Alienation of Rural Cooperative Finance and the Innovation of Financial Organization in China

Based on the elaboration of the content and status of rural cooperative finance, rural cooperative finance--the alienation of rural credit cooperative is introduced from three aspects of the concept and objective of management, the organizational form and management mode, and the service object and business scope. Causes of alienation are analyzed. Firstly, change in the economic foundation of cooperative finance is the fundamental reasons for the alienation. Secondly, mandatory system change led by the government is an important reason for alienation. Thirdly, property and administration structure of rural credit cooperative are the internal reasons for alienation of agricultural support. To achieve the innovation of rural cooperative financial organization, the following aspects should be done: cultivating the basis for rural cooperative economy, further promoting the reform of rural credit cooperatives (innovating a variety of property rights modes; making clear definition of ownership; implementing the internal governance structure), introducing competition in the field of rural cooperative finance, and homing function of government and rural cooperative finance.

Positioning for the Development of New Rural Financial Organizations

Based on regional differences,differences in the content and scale of economic activities,we analyze different levels of rural financial needs in China,using the system analysis method.Different types of financial need subject have characteristics of diversity and hierarchy in terms of financial needs,in need of different credit patterns and credit mechanisms for satisfaction.Based on this,we position the differentiated development of new rural financial organizations as follows:village and town banks should be established in the central and west regions and counties with the proportion of primary industry higher than the national average,to actively innovate upon loan types,support maintenance-oriented farmers, market-oriented farmers and small and medium-sized agriculture-related enterprises;loan companies and small loan companies can be established in the regions with the potential for development,lacking collaboration between economy and finance,to constantly explore the loan types and innovate upon the loan patterns for self-employed households,micro-enterprises and farmers;it is appropriate to establish rural credit union in the poverty-stricken areas with sluggish economic development and relatively isolated remote areas,to provide services for farmers and micro-enterprises, especially impoverished farmers,provide the business such as deposits,loans,and settlement for members,actively carry out business consulting services for members'poverty alleviation and income increase.

The Value Orientation of the Legal System Innovation in Rural Financial Organizations in China

The process of new-type urbanization in China has changed the rural financial demand pattern,for which the peasant household is the subject,and caused its financial demand to change and increase at the same time. As the subject of the rural financial supply, rural financial organizations have to accelerate their institutional innovation and innovation of financial products and services,only through which can they break the financial bottleneck in the process of urbanization. Legislation is the only route for the rural financial organizational system construction and perfection in China. The formation of legal system of rural financial organizations is influenced by factors such as politics,economy and system,as well as the real demand of the rural financial subject,so the value orientation takes on a paradoxical movement of coexistence,competition and integration,which is in great need of more value consensus through system practice and enhancement of management concept for rural financial organizations.

Advances in Studies about Rural Financial Poverty Alleviation from the Perspective of Targeted Poverty Alleviation

With the objective of building a well-off society in an all-round way reaching the decisive stage,poverty alleviation enters the final stage,and rural financial poverty alleviation is increasingly becoming a hot topic of various circles of society. In order to accelerate the poverty alleviation and provide references and recommendations for further development of theory and practice of financial poverty alleviation,this paper made an overview of the organization system,operation mechanism and service products of rural financial poverty alleviation,elaborated the development path of financial poverty alleviation,and came up with recommendations for financial poverty alleviation.

Development of New Rural Cooperative Economic Organizations from the Perspective of Institutional Analysis

Appearance of new rural cooperative economic organizations is the result of institutional change and also important institutional arrangement and innovation promoting rural development of China. At present,development of rural cooperative economic organizations is faced with problems of unsmooth operation and management mechanism,lack of supervision mechanism,internal system defect and imperfect law,weak policy support,and imperfect financial system. In this situation,government should take due responsibility from improving legal system,strengthening policy support,deepening rural market reform,and improving rural financial system.

Profits and Costs of the Development of Rural Cooperative Economic Organizations

Through analyzing the economic profits of rural cooperative economic organizations,the following conclusions are obtained.The rural cooperative economic organizations can get the economic profits which are in accordance with the demands of market-oriented economy.The rural cooperative economic organizations can benefit from sharing the knight service provided by the government;from reducing and avoiding various kinds of risks in operation and from applying the agricultural technology and standardization production.Besides,the organizations can share the profits bought along by the standardized production of agricultural production and their members can enjoy the profits bought by socialized service system.In addition,the rural cooperative economic organizations can enjoy the profits produced by the agricultural management integration strategy.What' more,they can increase profits by reducing the transaction costs;enlarging scale and enjoying the brand advantages.The analyses of the costs of the development of rural cooperative economic organizations mainly include the organizing costs,operation costs,restriction costs and cooperation costs.We think that the slow development of rural cooperative economic organizations is caused by their high operation cost and the impediment of external environment.In the end,the countermeasures on strengthening the research on the theory,promotion,education and training of rural economic cooperative organizations and intensifying the supports on the policies of rural economic cooperative organizations are put forward.

Management Results and Financial Status of Rural Collective Economy under the Background of Rural Revitalization

Based on the analysis of financial statements,the performance and problems of rural collective economic organizations in their business activities were analyzed.It is believed that rural collective economy was developing continuously in a good way,with strong debt paying ability,but the operation ability and management efficiency need to be further improved.The operation was too conservative,and the asset utilization efficiency and profitability were weak.There were many unnecessary liabilities,and they developed mainly relying on their own accumulation.Therefore,it is proposed to crack the"talent dilemma"of rural collective economic operation and management,straighten out and clarify the relationship between rural collective economic organizations and villagers self-governing organizations,correctly handle the relationship between collective accumulation and member distribution,adhere to the financial input of blood replenishment and transfusion,and make liabilities reasonable according to the management development.

Financial Support for Farmers' Cooperative Organizations——A Case of Yunan Province,China

In the paper,the status quo of the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in Yunnan Province is introduced.And then a series of problems exist in the financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Yunnan is analyzed,covering the unitary mainstay of credit and loan supply;inadequate credit and loan supply caused by famers' lack of security and mortgage;farmers' difficulties in loaning from banks or other financial institutions;single financial service,which can not satisfy the demands of farmers;the private loans are active while lacks right direction and guide;the outflow of capital in rural areas has limited the development of rural economy.In view of the above mentioned problems,countermeasures and relevant suggestions are put forward,namely increasing the subjects of the loan and credit supply and expanding the financing channels.Therefore,the spheres of business of the Agricultural Development Bank of China should be expanded.Besides,the support from Agricultural Bank of China for rural construction should be strengthened and the major role played by rural credit cooperatives in rural finance should be enforced.In addition,the innovation of financial products should be highlighted;the appearance of private financing should be allowed;financial support from the government should be increased and the preferential policies for taxes and fees should be implemented.

Performance Evaluation of Rural Cooperative Economic Organizations in Hunan Province Based on Structural Equation

Using the method of structural equation and balanced scorecard,this paper establishes the evaluation indicators and evaluation model for the performance of 21 rural cooperative economic organizations in X City of Hunan Province,and analyzes the relationship between indicators and dimensions of performance evaluation indicators,in order to find the influencing factors,obstacles and successful experience concerning the development of rural cooperative economic organizations. According to model analysis and conclusions,this paper sets forth the recommendations for promoting the development of rural cooperative economic organizations in Hunan Province,in order to provide a scientific basis for the institutional design and mechanism innovation of rural cooperative economic organizations in Hunan Province.

Rural Cooperative Economic Organized United Association: A Case Study of Baoding City of Hebei Province

Taking its development in Baoding City as an example, we introduced service fields of rural cooperative economic organized united association. It mainly includes setting up service platform and providing scientific and technological services; organizing economic and trade negotiation and exchange, and promoting farmer-supermarket partnership; providing financial services and solving fund-raising problems. In line with these fields, we analyzed existing problems: (i) regional development is unbalanced and organization lacks internal connection; (ii) the development in some counties (cities) is to be improved, and the promotion effect is not significant; (iii) there is shortage of talent and the innovation strength is not enough; and (iv) it lacks system and management lacks restriction mechanism. Finally, we put forward countermeasures and recommendations: strengthen propaganda and cultivate farmers' cooperative awareness; incorporate rural cooperative economic organized united association into formal system arrangement, and absorb professional talents; innovate upon organization system of rural cooperative economic organized united association and improve service methods; improve internal operating mechanism and innovate upon working contents of rural cooperative economic organized united association at new development background.

农村集体经济组织成员资格认定的逻辑脉络及其展开

农村集体经济组织成员资格认定是农村集体产权制度改革的基础性工作,集体所有权主体的确定是该问题研究的逻辑起点。集体所有权不具有共有和总有等所有权构造类型的特征,同时投资关系说和类比国有资本授权经营体制论都不能对农村集体经济组织的产生渊源进行合理解释。在民法规范语境下,应将农村集体经济组织确定为集体所有权主体。就成员资格和成员权利的关系而言,两者相伴而生,成员资格实质上是从权利主体角度对成员权的描述,为成员权在主体面向的表达。基于此,集体成员资格认定的法律实质是对农民所享有的集体经济组织成员权予以确权。我国农村传统经营方式决定了农户是基本经营单位,从逻辑上应当将家庭成员与以家庭为单位取得权益的关系确定为按份共有,集体经济组织成员权主体应为集体经济组织成员而非农户。城乡二元体制导致户籍这一本质上与成员权利取得不具因果关系的因素被纳入认定标准之中,其证明作用不应被忽视。在传统路径下,应构建以出生事实为核心、其他亲缘关系为辅助的主体判断路径,同时明确列举其他除外情形,形成正反双向的认定机制。在农村集体产权制度改革背景下,基于股权类型设置,集体固有成员与股份经济合作社股东在范围上并非完全一致,未来应以恢复农村集体经济组织和集体成员权的私法属性为目标,分阶段对农村集体经济组织成员权制度进行渐进性改革。

农村集体经济组织中集体资产股份的规范路径

2021年农村集体产权制度改革基本完成前后,大量内置集体资产股份作为收益分配依据、以股份经济合作社命名的农村集体经济组织登记成立。但是,2024年《中华人民共和国农村集体经济组织法》创新性地以经营性财产收益权份额作为集体收益分配的基本依据,并规定已经登记的农村集体经济组织及其名称在登记证书有效期限内继续有效,由此引发集体资产股份未来的存续空间和规范路径问题。登记证书有效期限届满后,农村集体经济组织中资产股份的规范路径,应当优先选择将资产股份改为收益权份额的替代路径,慎重选择将资产股份外置于农村集体经济组织出资企业的外置路径,以将登记证书有效期限续期使资产股份规则部分有效的内置路径作为备选路径;外置路径中将成员股直接外置于农村集体经济组织出资企业,不如将成员股改为农村集体经济组织出资企业中的集体股。优先选择路径中应当完善收益权份额量化、权能、管理等制度构造;备选路径中应当矫正资产股份固化、继承权能、外部投资等制度规范。登记证书有效期限届满前,应允许提前改变资产股份的现行内置规范路径。

农村合作组织与资源主体关系的建构路径研究——基于资源依赖理论

农村合作组织作为新型农业经营主体之一,发展资金、产业链建设等资源大部分依赖于外部环境。事实上,农村合作组织获得资源情况和处理资源能力都与后续良性发展紧密相连。基于资源依赖理论分析发现,农村合作组织作为一个开放性组织,与组织内部精英和外部政府、企业三个资源主体的互动都呈现出非对称性依赖关系。改善农村合作组织单方面的强依赖关系,可以通过完善权力运行制度、提高资源转化能力、构建规模联盟体系充分激发农村合作组织内生发展活力,由非对称性依赖变为对称性依赖,形成共生性互依共同推动其实现高质量发展。

合作经济组织何以促进乡村共同富裕——基于对浙江省“三位一体”农合联的考察

合作经济组织是实现乡村共同富裕的重要载体。浙江省“三位一体”农合联是合作经济组织的地域新形态,内含着习近平总书记“三位一体”综合合作的重要论述,符合社会主义生产力发展的根本目的,更好适应了分散农户对接大市场的现实需求,有利于促进农民与现代农业有效衔接。在价值功能上,浙江省“三位一体”农合联有利于促进农业产业化、分配均等化和服务普惠化。在实践路径上,浙江省“三位一体”农合联通过服务带共富、合作带共富、改革带共富、数字带共富以及融合带共富等路径,优化了乡村资源供给、提高了农民组织程度、提升了农民共富能力。新阶段,浙江省“三位一体”农合联应加快构建完备的为农服务体系,构建合理的利益分配机制,提升平台资源承接整合能力,形成乡村共富主体广泛参与和集体行动,扎实推进乡村共同富裕的实现。

农村集体经济组织法中的四对基本关系

农村集体经济组织与村民委员会是《民法典》上规定的两类彼此明确区分的特别法人。不过,在《农村集体经济组织法》出台之后,《村民委员会组织法》应做相应修改,删去其中与村民委员会经济职能相关的内容。农村集体经济组织与公司制、农民专业合作社、供销合作社等其他农村合作经济组织有着本质区别,不宜将这些农村合作经济组织纳入《农村集体经济组织法》的调整范围。在农民集体与农村集体经济组织之间构成多元且统一关系的基础上,农村集体经济组织仅仅只是集体财产所有权的行使代表,集体财产仍然归属本集体成员集体所有,以此确立《农村集体经济组织法》的立法依据和根本定位。集体成员与农村集体经济组织成员并不同一,其资格认定标准和成员权内容也存在差异。集体成员资格认定标准是户籍要素或者居住要素,而农村集体经济组织成员资格以同时具备户籍要素、权利义务关系要素和基本生活保障要素为认定标准。

数字普惠金融对农村家庭生活质量的影响研究

以马斯洛需求层次理论为指导,建立主客观相结合的生活质量评价指标体系,分析数字普惠金融对我国农村家庭生活质量的影响及农民合作社的中介作用。研究发现,数字普惠金融能显著提高农村居民家庭生活质量,其三个子维度也具有显著正向效应,其中数字化程度效应最明显。异质性分析发现,数字普惠金融对农村家庭生活质量的提高效应呈“U”型,且对家庭负担较重的农村家庭生活质量提高效应更强。作用机制分析发现,数字普惠金融能够通过优化农民合作社经营方式、提升合作社经营质量提高农村家庭生活质量,且优化经营方式的作用更明显。提出进一步发展数字普惠金融,鼓励农民合作社开展实体加工、电子商务、休闲农业和乡村旅游等业务,完善农民合作社利益分配制度等建议。

社工组织与志愿组织互助建构式联动治理的逻辑及进路

社工组织和志愿组织以独特的组织效能和专业优势在社会发展中具有重要作用。外生型志愿组织参与乡村治理面临情景合法性缺失、乡村融入掣肘、资源获取障碍、社会关系拓展受阻等问题,导致志愿服务失灵。社工组织和志愿组织基于共同的职业愿景和趋同的价值理念通过联合入场、主体共建、行动赋能和结构再造促进志愿创新、社工增效与乡村发展。社工组织与志愿组织以互利互信机制维护价值系统、以互构互补机制建构目标系统、以互助互动机制优化行动系统,共同构成互助建构式联动。这种联动机制解释了不同治理主体和要素之间有组织的合作行动的具体过程及因果逻辑和程序,为社会组织和群团组织参与乡村治理提供了实践经验和理论模型。

金融改革对中国与上合组织其他成员国双边贸易的影响研究

基于利用熵权法构造的相对金融改革指数和2002—2022年中国与上海合作组织其他成员国双边贸易的面板数据,建立扩展的引力模型,实证分析了金融改革对中国与上海合作组织其他成员国双边贸易的影响。基准回归结果显示:金融改革会显著促进中国与上海合作组织其他成员国的进口贸易和出口贸易,相对金融改革指数每提升1%,中国对上海合作组织其他成员国的进口贸易额提升约0.672%,出口贸易额提升约0.576%。此外,中国相对上海合作组织其他成员国的贸易自由度越高,越有利于双方进出口贸易的发展,上海合作组织各成员国人均GDP的提升会促进中国对其他成员国的进口和出口。

农业合作化时期山西农村基层党组织建设探析

中国共产党领导的农业合作化运动是新中国成立以来一次重要的土地变革。山西通过严明入党标准,进行思想教育,完善制度建设,提升了党员质量,筑牢了思想防线,加强了制度规制。对农业合作化时期山西农村基层党组织建设进行探析,对于新时代加强党的基层组织建设,推进乡村振兴战略向纵深发展具有重要意义。

秭归“幸福村落”治理模式探析——基于“乡贤+三治”融合的视角

乡村治理是国家治理的基石,在社会急剧转型与经济快速发展时期,为有效应对乡村发展困境,各地积极探索创新乡村治理模式。湖北秭归的“幸福村落”建设取得了显著成效的同时也存在诸多问题,近年来兴起的以浙江桐乡为代表的“乡贤+三治”融合模式为秭归“幸福村落”建设提供了新的视角和经验借鉴。该文在对秭归“幸福村落”建设现状、成效及存在的问题分析的基础上,借鉴“乡贤+三治”融合治理模式的经验,对秭归“幸福村落”治理模式提出优化落实治理主体参与乡村治理,推动自治组织的组织化运作,用好柔性力量以及动态监控实施效果,确保基层治理机制长期有效运转的优化路径。