Sustainable livelihood security in Odisha, India: A district level analysis

Sustainable livelihood security(SLS) is an integrating framework that encompasses current concerns and policy requirements for ecological, social, and economic dimensions of sustainable development. It carries particular importance for developing economies. This study intends to verify the relative status of SLS of the 30 districts in Odisha, which is a backward state in eastern India. In this study, a total of 22 relevant indicators relating to the three components of SLS—ecological security, social equity, and economic efficiency have been taken, based on various kinds of government reports. The principal component analysis(PCA) was used to ascertain the indicators and the importance of each of them to the corresponding component of SLS. The ecological security index(ESI), social equity index(SEI), economic efficiency index(EEI), and composite sustainable livelihood security index(CSLSI) of each district of Odisha were calculated through the min-max normalization technique. The results revealed that there are wide variations in SLS among the districts of Odisha. In this study, the districts are categorized into four levels based on the scores of ESI, SEI, EEI, and CSLSI as very low(<0.400), low(0.400–0.549), medium(0.550–0.700), and high(>0.700). According to the classification result of CSLSI, 2 districts are found to be in the very low category, 20 districts are under the low sustainability category, 8 districts are in the medium category, and none of the districts are found to be in the high sustainability category. The district of Sambalpur ranks the highest with a CSLSI score of 0.624. The bottom five districts are Gajapati, Bolangir, Nabarangpur, Kandhamal, and Malkangiri, having the CSLSI scores of 0.438, 0.435, 0.406, 0.391, and 0.344, respectively. The result of this study suggests that region-specific, systematic, and proactive approaches are desirable for balanced development in Odisha. Further, policy intervention is required to implement more inclusive tribal welfare policies.

Rural households’livelihood responses to industry-based poverty alleviation as a sustainable route out of poverty

Industrialization is one way to achieve a sustainable route out of poverty.During the implementation of industry-based poverty alleviation projects,rural households’livelihood responses to change are crucial.A stronger livelihood response is conducive to multidimensional poverty relief due to industry-based poverty alleviation projects.Effective poverty alleviation can also stimulate stronger household responses.There is a positive cycle between livelihood response and multidimensional poverty relief effects that can help achieve sustainable poverty alleviation goals.Using a synergistic perspective on the relationship between“people–industry–land”,this paper explains the poverty alleviation logic connecting livelihood response,multidimensional poverty relief,and sustainable routes out of poverty by constructing a four-dimensional livelihood response measurement system with three elements of intensity.We analyzed survey data collected from 2363 households from 4 sample counties in 4 contiguous poverty-stricken areas,and measured and compared the characteristics of rural households’livelihood responses and the factors influencing poverty alleviation projects.Rural households’livelihood responses in four sample counties were moderate.The four dimensions of responses were ranked as livelihood strategy response,livelihood space response,livelihood output response,and livelihood capital response.The three intensities indicated that the perception and willingness elements of livelihood response were very similar,but there was a big gap between those elements and livelihood response actions.At the group level,poor households had higher and more consistent livelihood response than non-poor households.External environment factors(such as location,industry type,village organizational ability,and village atmosphere)and internal family factors(such as resource endowment,income sources,health,education,labor quantity,policy trust,credit availability,and social networks)had a significant impact on households’livelihood response.However,this impact varied across different dimensions and had different intensities.This paper proposes a multidimensional poverty relief mechanism and suggests sustainable routes out of poverty.

Impacts of livelihood assets on livelihood security in drought-prone Gamo lowlands of southwest Ethiopia

Livelihood assets are a matter of high concern for secured survival.Drought-prone Gamo lowland households have differential access to livelihood resources which indicates the varying capacity of resisting to shocks.The main objective of this study is to explore the impacts of livelihood assets on livelihood security in the drought-prone Gamo lowlands.Multistage sampling procedures were employed to select the study sites and sample respondents.Primary data of households’capital assets and livelihood security status were produced from 285 survey households,agricultural experts,key informants,focus group discussants,and field observation through transect walks.Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data,whereas discussions and annotations were employed for analyzing qualitative data.The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework is used with modifications to schematize the study conceptually.The findings indicated that the study households possessed combinations of livelihood resources differentially.Financial and natural capitals were found to be the most deficient and better-accessed capitals,respectively.The study also showed that lowland residents’access to assets has significant indications of livelihood security.Households’poor access to assets such as financial,information,and social capital demands raised attention of the concerned stakeholders and policy debates in the drought-prone rural setup.Hence,it has been concluded that the more assets are accessed,the stronger the capacity of the households to resist shocks,and better the livelihood security.Accordingly,enhancing people’s access to multiple livelihood assets is suggested to sustainably secure livelihoods.

基于城市更新的工业遗产公园生态系统文化服务研究——以中山岐江公园与北京首钢公园为例

工业遗产公园建设是我国城市更新工作的重要举措。分析归纳优质工业遗产公园的成功因素,事关我国城市发展大局。本研究以中山岐江公园和北京首钢公园为例,探究公众对工业遗产公园生态系统文化服务的感知及该框架的实用性,构建生态系统文化服务的重要性—满意度分析(CES-ISA)框架。结果表明:工业遗产公园提供的消遣娱乐、美学和文化遗产与精神服务是最受公众重视的文化服务类型;完善地方感服务是提升公众满意度,促进工业遗产公园可持续发展的关键;CES-ISA框架能识别公众对生态系统文化服务的重要性感知和满意度之间的差异,并获得工业遗产公园文化服务的管理优先级。

可持续生计视角下水库移民后期帮扶效果评估研究

基于广西岩滩水电移民的调研数据,运用组合赋权法、Topsis模型对由3种能力构成的可持续生计进行量化,并采用方差分析探讨后期帮扶及其具体措施对移民户整体和3种类型移民户可持续生计的影响,以此来评价帮扶效果。结果表明:移民户可持续生计整体处于中等偏下的水平,且非贫困户、一般脱贫户和低保脱贫户可持续生计水平依次降低;综合帮扶对整体移民户可持续生计的提升显著,具体措施是否参与对不同移民户可持续生计的作用不同,其中教育培训对3种类型移民户提升可持续生计均显著;参与帮扶措施多寡对非贫困户和低保脱贫户可持续生计的影响显著,但对一般脱贫户影响不显著。拓展了移民后期帮扶效果评估领域的研究方法,可以为精准高效推进移民扶持提供依据。

复杂视角下乡村旅游地农户可持续生计组态影响研究——以成都市幸福村为例

乡村旅游地农户可持续生计是一个多元因素共同作用的复杂系统,其组态影响研究对于转变当前研究的简单线性思维、深化推动农户生计可持续发展和全面推进乡村振兴具有重要意义。文章基于社会-生态系统理论构建组态影响理论模型,以成都市典型乡村旅游地幸福村的农户为案例,应用模糊集定性比较分析法探究复杂视角下乡村旅游地农户可持续生计组态影响,以揭示农户可持续生计发展背后更为深刻的效应机理。研究发现:1)乡村旅游地农户可持续生计受经济、社会、生态等外因与内因的组态影响,单一因素难以构成影响乡村旅游地农户可持续生计的必要条件,内生动力、旅游产业、土地利用、政策制度、社区治理和自然环境是组态路径中的6大核心影响因素;2)乡村旅游地农户可持续生计组态路径包括4类正向驱动路径和3类负向抑制路径,同向组态路径彼此等价且条件之间具有互补和替代关系,异向组态路径间具有因果关系的非对称性;3)乡村旅游地农户可持续生计多重并发路径的形成受旅游区位和主客观条件的影响。最后基于研究发现提出管理启示,旨在为乡村旅游地农户可持续生计影响机制研究提供复杂组态思路和借鉴。

基于三维足迹家族模型的资源环境可持续性评价

为探讨资源环境可持续评价研究的重要性,通过建立以生态足迹、水足迹与碳足迹为基本成员的足迹家族模型,引入多个资源环境压力指标,并基于DPSIR框架,运用综合集成法分析确立资源环境可持续性评价指标体系,由随机森林法与层次分析法确定各项指标的组合权重,运用模糊综合评价法分析区域资源环境压力状况与可持续性状况,进而开展了基于三维足迹家族模型的南京市资源环境可持续评价研究。结果表明,2012~2021年南京市水土资源均有占用存量资本,但占用情况整体呈下降趋势,碳足迹处于低压力范围,资源环境可持续性逐年向好;2012~2019年南京市资源环境可持续状况为弱可持续,2020~2021年为强可持续。

基于可持续生计框架的农户可持续生计研究文献计量分析

农户实现可持续生计对于巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,避免规模性返贫具有重要意义。以2000—2022年在Web of Science核心合集与知网数据库中以“可持续生计框架”和“农户生计”为研究主题发表的394篇文献为数据源,利用CiteSpace软件网络可视化分析功能对基于可持续生计框架的农户可持续生计研究进行文献计量分析。结果表明:该领域年发文数量呈上升趋势,作者之间有合作关系但并不集中,没有形成核心作者群;以中国科学院、国际农业研究磋商组织、中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所为代表的研究机构在这一领域的研究较多,分别形成了以内蒙古大学和国际林业研究中心为中心的2个合作网络。目前,基于该框架的农户生计研究热点主要集中在2个方面:一是基于可持续生计框架的农户生计资产研究;二是基于可持续生计框架的农户生计策略研究。未来的研究热点:一是生计资产组合对农户生计策略转型和轨迹的影响;二是农户生计策略转变对以维持生态系统服务为目的的政策、机构及其过程的响应;三是脆弱性环境/背景对农户生计策略适应性和转变的影响。

乡村民宿发展对农户生计转变的影响研究——以桂林龙胜地区为例

在乡村振兴战略实施的大背景之下,作为乡村旅游发展新业态的民宿,以其强大的市场吸纳能力和产业的联动性,已成为农户可持续性生计发展的重要产业模式。本文在分析乡村民宿发展现状的基础上,基于可持续生计框架构建了基于乡村民宿的农户生计资本评价指标体系,而后以桂林龙胜地区为例,对其发展乡村民宿产业前后的农户生计资本变化进行了实证对比分析。结果表明,民宿产业发展对农户生计转变的带动与促进效用显著,农户生计资本总体得到改善,物质资本储量提升,生计策略多样性增加,且表现出明显的代替效应。研究以期为增强农户生计的可持续性,促进乡村民宿产业与所在地社区的共生发展提供参考。

Livelihood differentiation between two villages in Yesanpo Tourism District in China

The rapidly developing rural tourism industry in China has deeply influenced the livelihoods of rural households. This study compares the impact of rural tourism development in poor areas on the farmers' livelihoods, based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework proposed by the United Kingdom's Department for International Development. Gougezhuang, a tourist village, and Jiaojiekou, a non-tourist village, both located in Yesanpo Tourism District in the state-level povertystricken Laishui County, Hebei Province, were selected as case studies. The livelihood models of the two villages show great differentiation after 20 years of tourism development. Gougezhuang Village has been driven by the tourism industry and farmers are employed locally, enjoying a relatively higher-income life, with a developmental livelihood model. In contrast, farmers in Jiaojiekou Village earn their living mainly by leaving home to work in the city. They have a low income, with a survival livelihood model, supported by part-time business. Considering that the two villages are adjacent and have similar development backgrounds, the analysis results indicate that rural tourism has an apparent locationspecific effect on poverty alleviation and socioeconomic development, but the development ofrural tourism is limited regarding large-scale poverty alleviation efforts in poor areas. To implement a propoor-tourism strategy and achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to implement comprehensive management measures to change the local conditions of rural settlements and make full use of the spillover effect of tourist consumption.

可持续生计框架下农户闲置宅基地处置意愿的影响因素研究

基于福建省460份农户调研数据,通过可持续生计框架,运用无序多分类Logit模型对农户的闲置宅基地的处置意愿进行实证研究。研究发现:总体上,农户对闲置宅基地的处置存在多种意愿,但当前处置意愿仍然较低;从具体的生计资本指标影响分析看,宅基地宗数、户均劳动力水平和宅基地政策认知情况等因素对农户宅基地的处置意愿均产生显著正向影响;农户的出租意愿受到是否有城镇住房因素的影响,农户宅基地转让意愿受到家庭现有耕地面积的影响,农户宅基地置换意愿还受到宅基地建筑面积与留村的直系亲属数量、家庭年均收入的影响,农户宅基地退出意愿则受到家庭现有耕地面积、是否担任村干部及家庭保障情况等因子的影响。据此提出:尊重农户多元意愿,采取差异性盘活政策;持续推进宅改政策宣传,促进农户转变私权意识;普及农村职业教育,完善农户社保机制。

旅游生计恢复力研究进展、分析框架与案例分析

旅游波动导致旅游地家庭生计恢复面临难题,旅游生计恢复力成为当前重要的研究议题。通过梳理旅游生计恢复力研究进展,分析生计恢复力与可持续生计途径的理论关联,本文创新性地将可持续生计与生计恢复力相融合,把文化适应力作为生计恢复力的重要内容,构建了具有多层视角和动态特征的旅游生计恢复力理论分析框架,并结合云南大理村落案例对旅游生计恢复力的文化适应、影响因素和协同治理进行了分析。本研究拓展了可持续生计理论视域,完善了旅游生计恢复力理论体系,指出未来应加强旅游生计恢复力测度方法、多层次案例对比、演化机制和协同治理研究。

“双碳”背景下企业绿色竞争力研究——文献综述与研究框架

自20世纪90年代发端至今,企业绿色竞争力得到长足的发展,但在环境与发展关系转型的“双碳”背景下,企业绿色竞争力的发展动向尚缺乏系统梳理。文章综合运用文献计量和内容分析的方法对国内国际的489篇相关文献展开文献特征及文献内容分析,并以此为基础,构建了企业绿色竞争力的研究框架。研究结果表明:国内国际文献发表数量均呈指数型增长,关键词以供应链管理、环境管理为代表的可持续性管理为主,研究热点涉及企业绿色管理模式和企业绿色管理技术两大类别;实证研究是研究企业绿色竞争力的主旋律,但科研合作网络密度及研究关联度有待提升,缺乏碳中和、碳达峰等新的环境背景下的相关理论创新,同时企业实时真实数据研究不足。据此,从加深各研究主题关联度、构建整合性的理论研究框架和利用好企业真实运营数据三个方面展望了该主题研究的未来发展趋势。

百年来中国高中语文课程标准中的可持续发展教育文本分析

文章运用文本分析法,对百年来中国高中语文课程标准中的可持续发展教育的目标和主题进行研究。从目标维度来看,课程标准中的提及次数在百年中的演变总体呈现出逐步增长的态势。在20世纪,目标提及次数发展相对缓慢,呈现低速增长;进入21世纪,目标提及次数呈现出快速增长的趋势。从主题维度来看,课程标准中的提及次数呈现多元文化为主,其他各项发展不均衡的特点。面向未来,我国高中语文课程标准中可加强行为和行动维度的关注、融入经济和环境可持续理念以及增进全球化主题教育。

生态脆弱区农户可持续生计策略研究

在乡村振兴的环境下,对作为生态脆弱区有代表性的贵州地区农村的可持续生计策略进行研究,促进贵州农村经济社会可持续发展具有重大意义。本文基于贵州省思南县罗家坝村的实地调研资料,从可持续生计理论的视角,分析罗家坝村农户当前的生计可持续性状况。利用熵值法对农户的生计资本状况进行评价和测定,结果表明:(1)罗家坝村生产用地面积减少、生产用地质量和生态环境质量下降;(2)农户缺乏健康检查意识、受教育程度有限以及缺乏必要的技能培训;(3)农户来源渠道单一、收入不稳定以及不能充分利用各种借款渠道。基于此,本文给出了提高自然资本存量及其利用价值、完善人力资本体系、拓宽金融资本渠道三点建议。

水-粮食-能源关联与可持续生计关系研究进展与研究框架

水-粮食-能源关联系统与可持续生计系统受到共同的自然、社会、经济因素影响,两者的协同管理对于改善居民福利、实现区域可持续发展有着重要意义。文章梳理了可持续生计的发展与研究热点,总结了水-粮食-能源关联与可持续生计的综合研究进展,探讨了水-粮食-能源相互作用的发展状况、研究现状、与可持续发展目标的差距以及面临的问题,并从区域水-粮食-能源关联与可持续生计协同管理,促进区域可持续发展等方面提出了应对挑战的技术手段和政策机制选择设想。

有限数据渔业目标物种后果分析与实践——以海洋管理委员会为例

后果分析(consequence analysis,CA)是海洋管理委员会(Marine Stewardship Council,MSC)评估目标渔业物种结果的半定量分析工具。作为有限数据渔业(data-limited fishery)评估中最基本的评价工具,缺少具体数据可用于风险框架(risk based framework,RBF)模型分析时,首先需要获得评价目标物种受影响程度的指标性信息或趋势性渔业数据,如种群规模、繁殖力、年龄/大小/性比和地理分布。根据评分结果,后果分析的主要目的是用于确定目标物种渔业生物学参数中最易受到人类活动甚至气候变化影响的项目;其次,通过系统性收集不同利益相关方提供的任何数据并使用估算渔业物种相关项目的替代性信息数据,评估目标渔业种群的风险程度和发展趋势。详细介绍了CA理论和实践过程,并给出有限数据渔业目标物种的风险评分依据,以期为渔业资源保护与可持续渔业提供生物指标与预防性科学管理方法。

Sustainable Livelihood Security in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone:Ecologically Secure,Economically Efficient or Socially Equitable?

Sustainable Livelihood Security(SLS)remains a rarely considered yet important issue for rural sustainability and natural resource management.Particularly in China,rural SLS research in a typical area is urgently needed,but insufficient under the background of National Rural Revitalization and Ten-year Fishing Ban of Yangtze River.Focusing on the policy-targeted inland lake area,we proposed a Livelihood Security Analysis(LSA)framework by establishing an adaptive indicator system and integrating multiple econometrical and geographical methods.This study aims to evaluate the SLS in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone comprehensively from the three aspects of ecology,economy and society,analyze their spatial patterns,identify the main constraints,and finally give specific suggestions for improving rural sustainability management.The results showed that rural SLS in the inland great lake area tended to be vulnerable mainly due to the lagging economic efficiency and unbalanced social equality,and mediated by regional ecological characteristics.The overall SLS and Ecological Security Index(ESI)were higher in the north and lower in the south,while Economic Efficiency Index(EEI)and Social Equality Index(SEI)were at the middle level and circularly distributed around Nanchang City.The dominating factors which have greatly shaped the spatial pattern of SLS include rural per capita electricity consumption,fishery breeding area,population dependency ratio,urbanization rate,and fishery population.The obstacle degree is ranked as economic system>social system>ecological system.An outdated economy and incomplete social services are the main constraints,characterized by weak electricity consumption,limited beds in hospitals,low urbanization rate,deficient agricultural machinery power,and a small agricultural output value.Therefore,one urgent need is to activate the rural economy by reinforcing rural electric power facilities and promoting agricultural mechanization.In addition,transforming the peasants/fishermen to the non-agricultural sector should be accelerated,which will help to reduce ecological pressure,boost urban-rural integration and narrow the income gap.

农村老年人的生计、福祉与家庭支持政策——一个可持续生计分析框架

本文基于对当前转型期农村老年人生计与福祉现状的认识,探讨将可持续生计分析框架应用于农村老年人养老问题研究的必要性和可行性,提出了一个可持续生计分析框架。该框架研究中国农村老年人家庭生活福祉脆弱性的形成与特点、养老模式的形成、演化与变迁的途径和规律,探索农村家庭养老支持可持续发展的途径。本文用生计来研究老年人福祉,并建立了农村老年人生计、福祉与家庭支持政策的可持续生计分析框架,对农村老年人生活福祉研究和实践有积极意义。

石羊河流域不同区域农户生计多样性分析

随着石羊河流域综合治理政策的深入落实,流域内农户的生计受到严重影响。基于对农户生计活动现状的统计描述,依据可持续生计资本框架理论,利用因子分析法建立上、中、下游各区域农户生计资产存量的评价模型,就全流域三大区域共992份样本农户的生计多样化程度和生计资产现状进行实证研究并作分区域的比较分析。结果显示:(1)全流域农户生计均呈多样化趋势,山区、平原区和沙漠绿洲区农户的生计多样化指数分别是:2.00,2.74和2.61,说明流域内农户生计多样化程度普遍偏低但各区域差异明显。(2)因子分析表明,受政策影响农户所拥有的各生计资产存量发生了转化,相比其他区域,绿洲区农户拥有的生计资产存量最多,主要反映在自然、物质和社会资产上,平原区次之,山区以较大差距排在末位。(3)政策扰动下各生计资产存量的差异对不同区域农户多样性生计策略的选择具有显著影响。通过比较三大区域农户多样性生计活动和家庭生计资产存量,探讨了生计资产与生计多样化的关系,从农户生计的视角客观系统地总结和评价了石羊河流域综合治理政策的实施效果,识别政策落实中遇到的具体问题,为今后流域治理工作的完善提供科学依据和理论参考。建议政府围绕农户生计资产的薄弱环节进行投入,以提高农民的生计资产存量;农户要优化生计组合,利用优势生计资产实现多样化的生计转型。