Great barrier reef in Australia was taken for example to analyze its experience in management,protection,marketing,infrastructure,derivative design,and brand building.On this basis,concrete suggestions were given for ...Great barrier reef in Australia was taken for example to analyze its experience in management,protection,marketing,infrastructure,derivative design,and brand building.On this basis,concrete suggestions were given for eco-tourism development in Hebei Province based on its actual situation:enhancing environmental law enforcement and ecological management,strengthening advertisement and promotion,innovating tourism operation and management,and caring tourists.展开更多
Great Bustards(Otis tarda dybowskii)are one of the world’s heaviest flying birds,occupying grassland habitats in Eastern Asia.Our study is located at the most eastern Chinese wintering site in Cangzhou,Hebei Province...Great Bustards(Otis tarda dybowskii)are one of the world’s heaviest flying birds,occupying grassland habitats in Eastern Asia.Our study is located at the most eastern Chinese wintering site in Cangzhou,Hebei Province,where approximately 100 individuals are concentrated in a small area(17.53 km2).Solid information is still lacking about the wintering areas for this subspecies in its eastern range and specifically for China.The study area consists of intensely used farmland in proximity to humans and is lacking conservation areas and wild,open fields.Here,we present our results from two years of field data collection on habitat selection.We choose a machine learning model approach based on a rapid assessment methodology for the winter habitat of the Great Bustard.It is based on a spatial analysis of the best available environmental data,which were collected relatively quickly.These relatively new methods in ecology are based on an ensemble of decision trees and include algorithms such as TreeNet,Random Forest and CART used in parallel.In this study,we collected bustard droppings(presence only)from 48 locations between December 2011 and January 2012 and used the sites as training data.Droppings from 23 locations were collected in November 2012,and those sites were used as test data.We used eight environmental variables as predictor layers for the response variable of bustard presence/availability.We employed a Geographic Information System(ArcGIS 10.1and Geospatial Modelling Environment)and Google Earth.Compared with the other three models,we found that predictions from Random Forest obtained a significant difference between presence and absence.According to this model,the three most important factors for wintering Great Bustards are distance to residential area,distance to water pools,and farmland area.Our model shows that wintering Great Bustards prefer locations that are over 400 m away from residential areas,within 900 m of water pools and on areas of farmland smaller than 0.5 km2.We think we can apply our analysis to Great Bustard management in our study area and the adjacent region and that this work sets a baseline for future research.展开更多
基金Supported by Research Program of Hebei Province Social Science Development(2013):Poverty Alleviation by Tourism in Tai-Hang Mountain Region:A case of Baoding City(201301016)
文摘Great barrier reef in Australia was taken for example to analyze its experience in management,protection,marketing,infrastructure,derivative design,and brand building.On this basis,concrete suggestions were given for eco-tourism development in Hebei Province based on its actual situation:enhancing environmental law enforcement and ecological management,strengthening advertisement and promotion,innovating tourism operation and management,and caring tourists.
基金supported by the National Forestry Bureau of China(1105-LYSJWT-113)
文摘Great Bustards(Otis tarda dybowskii)are one of the world’s heaviest flying birds,occupying grassland habitats in Eastern Asia.Our study is located at the most eastern Chinese wintering site in Cangzhou,Hebei Province,where approximately 100 individuals are concentrated in a small area(17.53 km2).Solid information is still lacking about the wintering areas for this subspecies in its eastern range and specifically for China.The study area consists of intensely used farmland in proximity to humans and is lacking conservation areas and wild,open fields.Here,we present our results from two years of field data collection on habitat selection.We choose a machine learning model approach based on a rapid assessment methodology for the winter habitat of the Great Bustard.It is based on a spatial analysis of the best available environmental data,which were collected relatively quickly.These relatively new methods in ecology are based on an ensemble of decision trees and include algorithms such as TreeNet,Random Forest and CART used in parallel.In this study,we collected bustard droppings(presence only)from 48 locations between December 2011 and January 2012 and used the sites as training data.Droppings from 23 locations were collected in November 2012,and those sites were used as test data.We used eight environmental variables as predictor layers for the response variable of bustard presence/availability.We employed a Geographic Information System(ArcGIS 10.1and Geospatial Modelling Environment)and Google Earth.Compared with the other three models,we found that predictions from Random Forest obtained a significant difference between presence and absence.According to this model,the three most important factors for wintering Great Bustards are distance to residential area,distance to water pools,and farmland area.Our model shows that wintering Great Bustards prefer locations that are over 400 m away from residential areas,within 900 m of water pools and on areas of farmland smaller than 0.5 km2.We think we can apply our analysis to Great Bustard management in our study area and the adjacent region and that this work sets a baseline for future research.
