Comparison of Cancer Incidence between China and the USA

Objective The incidence of cancer varies around the globe,especially between less-developed and developed regions.The aim of this study is to explore differences in cancer incidence between China and the USA. Methods Data were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2008 database.Estimated numbers of new cancer cases in the USA were obtained from the American Cancer Society,while the numbers of cases in China,including those in urban and rural areas,were obtained from 36 cancer registries(2003-2005).Cancer incidence for major sites between China and the USA were analyzed. Results In China,lung cancer was the predominant type of cancer detected in males;in females,breast cancer was the main type of cancer.Gastrointestinal cancers,such as those of the liver,stomach,and esophagus,were more commonly seen in China than in the USA.A significant difference in the incidence of melanoma of the skin was observed between China and the USA.During comparison of differences in the age-standardized rates by world population(ASRWs) of major cancer sites between the two countries,4 sites in males(i.e.,nasopharynx,esophagus,stomach,and liver) and 6 sites in females(i.e.,nasopharynx,esophagus,stomach,liver, gallbladder,and cervix uteri) showed higher cancer incidence rates in China than in the USA. Conclusions Significant differences in cancer incidence sites were found between the two countries.Cancer may be prevented through public education and awareness.Programs to promote cancer prevention in China,especially those of the lung,breast,and gastrointestinal region,must also be implemented.

Visualizing Patterns and Differences in Fine Particulate Matter(PM2.5) Research Between the USA and China over Last 25 Years: A Bibliometric Analysis

To reveal patterns in scientific research results and compare differences in studies on fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)) between China and the USA, 6608 publications from 1992 to 2016 were collected from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E)databaseandanalyzedbybibliometrics.Histcite^(TM), Bib Excel1.0.0.0, Net Draw and VOSviewer were used for statistical and visual analysis during this study. Publication outputs, journals, institutions, authors and author keywords were all analyzed to identify publication patterns, research hotspots and research trends. Based on this study, the number of publications produced in future years is expected to be at least twice that in 2016. The number of publications in China and the USA increased annually from 1992 through2014, promoted by improved social and economic conditions. Gross domestic product (GDP) was significantly positively correlated with the number of annual articles published in China and the USA (p<0.05). Through comparative analysis, it was observed that the output of publications in the USA before 2014 was larger than that in China. The total output of PM2.5-related publications in China increased rapidly and far exceeded that in the USA after 2014. It is predicted that the leading region for research on PM2.5 in the future would be China. Analysis of author keywords indicated that"chemical composition"and"source allocation"were the main research hotspots in China and the USA. This research on exposure would be valuable in the future because of the pollution problem in China.Moreover, patterns and differences in scientific outcomes were revealed in this study and this study might provide potential guidelines for future research and management.

Internet Gaming Disorder and Mental Health of Children in China:A Latent Profile Analysis

In recent years,speculation of an increase in Internet Gaming Disorder(IGD)has surfaced with the growing popularity of internet gaming among Chinese children and adolescents.The detrimental impact of IGD on mental health cannot be denied,even though only a small portion of the screen-dependent population exhibits psychopathological and behavioral symptoms.The present study aimed to explore a latent profile analysis(LPA)of Internet Gaming Disorder on the mental health of Chinese school students.The data were collected from a sample of 1005 Chinese school students(49.8%male;age M=13.32,SD=1.34 years)using a paper-pencil survey through convenience sampling.LPA explored three latent profiles of internet gamers:regular gamers(62.4%),moderate gamers(28.1%),and probable disordered gamers(9.4%).Results showed that the probable disordered gamers had significantly higher levels of depression,anxiety,emotional and conduct problems,hyperactivity,and peer problem symptoms as well as lower life satisfaction,and pro-social symptoms compared to regular and moderate gamers(p<0.05).This study would be helpful to mental health professionals in designing interventions for gamers who present IGD symptoms.Future longitudinal studies should also be undertaken to assess whether mental health worsens for probable disordered gamers.

Strategic interaction between institutional investors and supervision department:a theoretical analysis of low‑price collusion in SBIC

We introduce evolutionary game method to analyze low-price collusion in inquiry market of Sci-Tech Innovation Board of China(SIBC)from the perspective of strategic interaction between large institutional investors(LIIs),small and medium-sized institutional investors(SMIIs),and supervision department(SD).The results show that supervision behaviors of SD,and quotation behaviors of institutional investors,are subject to supervision conditions.Under the condition that benefits of tough supervision are lower a lot than minimum benefits of light supervision(light supervision condition),SD will choose light supervision and institutional investors will turn to illegal quotation in response.Finally,a steady-state equilibrium with low-price collusion will form in SIBC’s inquiry market even with a large supervision penalty for illegal quotation.On the contrary,under the condition that benefits of tough supervision are higher a lot than maximum benefits of light supervision(tough supervision condition)and with a large penalty for illegal quotation,SD and institutional investors will choose tough supervision and legal quotation.Further numerical simulations under light supervision condition show that:(1)High-price culling rule will become a booster for low-price collusion and accelerate SMIIs’evolutionary process to imitative quotation.(2)Blindly increasing penalties for illegal quotation or reducing the culling rate is not an appropriate approach to solve the problem of low-price collusion since it cannot shift supervision condition from light into tough and make SD supervise toughly.(3)Institutional investors’choices of quotation strategies are more volatile and highly susceptible to supervision behaviors of SD when facing exogenous uncertainty.Therefore,the keys to solving the problem of low-price collusion are shifting supervision condition from light into tough through increasing incremental benefits of tough supervision,and providing institutional investors with a stable and predictable supervision policy.In conclusion,the creation of a fair inquiry market doesn’t only depend on restraint and punishment to institutional investors,but also requires the establishment of supervision mechanism those are compatible with market-based inquiry.

Changes in Spatiotemporal Land Use Patterns in Selected Hydrogeomorphic Areas of China and the USA

Differences exist in land use/cover pattern and its change between the P. R. China and the USA. In order to describe those differences, land use changes in representative regions were quantitatively analyzed and compared. Xiamen City, Changzhutan region and Liupan Mountains regions were selected to represent three different hydrogeomorphic areas of eastern, central, and western China, respectively, while the Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed (GCEW) located in the north-central part of Mississippi in the bluff hills just east of the Mississippi River floodplain was chosen in the USA. By integrating historical Landsat TM imagery and geographical information system data, the spatiotemporal land use dynamics and conversion of land use in China and the USA between 1980 and 2010 were explored and compared. Results indicated an urban sprawl in eastern and central China, which encroached upon large amount of cropland, forest land and grassland. On the other hand, western China reclaimed cropland from grassland, forest land, which led to severe soil erosion between 1990 and 2000. Goodwin Creek Watershed of the USA converted 73.3% of the lost cropland into forest land, pasture and idle land, which accounted for about 90% in 2010. Further, counter-urbanization occurs in the GCEW due to favorable eco-environment for living. Compared with the land dynamic degree of the GCEW, eastern China is greater than it;western China is smaller than it while central China is almost equal to it. And the land use intensity index of GCEW is smaller than that of China all these years. Eastern China advocated ecological civilization in 2007 to meet the serious challenges of sustainable development. Western China started the Return of Land from Farming to Forestry and Grassland Project in 2000. The Changzhutan region in central China is served as the resource-saving and environment-friendly community in 2007, which will be favorable for the sustainable land utilization and protection of ecology. From the eco-environmental view, China might use the experience of USA for future reference.

Relationship of the Interests between the Dairy Farmer and the Company in Ecological Agriculture——A Case of the Dairy Industry in Sichuan Province,China

Development status of dairy industry in Sichuan Province,China is analyzed,indicating that how to ensure the high-quality and ecological production of peasant households has become an important issue for the safety and healthy of the masses and the development of dairy industry.Game model is established and the solution for the model is obtained.Based on analyzing the relationship of the interests between the dairy farmer and the company in ecological agriculture,two mixed strategies of Nash equilibrium are obtained.One is that when the probability is equal to α*1,there are no differences between purchasing or not purchasing;if the probability of company purchase is equal to β*1,there are no differences between producing high-quality milk and poor-quality milk.The other is that if the probability of dairy farmer under normal transaction is equal to α*2,there are no differences for the company to select high-quality inspection or low-quality inspection;if the probability of high-quality inspection is equal to β*2,passing off inferior milk as high-grade one has no differences with normal transaction.Therefore,moral risk of the dairy farmer should be prevented by probability β*1 and high-quality inspection.Finally,countermeasures are put forward,such as reducing the risk of transaction,ensuring the basic interest of the dairy farmer engaged in ecological production,intensifying the supervision,correctly preventing the moral risk of dairy farmer,improving the laws and regulations,and coordinating interests between dairy farmer and company in industrial chain.

Ground fissure hazards in USA and China

Tremendous losses were caused by ground fissure hazard both in USA and China. Six states of southwestern USA and seven provinces of central China were affected by the destructive ground fissures. The aseismic ground fissure hazards usually take place in land subsidence area. The comparison of the two countries' ground fissures were given including ground fissure formation, evolution, mechanics of destruction and countermeasures against them. The destructive ground fissures occurred about a half century earlier in USA than in China The mechanisms of various ground fissures were analyzed with interdisciplinary studies. It has been found that the preexisted faults are serving as the bases of forming modem ground fissure, and human activities, e.g. over pumping ground water, or oil, can accelerate the creeping of the fissures and make them destructive to many kinds of civil engineering. The countermeasures to mitigate ground fissure hazard were put forward, not only in science and technology but also in social administration. The successful practices in the two countries were introduced as examples.

Comparative study of China and USA public private partnerships in public transportation

As an effective alternative approach to provide goods and services for public infrastructure, the Public Private Partnership （PPP） has been studied extensively over the past few decades. On a global scale, China and the United States have developed cooperation on PPP projects in various areas. To perform a comparative study, this paper analyzes how PPP projects work in both countries for public transportation. The basic features, types, and phases of PPPs in public transportation are introduced first, fol- lowed by a thorough discussion on their advantages and challenges. This paper adopts a case study method to analyze the achievements and problems of PPP projects in both countries and then proposes important findings and suggestions for future research.

Dynamic Game Research on Multiple Subjects in the Real Estate Market of China

In order to analyze the deep-routed reason for the failure of the real estate market regulation policy, this paper established an incomplete information tri-game model in which central government, local government and the real estate developer were chosen as three main research objects. Based on the analysis of their interest appeals under the assumption of rational economic man, we found that it was the difference of interest appeals of central and local governments as well as the real estate developers that caused the game among the three participants. This, however, led to the failure of the macro-control at last. Strengthening the supervision of central government and reducing its cost at the same time, what’s more, improving the efficiency of the supervision and increasing the punishment of the rent-seeking behavior between local government and the real estate developers will contribute to improve the implementation status of the regulation and control policy. We suggest the authorities improve the government political achievement appraisal system and reform the current system of benefits distribution;moreover, reform the existing regulatory system and strength the regulatory role of media and the third-party so as to promote the healthy development of the real estate market.

Safeguard and Protection of Migrant Workers' Interests from the Perspective of Game Theory

The status quo of the violation of migrant workers' interests is analyzed,the results are not so optimistic.The overall situation of migrant workers' training rights is poor;migrant workers 'rights to enjoy legal holiday are seriously violated;the working conditions and health protection measures are weak;migrant workers' rights to get legal payment are damaged to different degree;the social security mechanism for migrant workers is imperfect and there are still large gap between supply and demand.Combining with the relevant theories of Game theory,migrant workers' interests obtained under the situation of entering right protection organizations and do not entering the organizations are analyzed,the results show that entering right protection organizations is reasonable choice.The positive functions played by the improvement of the reputation of labor union in solving the problems of right protection are proved from the perspective of the Game Theory.Through the analysis on the operational effects of the right protection organizations of migrant workers,it can be detected that the functions of organizations owned by migrant workers themselves is mediocre but the labor union plays an important role in migrant workers' right protection.The protection of migrant workers' interests tends to legalization,so in order to further perfect the right protection of labor union,the labor union should legalize the protection of migrant workers rights.In the end the specific measures on improving the reputation of labor union are put forward.

COTTON USA Buyers Tour Brings Global Brands and Retailers to China

MEMPHIS-The COTTON USA Buyers Tour to China delivered representatives from 18 global companies-with a combined

'28 + 10',Not Antes in the Game,China Playsits Trump Card

A good number is a signal for a good fortune - a traditional belief from the Chinese culture. But China is not playing with these numbers, not antes in the game. Its turn for technological advancement means a lot to all, including its textile competitors who would like to know how this textile giant has become so strong.

Let the Games Begin Gaming in China has gone from a casual pastime to a multi-billion-dollar industry

Tan Jun. 30, can still feel the adrenalin rush he experi- enced last November when watching the world＇s premier competitive gaming event of the 2017 League of Legends World Championship （LLWC）.

COTTON USA^(TM) and IVY House Jointly Launched A New Brand for Home Clothing-IVY HOME in China

Recently,the press conference was held at Shanghai Time Square of Warner Hotel.Mrs Karin Malmstrom, Director of Cotton Council International, China was present at the conference and

The Seventh National Games of the People's Republic of China

The Seveoth National Games opened on September 4,1993,in Beijing.Orer 7,000 athletes from China's different provinces,monicipalities,autonomous regions,the PLA(People's Liberation Army)and amateur sports associations participated in 43 compet-itive events,including track-and-field events,swimming,football,basketball,'weight lifting,sboting,boxing,cyeliog,wushu,weiqi,and table tennis.A total of 328 gold medals were given out.The Ministry of Posts and Telecomounications issued one stamp to commemorate the day.

The national forest inventory in China:history-results-international context

Background： National forest resource assessments Inventories （NFI＇s）, constitute an important nationa and monitoring, commonly known as National Forest information infrastructure in many countries. Methods： This study presents details about developments of the NFI in China, including sampling and plot design and the uses of alternative data sources, and specifically · reviews the evolution of the national forest inventory in China through the 20th and 21st centuries, with some reference to Europe and the US; · highlights the emergence of some common international themes： consistency of measurement; sampling designs; implementation of improved technology; expansion of the variables monitored more efficient scientific transparency;· presents an example of how China＇s expanding NFI exemplifies these global trends. Results： Main results and important changes in China＇s NFI are documented, both to support continued trend analysis and to provide data users with historical perspective. Conclusions： New technologies and data needs ensure that the Chinese NFI, like the national inventories in other countries, will continue to evolve. Within the context of historical change and current conditions, likely directions for this evolution are suggested.