Oral health status of Chinese residents and suggestions for prevention and treatment strategies

Objective:To understand the oral health status of urban and rural residents in China,the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey (FNOHES) was conducted in 2015.Materials and methods:Based on the principles of multi-stage,stratified,equal capacity,and random sampling,the subjects included five groups of residents aged 3-5,12-15,35-44,55-64,and 65-74 years in all 31 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions except Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan.The total sample size was 172,425.The survey covered two areas,namely oral health status and knowledge,attitude and oral health behavior.Results:Residents in China had serious caries and poor periodontal condition.The prevalence of caries was above 50% in all age groups,subjects without periodontal disease accounted for <50%,and fewer than 50% of subjects brushed their teeth twice a day.Based on the results of the FNOHES,the following suggestions were proposed for improving the oral health in China in the future:to establish and improve the comprehensive prevention and control system for oral diseases,implement a comprehensive prevention and control strategy for priority groups,strengthen the oral health education for all people to improve oral health literacy,enhance dynamic monitoring to scientifically evaluate oral health status,and coordinate multi-party resources to establish and improve the oral health service security system.Conclusion:The oral health status of Chinese residents and their oral health behavior habits need to be improved.With the support of the administrative departments of the government and unremitting efforts of the oral health staff,all sectors of society must be coordinated to strengthen oral health education for the whole population.Furthermore,comprehensive prevention and control measures must be implemented for priority groups.

Oral health in China-trends and challenges

For a long time, oral disease is one of the major problems of the public health for its high prevalence and incidence throughout the world, which is especially true for low-income populations. Since China＇s economic reform in 1978, great changes have taken place in China. These changes have significant impact on and have been reflected in oral disease trends in China. This paper provides an overview and assessment of the oral health status in China. It focuses on changes in the nation＇s demographic profile, in the marketplace, the oral disease status and trends. The paper also suggests some possible measures and strategies for bettering oral health in future China.

Data mining in clinical big data:the frequently used databases,steps,and methodological models

Many high quality studies have emerged from public databases,such as Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER),National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES),The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),and Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care(MIMIC);however,these data are often characterized by a high degree of dimensional heterogeneity,timeliness,scarcity,irregularity,and other characteristics,resulting in the value of these data not being fully utilized.Data-mining technology has been a frontier field in medical research,as it demonstrates excellent performance in evaluating patient risks and assisting clinical decision-making in building disease-prediction models.Therefore,data mining has unique advantages in clinical big-data research,especially in large-scale medical public databases.This article introduced the main medical public database and described the steps,tasks,and models of data mining in simple language.Additionally,we described data-mining methods along with their practical applications.The goal of this work was to aid clinical researchers in gaining a clear and intuitive understanding of the application of data-mining technology on clinical big-data in order to promote the production of research results that are beneficial to doctors and patients.

上海市1296名3~5岁儿童龋病及其相关危险因素分析

目的:了解上海市3~5岁儿童低龄儿童龋患病情况及相关危险因素,为龋病防治提供参考。方法:根据第4次全国口腔健康流行病学调查要求,采用多阶段分层、等容量随机抽样方法,抽取上海市1296名4个区、12个幼儿园中3~5岁儿童进行龋病检查,对其家长进行口腔健康知识问卷调查。采用SPSS 21.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果:上海市3~5岁儿童的乳牙患龋率、龋均分别为58.07%、2.99,各年龄组及性别间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。龋病相关单因素分析及多因素Logistics回归分析均显示,饮用甜饮料频率高、睡前吃甜食、刷牙频率少于每天1次、开始刷牙年龄大于2岁、家长受教育程度低及口腔健康知识水平差是患龋的危险因素。结论:上海市3~5岁儿童乳牙患龋率较高,加强儿童的饮食习惯及口腔卫生行为教育,提高家长口腔健康知识水平,是防治儿童龋病的有效途径。

辽宁省12～15岁人群恒牙患龋情况抽样调查报告(2015—2016年)

目的了解辽宁省12～15岁人群恒牙龋病状况,为辽宁省口腔健康保健工作及相关研究提供数据支持。方法采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取辽宁省12、13、14、15岁城乡常住人口共3836人。按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案的牙列检查方法和标准,使用社区牙周指数(CPI)探针检查全口恒牙冠龋患情况。计算患龋率、龋均、充填率、患龋牙位及窝沟封闭情况,并比较存在的差异。结果辽宁省12、13、14和15岁人群患龋率分别为53.2%、49.7%、53.7%和56.6%,12岁年龄组与14岁年龄组差异无统计学意义,其余各年龄组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);龋均分别为1.45、1.56、1.67和1.85,随着年龄增加而增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患龋率和龋均两项指标城乡间比较,农村高于城市,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别间比较,女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与2005年第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查结果相比,12岁人群患龋率和龋均均升高。结论辽宁省12～15岁人群患龋率和龋均高于全国平均水平,农村高于城市,女性高于男性,需进一步加强相关人群的口腔预防保健措施。

辽宁省3～5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况抽样调查报告(2015—2016年)

目的了解辽宁省3~5岁儿童乳牙龋病状况,为辽宁省口腔健康保健工作及相关研究提供数据支持。方法依照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案要求,抽取辽宁省3、4、5岁常住学龄前儿童共计1294人,计算患龋率和龋均并比较存在的差异。结果 3~5岁儿童龋均分别为3.64、5.13、6.33,各年龄组的城乡差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),城市儿童龋均显著低于乡村儿童;患龋率分别为64.0%、78.4%、88.0%,乡村高于城市,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论辽宁省3~5岁儿童乳牙龋病患龋情况较严重,乡村人群是龋病预防的重点人群。

辽宁省35～74岁人群牙周及余留牙情况抽样调查报告(2015—2016年)

目的了解辽宁省35～74岁人群牙周及余留牙状况,为辽宁省口腔健康保健工作及相关研究提供数据支持。方法依照第四次全国口腔流行病学调查方案,随机抽取4个县区,利用PPS方法抽取年龄段35～44岁、55～64岁、65～74岁城乡人群的常住人口各144人(调查过程中35～44岁年龄组失访1人),检查牙周及余留牙情况,并比较存在的差异。结果辽宁省35～44岁、55～64岁、65～74岁人群牙周袋检出率分别为51.05%、57.64%、56.94%,男性检出率高于女性,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);附着丧失检出率分别为46.15%、74.31%、75.69%,男性检出率均高于女性,农村检出率高于城市,仅35～44岁年龄组的城乡差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05),其余各组城乡、男女比较的差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05)。义齿修复方面,35～44岁年龄组农村人群的固定义齿修复率(34.72%)高于城市(16.9%),差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);农村可摘义齿修复率(4.17%)及非正规义齿修复率(1.39%)高于城市,但差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。55～64岁年龄组缺失牙未修复情况比较,农村(22.22%)低于城市(34.72%),但农村的非正规义齿修复所占比例较高(9.72%)。65～74岁年龄组固定义齿修复率为39.58%,较2005年增加18.5%。结论辽宁省中老年人群牙周疾病患病率较高,仍需进一步加大防治力度。