父母共同居住的流动儿童。同时,家庭化流动对儿童发展存在祖辈共居效应和同胞共居效应,与祖父母共同居住时流动儿童的认知测试得分和在校学业成绩显著更高,与兄弟姐妹共同居住时其认知测试得分更高且学校适应能力更好。流动时代的制度设计应当为家庭成员的举家团聚提供充分保障,减少流动过程中的家庭成员分离以及由此对儿童成长发展带来的负面影响。

穴位贴敷联合小儿热速清颗粒治疗儿童流行性感冒

目的探讨穴位贴敷联合小儿热速清颗粒治疗儿童流行性感冒的疗效及对血清巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB-1)的影响。方法选择流行性感冒患儿99例,按随机数表法分为对照组、观察1组、观察2组,各33例。对照组静脉滴注帕拉米韦氯化钠注射液,观察1组在对照组基础上口服小儿热速清颗粒,观察2组在观察1组基础上行穴位贴敷。3组均治疗1周。比较治疗1周后3组临床疗效,症状消失时间,治疗前和治疗1周后的血清MIF、SAA、HMGB-1水平及治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。结果治疗1周后,观察2组总有效率(93.94%,31/33)高于观察1组(75.76%,25/33)、对照组(51.52%,17/33)(P<0.05),观察1组高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组、观察1组、观察2组咽痛消失、发热消失、体温恢复正常、咳嗽消失、鼻卡他/鼻塞消失及流涕消失时间呈逐渐缩短趋势(P<0.05)。治疗1周后,3组血清MIF、SAA、HMGB-1水平与治疗前比较均降低,对照组、观察1组、观察2组血清MIF、SAA、HMGB-1水平呈逐渐降低趋势(P<0.05)。3组治疗期间的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论小儿热速清颗粒可有效促进流感患儿相关症状缓解,减轻患儿机体炎症反应,提高治疗效果;小儿热速清颗粒基础上联用穴位贴敷治疗效果更佳,且安全性良好。

子女随迁对流动人口主观幸福感异质性影响及作用机制探析

基于中国流动人口数据,采用分层排序模型研究子女随迁与流动人口主观幸福感。研究发现:子女随迁提升了流动人口的主观幸福感,但子女随迁对主观幸福感的影响具有异质性;子女随迁对流动人口主观幸福感提升的内在作用机制是城市身份认同感。为此,政府须将流动人口家庭化迁徙纳入政策考量范畴,注重不同特征流动人口的差异化诉求,为流动人口融入城市创造良好制度环境,以提升流动人口主观幸福感。

标准化认知干预对重症转出患儿家属的迁移应激影响

目的:分析在儿童重症监护室转出患儿的干预中,对患儿家属实施标准化认知行为干预,对于家属迁移应激反应、照顾者负担水平的改善价值。方法:选取2023年1月至10月期间蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院儿童监护病房收治的80例转出患儿家属为观察对象,均分为对照组与观察组,对照组对患儿家属进行常规宣教,观察组实施认知行为干预,评价两组患儿家属的心理状态、迁移应激水平、照护负担水平。结果:观察组患者护理后HAMA、HAMD低于对照组,自我效能评分与依从性评分高于对照组(P<0.05);相较于对照组,生活改变、社交支持、情感反应、应对策略评分,观察组更低(P<0.05);干预后,观察组照顾者客观负担量表各维度表达较低(P<0.05)。结论:在儿童重症监护室转出患儿的干预中,对患儿家属实施标准化认知行为干预可显著改善家属迁移应激反应、照顾者负担水平,具有重要应用价值。

羟基化多壁碳纳米管固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定儿童面霜中13种内分泌干扰物迁移量

建立了测定儿童面霜中13种内分泌干扰物迁移量的分析方法。样品经氨水/乙腈溶液(1∶9,V/V)超声提取,提取液稀释后经羟基化多壁碳纳米管固相萃取柱富集和净化,采用液相色谱-串联质谱负离子模式进行分析,基质外标法定量。在最优实验条件下,13种内分泌干扰物在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.9915~0.9996,检出限为0.3~1.5μg/kg,定量限为1.0~5.0μg/kg,在高、中、低3个加标水平下,13种内分泌干扰物的加标回收率为81.5%~109.4%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~9.2%。该方法操作简单、选择性好、检出限低,适用于儿童面霜中内分泌干扰物迁移量的测定。

Living together with children and elderly:the impact of family structure on the consumption of migrants and residents in urban China

Using data from the first wave of the“China Family Dynamic Survey”conducted in 2014,this study compares the impact on consumption of the presence of children or elderly people in migrant households and to that in urban resident households,and then examines the extent to which lack of access to public services might explain the differences in consumption patterns that do exist.The results indicate that migrant households with infants and toddlers increase their consumption of healthcare services,while those with preschool children increase their consumption of educational services.Migrant households with elderly members significantly increase their consumption of healthcare services.The comparison of migrant households with urban resident households shows that there are considerable differences between migrant households and urban resident households in terms of how educational and healthcare expenditures are affected by the presence of children and elderly.The differences grow out of a huge gap in the accessibility of low-cost,subsidized public preschool education and government-funded health insurance programs.

My Plan for the Summer Holidays

Hello,everyone!I’d like to talk about my plan for the summer holidays.I’d like to visit some homes for the elderly.These old people live there without their children.They need more people to look after them.I’ll talk with them and I hope I can make them less lonely.And I would

Update on the use of portable monitoring system for the diagnosis of sleep apnea in specific population

The prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is higher in specific population: children, elderly,obese and patients with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, compared to the general population. OSA is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in these patients. Although full-night polysomnography is still the gold standard diagnostic sleep study for OSA, it is a time consuming, expensive and technically demanding exam. Over the last few years, there is growing evidence on the use of portable monitors(PM) as an alternative for the diagnosis of OSA. These devices were developed specially for sleep evaluation at home, at a familiar environment, with easy selfapplication of monitoring, unattended. The use of PM is stablished for populations with high pre-test probability of OSA. However, there is a lack of studies on the use of PM in age extremes and patients with comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to present the studies that evaluated the use of PM in specific population, as well as to describe the advantages, limitations and applications of these devices in this particular group of patients. Although the total loss rate of recordings is variable in different studies, the agreement with fullnight polysomnography justifies the use of PM in this population.

老年家庭照料者的压力与支持政策体系研究

在人口老龄化程度加剧与家庭结构变迁的共同影响下,形成了老年家庭照料需求激增与家庭照料功能弱化并存的局面。作为老年家庭照料的主要提供者,成年子女在生理、心理、时间、职业、经济和交往等诸多方面承受多元的照料压力,面临着长期照料事件不可逆转、角色冲突难以平衡兼顾、传统性别分工差异固化和外部社会力量支持不足等窘境,迫切需要行之有效的政策支持。受制于政策理念滞后、目标局限、布局偏差和执行掣肘等因素影响,现有支持政策在政策客体、政策内容和政策效果等方面亟待调整。为此,构建完善的老年家庭照料支持政策体系,应坚持家国一体共治合力、动态调整阶段性目标、注重权利与义务相统一的基本原则;遵循政策目标从基础型向发展型过渡、政策内容覆盖范围从特殊性向普惠性扩大、性别观念从差异化向平等化转变的价值导向;持续推进建立需求评估制度、完善顶层设计、丰富政策主题、强调政策落实。