Land use and cover change(LUCC)is the most direct manifestation of the interaction between anthropological activities and the natural environment on Earth's surface,with significant impacts on the environment and ...Land use and cover change(LUCC)is the most direct manifestation of the interaction between anthropological activities and the natural environment on Earth's surface,with significant impacts on the environment and social economy.Rapid economic development and climate change have resulted in significant changes in land use and cover.The Shiyang River Basin,located in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor in China,has undergone significant climate change and LUCC over the past few decades.In this study,we used the random forest classification to obtain the land use and cover datasets of the Shiyang River Basin in 1991,1995,2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020 based on Landsat images.We validated the land use and cover data in 2015 from the random forest classification results(this study),the high-resolution dataset of annual global land cover from 2000 to 2015(AGLC-2000-2015),the global 30 m land cover classification with a fine classification system(GLC_FCS30),and the first Landsat-derived annual China Land Cover Dataset(CLCD)against ground-truth classification results to evaluate the accuracy of the classification results in this study.Furthermore,we explored and compared the spatiotemporal patterns of LUCC in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the Shiyang River Basin over the past 30 years,and employed the random forest importance ranking method to analyze the influencing factors of LUCC based on natural(evapotranspiration,precipitation,temperature,and surface soil moisture)and anthropogenic(nighttime light,gross domestic product(GDP),and population)factors.The results indicated that the random forest classification results for land use and cover in the Shiyang River Basin in 2015 outperformed the AGLC-2000-2015,GLC_FCS30,and CLCD datasets in both overall and partial validations.Moreover,the classification results in this study exhibited a high level of agreement with the ground truth features.From 1991 to 2020,the area of bare land exhibited a decreasing trend,with changes primarily occurring in the middle and lower reaches of the basin.The area of grassland initially decreased and then increased,with changes occurring mainly in the upper and middle reaches of the basin.In contrast,the area of cropland initially increased and then decreased,with changes occurring in the middle and lower reaches.The LUCC was influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors.Climatic factors and population contributed significantly to LUCC,and the importance values of evapotranspiration,precipitation,temperature,and population were 22.12%,32.41%,21.89%,and 19.65%,respectively.Moreover,policy interventions also played an important role.Land use and cover in the Shiyang River Basin exhibited fluctuating changes over the past 30 years,with the ecological environment improving in the last 10 years.This suggests that governance efforts in the study area have had some effects,and the government can continue to move in this direction in the future.The findings can provide crucial insights for related research and regional sustainable development in the Shiyang River Basin and other similar arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
The impact of socioeconomic development on land-use and land-cover change(LUCC)in river basins varies spatially and temporally.Exploring the spatiotemporal evolutionary trends and drivers of LUCC under regional dispar...The impact of socioeconomic development on land-use and land-cover change(LUCC)in river basins varies spatially and temporally.Exploring the spatiotemporal evolutionary trends and drivers of LUCC under regional disparities is the basis for the sustainable development and management of basins.In this study,the Weihe River Basin(WRB)in China was selected as a typical basin,and the WRB was divided into the upstream of the Weihe River Basin(UWRB),the midstream of the Weihe River Basin(MWRB),the downstream of the Weihe River Basin(DWRB),the Jinghe River Basin(JRB),and the Luohe River Basin(LRB).Based on land-use data(cultivated land,forestland,grassland,built-up land,bare land,and water body)from 1985 to 2020,we analyzed the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of LUCC in the WRB using a land-use transfer matrix and a dynamic change model.The driving forces of LUCC in the WRB in different periods were detected using the GeoDetector,and the selected influencing factors included meteorological factors(precipitation and temperature),natural factors(elevation,slope,soil,and distance to rivers),social factors(distance to national highway,distance to railway,distance to provincial highway,and distance to expressway),and human activity factors(population density and gross domestic product(GDP)).The results indicated that the types and intensities of LUCC conversions showed considerable disparities across different sub-basins,where complex conversions among cultivated land,forestland,and grassland occurred in the LRB,JRB,and UWRB,with higher dynamic change before 2000.The conversion of other land-use types to built-up land was concentrated in the UWRB,MWRB,and DWRB,with substantial increases after 2000.Additionally,the driving effects of the influencing factors on LUCC in each sub-basin also exhibited distinct diversity,with the LRB and JRB being influenced by the meteorological and social factors,and the UWRB,MWRB,and DWRB being driven by human activity factors.Moreover,the interaction of these influencing factors indicated an enhanced effect on LUCC.This study confirmed the spatiotemporal heterogeneity effects of socioeconomic status on LUCC in the WRB under regional differences,contributing to the sustainable development of the whole basin by managing sub-basins according to local conditions.展开更多
Land use/cover change (LUCC) is one of the main boundary conditions which influence many hydrologic processes. In view of the importance of Taihu Lake Watershed in China and the urgency of discovering the impacts of L...Land use/cover change (LUCC) is one of the main boundary conditions which influence many hydrologic processes. In view of the importance of Taihu Lake Watershed in China and the urgency of discovering the impacts of LUCC on storm runoff, two flood events under five land cover scenarios in the Xitiaoxi River Basin of the upstream of Taihu Lake watershed were simulated by distributed hydrologic modeling system HEC-HMS. The influences of each land cover on storm runoff were discussed. It was concluded that under the same rainstorm the ascending order of runoff coefficient and peak flow produced by the 5 different land covers were woodland, shrub, grassland, arable land, and built-up land; the descending order of swelling time were woodland, shrub, grassland, arable land, and built-up land. Scenario of built-up land was the first to reach peak flow, then arable land, grassland, shrub, and woodland. There were close relationships between the runoff coefficients produced by the 5 different land covers. The degrees of impacts on runoff coefficient of land cover change modes were sorted by descending: woodland to built-up land, shrub to built-up land, grassland to built-up land, arable land to built-up land, woodland to arable land, shrub to arable land, arable land to grassland, shrub to grassland, grassland to arable land, and woodland to shrub. Urbanization will contribute to flood disaster, while forestation will mitigate flood disaster.展开更多
Based on the chromatograms of oils and saturated hydrocarbons, biomarkers and stable carbon isotope analyses, the geochemical characteristics and oil family Classification of crude oils from the Markit Slope in the so...Based on the chromatograms of oils and saturated hydrocarbons, biomarkers and stable carbon isotope analyses, the geochemical characteristics and oil family Classification of crude oils from the Markit Slope in the southwest of the Tarim Basin were investigated. The results showed that crude oils from the Markit Slope are divided into two oil family Classification. Oils collected from the Bashituo oilfield in the western part of the Markit Slope are characterized by high contents of tricyclic terpanes, pregnane, and homopregnane, low contents of garmmacerane (G/H<0.20), dibenzofuran, and methyl cyclohexane, and light stable carbon isotopic values (the δ13C values of satu-rated hydrocarbons and aromatic components are less than -34‰ and -32‰, respectively), with the distribution type of steranes being C27>>C28<C29. Condensate oils collected from the Hetian River gasfield in the eastern part of the Markit Slope are characterized by low contents of tricyclic terpanes, pregnane, and homopregnane, high contents of garmmacerane (0.20<G/H<0.36), dibenzofuran, and methyl cyclohexane, and relatively heavy carbon isotopic values (δ13C of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic components (> -32‰ and -30.6‰, respectively), with the distribution type of steranes being C27>C28<<C29. In addition, oils from Well Qu 1 have some characteristics similar to those of the above oils, with some special characteristics including high contents of β-carotenes and special distribution of steranes (C27<C28 <C29).展开更多
以2000年Landsat ETM和2005年的Landsat TM数据为信息源,通过人机交互方式提取了两期黑河流域中游地区土地利用/覆被数据。在此基础上,结合研究区的社会经济统计资料和气象观测资料,分析了黑河流域中游地区近5 a来土地利用/土地覆被变化...以2000年Landsat ETM和2005年的Landsat TM数据为信息源,通过人机交互方式提取了两期黑河流域中游地区土地利用/覆被数据。在此基础上,结合研究区的社会经济统计资料和气象观测资料,分析了黑河流域中游地区近5 a来土地利用/土地覆被变化(land use and land coverage,LUCC)的时空变化格局和土地利用类型转变的趋势及其驱动力。结果表明,5 a间耕地和居民用地面积分别扩大了6.95%和9.78%,草地和林地都有相应的减少。尤其是水域和未利用土地,分别减少了1.70%和0.88%,黑河流域生态环境有总体变差的趋势。驱动力分析表明,环境变化是人文因素和自然因素共同作用的结果,并且人为因素占主导地位,在此情况下,本区生态环境存在着继续恶化的潜在危机。展开更多
为准确进行西藏年楚河流域未来土地利用模拟,对比分析了FLUS模型(Future Land Use Simulation Model)和PLUS模型(Patch-generating Land Use Simulation Model)在该流域LUCC(土地利用(Land use)/土地覆盖变化(Land cover change))模拟...为准确进行西藏年楚河流域未来土地利用模拟,对比分析了FLUS模型(Future Land Use Simulation Model)和PLUS模型(Patch-generating Land Use Simulation Model)在该流域LUCC(土地利用(Land use)/土地覆盖变化(Land cover change))模拟的结果,并在此基础上开展了研究区2030年的土地利用模拟应用。结果表明:(1)采用本地化参数的FLUS模型获得的模拟结果与真实数据的Kappa系数(0.6350)、FOM系数(0.0800)以及模拟图像的总体精度(0.8240)均优于PLUS模型模拟的结果,表明FLUS模型在研究区具有更好的适用性;(2)依据过去的土地利用变化数据对模型的领域权重和转移矩阵参数进行本地化处理,可提高模拟结果与真实数据的Kappa系数,有助于增强模型在区域的适用性;(3)基于FLUS模型的2030年年楚河流域土地利用模拟结果显示,该区域草地、湿地与水体面积将继续减少,耕地、城市、未利用土地、积雪与冰川将增加,林地变化不大,其中,最主要的土地利用变化由草地变为未利用土地。展开更多
运用SWAT模型,通过设置不同情景,定量分析了澜沧江流域土地利用与土地覆被变化(Land Use and Land Cover Change,LUCC)和气候变化对径流的影响,并结合RCP4.5、RCP8.5两种排放情景对流域未来径流的变化进行预估。结果表明:SWAT模型在澜...运用SWAT模型,通过设置不同情景,定量分析了澜沧江流域土地利用与土地覆被变化(Land Use and Land Cover Change,LUCC)和气候变化对径流的影响,并结合RCP4.5、RCP8.5两种排放情景对流域未来径流的变化进行预估。结果表明:SWAT模型在澜沧江流域径流模拟中具有很好的适用性,率定期和验证期的模型参数R2分别达到0.80、0.74,Ens分别达到0.80、0.73;从土地利用变化方面考虑,流域内的农业用地转化为林地或草地,均会导致径流量的减少,而林地转化为草地则会引起径流量的增加,农业用地、林地、草地三者对径流增加贡献顺序为农业用地>草地>林地,从气候变化方面考虑,流域内的径流量与降雨量成正比,与气温成反比;2006-2015年间澜沧江流域气候变化引起的月均径流减少幅度强于LUCC引起的月均径流增加幅度,径流变化由气候变化主导;在RCP4.5和RCP8.5两种排放情景下,2021-2050年间澜沧江流域的径流均呈增加趋势,这与1971-2015年间流域实测径流的变化趋势相反。展开更多
为揭示土地利用/土地覆被变化(Land Use and Land Cover Change,简称LUCC)和气候变化对南盘江流域径流的影响,基于情景分析,运用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型,定量研究不同土地利用类型和气候要素对流域内径流的影响,并结...为揭示土地利用/土地覆被变化(Land Use and Land Cover Change,简称LUCC)和气候变化对南盘江流域径流的影响,基于情景分析,运用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型,定量研究不同土地利用类型和气候要素对流域内径流的影响,并结合RCP4.5、RCP8.5两种排放情景对流域未来径流的变化进行预估。结果显示:①南盘江流域SWAT模型的率定期参数R^2、Ens分别为0.68、0.67,验证期R^2、Ens分别为0.65、0.63,SWAT模型适用于南盘江流域的径流模拟;②不同土地利用类型对比情景显示,农业用地、林地、草地对产流的贡献次序分别为,农业用地最强,草地次之,林地最弱;气候变化情景显示,径流变化与气温变化成反比,与降雨量变化成正比,且径流变化对降雨量变化更为敏感。③2006-2015年间,LUCC、气候变化二者均会导致南盘江径流量的减少,但气候变化在径流变化中占主导作用。④在RCP4.5、RCP8.5两种排放情景下,南盘江径流在2021-2050年间都呈现减少趋势,减少速率分别为18.74×10~8m^3/10年和21.35×10~8m^3/10年,分别达到1974-2015年减速的1.37、1.56倍,减小趋势明显增强。展开更多
以黄土高原中部的泾河流域为研究区,通过采用结合InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs)模型生境质量与植被覆盖度的综合方法,分析植物多样性在栅格尺度上的时空变化,并结合灰色关联分析方法,分析植物多样...以黄土高原中部的泾河流域为研究区,通过采用结合InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs)模型生境质量与植被覆盖度的综合方法,分析植物多样性在栅格尺度上的时空变化,并结合灰色关联分析方法,分析植物多样性与土地利用强度、人口密度等因子的关联关系。结果表明:(1)泾河流域植物多样性处于中等水平(BS>0.53),空间格局变化明显。2000-2015年,流域内植物多样性平均值从0.5382增加到0.5951,其中,植物多样性高值区域占总面积的22.1%,主要分布在山地、国家自然保护区和林业地区,植物多样性低值区占总面积的5.99%,主要分布在城区及北部植被覆盖低区域。(2)土地利用强度是流域植物多样性的主要影响因素,其次太阳辐射和人口密度也会造成较大影响,此外还受其他因素的共同作用。展开更多
基金supported by the Central Government to Guide Local Technological Development(23ZYQH0298)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(20JR10RA656,22JR5RA416)the Science and Technology Project of Wuwei City(WW2202YFS006).
文摘Land use and cover change(LUCC)is the most direct manifestation of the interaction between anthropological activities and the natural environment on Earth's surface,with significant impacts on the environment and social economy.Rapid economic development and climate change have resulted in significant changes in land use and cover.The Shiyang River Basin,located in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor in China,has undergone significant climate change and LUCC over the past few decades.In this study,we used the random forest classification to obtain the land use and cover datasets of the Shiyang River Basin in 1991,1995,2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020 based on Landsat images.We validated the land use and cover data in 2015 from the random forest classification results(this study),the high-resolution dataset of annual global land cover from 2000 to 2015(AGLC-2000-2015),the global 30 m land cover classification with a fine classification system(GLC_FCS30),and the first Landsat-derived annual China Land Cover Dataset(CLCD)against ground-truth classification results to evaluate the accuracy of the classification results in this study.Furthermore,we explored and compared the spatiotemporal patterns of LUCC in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the Shiyang River Basin over the past 30 years,and employed the random forest importance ranking method to analyze the influencing factors of LUCC based on natural(evapotranspiration,precipitation,temperature,and surface soil moisture)and anthropogenic(nighttime light,gross domestic product(GDP),and population)factors.The results indicated that the random forest classification results for land use and cover in the Shiyang River Basin in 2015 outperformed the AGLC-2000-2015,GLC_FCS30,and CLCD datasets in both overall and partial validations.Moreover,the classification results in this study exhibited a high level of agreement with the ground truth features.From 1991 to 2020,the area of bare land exhibited a decreasing trend,with changes primarily occurring in the middle and lower reaches of the basin.The area of grassland initially decreased and then increased,with changes occurring mainly in the upper and middle reaches of the basin.In contrast,the area of cropland initially increased and then decreased,with changes occurring in the middle and lower reaches.The LUCC was influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors.Climatic factors and population contributed significantly to LUCC,and the importance values of evapotranspiration,precipitation,temperature,and population were 22.12%,32.41%,21.89%,and 19.65%,respectively.Moreover,policy interventions also played an important role.Land use and cover in the Shiyang River Basin exhibited fluctuating changes over the past 30 years,with the ecological environment improving in the last 10 years.This suggests that governance efforts in the study area have had some effects,and the government can continue to move in this direction in the future.The findings can provide crucial insights for related research and regional sustainable development in the Shiyang River Basin and other similar arid and semi-arid areas.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2019JLZ-15)the Water Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province(2018slkj-4)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Xi'an University of Technology(2019KJCXTD-5)。
文摘The impact of socioeconomic development on land-use and land-cover change(LUCC)in river basins varies spatially and temporally.Exploring the spatiotemporal evolutionary trends and drivers of LUCC under regional disparities is the basis for the sustainable development and management of basins.In this study,the Weihe River Basin(WRB)in China was selected as a typical basin,and the WRB was divided into the upstream of the Weihe River Basin(UWRB),the midstream of the Weihe River Basin(MWRB),the downstream of the Weihe River Basin(DWRB),the Jinghe River Basin(JRB),and the Luohe River Basin(LRB).Based on land-use data(cultivated land,forestland,grassland,built-up land,bare land,and water body)from 1985 to 2020,we analyzed the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of LUCC in the WRB using a land-use transfer matrix and a dynamic change model.The driving forces of LUCC in the WRB in different periods were detected using the GeoDetector,and the selected influencing factors included meteorological factors(precipitation and temperature),natural factors(elevation,slope,soil,and distance to rivers),social factors(distance to national highway,distance to railway,distance to provincial highway,and distance to expressway),and human activity factors(population density and gross domestic product(GDP)).The results indicated that the types and intensities of LUCC conversions showed considerable disparities across different sub-basins,where complex conversions among cultivated land,forestland,and grassland occurred in the LRB,JRB,and UWRB,with higher dynamic change before 2000.The conversion of other land-use types to built-up land was concentrated in the UWRB,MWRB,and DWRB,with substantial increases after 2000.Additionally,the driving effects of the influencing factors on LUCC in each sub-basin also exhibited distinct diversity,with the LRB and JRB being influenced by the meteorological and social factors,and the UWRB,MWRB,and DWRB being driven by human activity factors.Moreover,the interaction of these influencing factors indicated an enhanced effect on LUCC.This study confirmed the spatiotemporal heterogeneity effects of socioeconomic status on LUCC in the WRB under regional differences,contributing to the sustainable development of the whole basin by managing sub-basins according to local conditions.
基金Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX3-SW-331)
文摘Land use/cover change (LUCC) is one of the main boundary conditions which influence many hydrologic processes. In view of the importance of Taihu Lake Watershed in China and the urgency of discovering the impacts of LUCC on storm runoff, two flood events under five land cover scenarios in the Xitiaoxi River Basin of the upstream of Taihu Lake watershed were simulated by distributed hydrologic modeling system HEC-HMS. The influences of each land cover on storm runoff were discussed. It was concluded that under the same rainstorm the ascending order of runoff coefficient and peak flow produced by the 5 different land covers were woodland, shrub, grassland, arable land, and built-up land; the descending order of swelling time were woodland, shrub, grassland, arable land, and built-up land. Scenario of built-up land was the first to reach peak flow, then arable land, grassland, shrub, and woodland. There were close relationships between the runoff coefficients produced by the 5 different land covers. The degrees of impacts on runoff coefficient of land cover change modes were sorted by descending: woodland to built-up land, shrub to built-up land, grassland to built-up land, arable land to built-up land, woodland to arable land, shrub to arable land, arable land to grassland, shrub to grassland, grassland to arable land, and woodland to shrub. Urbanization will contribute to flood disaster, while forestation will mitigate flood disaster.
文摘Based on the chromatograms of oils and saturated hydrocarbons, biomarkers and stable carbon isotope analyses, the geochemical characteristics and oil family Classification of crude oils from the Markit Slope in the southwest of the Tarim Basin were investigated. The results showed that crude oils from the Markit Slope are divided into two oil family Classification. Oils collected from the Bashituo oilfield in the western part of the Markit Slope are characterized by high contents of tricyclic terpanes, pregnane, and homopregnane, low contents of garmmacerane (G/H<0.20), dibenzofuran, and methyl cyclohexane, and light stable carbon isotopic values (the δ13C values of satu-rated hydrocarbons and aromatic components are less than -34‰ and -32‰, respectively), with the distribution type of steranes being C27>>C28<C29. Condensate oils collected from the Hetian River gasfield in the eastern part of the Markit Slope are characterized by low contents of tricyclic terpanes, pregnane, and homopregnane, high contents of garmmacerane (0.20<G/H<0.36), dibenzofuran, and methyl cyclohexane, and relatively heavy carbon isotopic values (δ13C of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic components (> -32‰ and -30.6‰, respectively), with the distribution type of steranes being C27>C28<<C29. In addition, oils from Well Qu 1 have some characteristics similar to those of the above oils, with some special characteristics including high contents of β-carotenes and special distribution of steranes (C27<C28 <C29).
文摘以2000年Landsat ETM和2005年的Landsat TM数据为信息源,通过人机交互方式提取了两期黑河流域中游地区土地利用/覆被数据。在此基础上,结合研究区的社会经济统计资料和气象观测资料,分析了黑河流域中游地区近5 a来土地利用/土地覆被变化(land use and land coverage,LUCC)的时空变化格局和土地利用类型转变的趋势及其驱动力。结果表明,5 a间耕地和居民用地面积分别扩大了6.95%和9.78%,草地和林地都有相应的减少。尤其是水域和未利用土地,分别减少了1.70%和0.88%,黑河流域生态环境有总体变差的趋势。驱动力分析表明,环境变化是人文因素和自然因素共同作用的结果,并且人为因素占主导地位,在此情况下,本区生态环境存在着继续恶化的潜在危机。
文摘为准确进行西藏年楚河流域未来土地利用模拟,对比分析了FLUS模型(Future Land Use Simulation Model)和PLUS模型(Patch-generating Land Use Simulation Model)在该流域LUCC(土地利用(Land use)/土地覆盖变化(Land cover change))模拟的结果,并在此基础上开展了研究区2030年的土地利用模拟应用。结果表明:(1)采用本地化参数的FLUS模型获得的模拟结果与真实数据的Kappa系数(0.6350)、FOM系数(0.0800)以及模拟图像的总体精度(0.8240)均优于PLUS模型模拟的结果,表明FLUS模型在研究区具有更好的适用性;(2)依据过去的土地利用变化数据对模型的领域权重和转移矩阵参数进行本地化处理,可提高模拟结果与真实数据的Kappa系数,有助于增强模型在区域的适用性;(3)基于FLUS模型的2030年年楚河流域土地利用模拟结果显示,该区域草地、湿地与水体面积将继续减少,耕地、城市、未利用土地、积雪与冰川将增加,林地变化不大,其中,最主要的土地利用变化由草地变为未利用土地。
文摘运用SWAT模型,通过设置不同情景,定量分析了澜沧江流域土地利用与土地覆被变化(Land Use and Land Cover Change,LUCC)和气候变化对径流的影响,并结合RCP4.5、RCP8.5两种排放情景对流域未来径流的变化进行预估。结果表明:SWAT模型在澜沧江流域径流模拟中具有很好的适用性,率定期和验证期的模型参数R2分别达到0.80、0.74,Ens分别达到0.80、0.73;从土地利用变化方面考虑,流域内的农业用地转化为林地或草地,均会导致径流量的减少,而林地转化为草地则会引起径流量的增加,农业用地、林地、草地三者对径流增加贡献顺序为农业用地>草地>林地,从气候变化方面考虑,流域内的径流量与降雨量成正比,与气温成反比;2006-2015年间澜沧江流域气候变化引起的月均径流减少幅度强于LUCC引起的月均径流增加幅度,径流变化由气候变化主导;在RCP4.5和RCP8.5两种排放情景下,2021-2050年间澜沧江流域的径流均呈增加趋势,这与1971-2015年间流域实测径流的变化趋势相反。
文摘为揭示土地利用/土地覆被变化(Land Use and Land Cover Change,简称LUCC)和气候变化对南盘江流域径流的影响,基于情景分析,运用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型,定量研究不同土地利用类型和气候要素对流域内径流的影响,并结合RCP4.5、RCP8.5两种排放情景对流域未来径流的变化进行预估。结果显示:①南盘江流域SWAT模型的率定期参数R^2、Ens分别为0.68、0.67,验证期R^2、Ens分别为0.65、0.63,SWAT模型适用于南盘江流域的径流模拟;②不同土地利用类型对比情景显示,农业用地、林地、草地对产流的贡献次序分别为,农业用地最强,草地次之,林地最弱;气候变化情景显示,径流变化与气温变化成反比,与降雨量变化成正比,且径流变化对降雨量变化更为敏感。③2006-2015年间,LUCC、气候变化二者均会导致南盘江径流量的减少,但气候变化在径流变化中占主导作用。④在RCP4.5、RCP8.5两种排放情景下,南盘江径流在2021-2050年间都呈现减少趋势,减少速率分别为18.74×10~8m^3/10年和21.35×10~8m^3/10年,分别达到1974-2015年减速的1.37、1.56倍,减小趋势明显增强。
文摘以黄土高原中部的泾河流域为研究区,通过采用结合InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs)模型生境质量与植被覆盖度的综合方法,分析植物多样性在栅格尺度上的时空变化,并结合灰色关联分析方法,分析植物多样性与土地利用强度、人口密度等因子的关联关系。结果表明:(1)泾河流域植物多样性处于中等水平(BS>0.53),空间格局变化明显。2000-2015年,流域内植物多样性平均值从0.5382增加到0.5951,其中,植物多样性高值区域占总面积的22.1%,主要分布在山地、国家自然保护区和林业地区,植物多样性低值区占总面积的5.99%,主要分布在城区及北部植被覆盖低区域。(2)土地利用强度是流域植物多样性的主要影响因素,其次太阳辐射和人口密度也会造成较大影响,此外还受其他因素的共同作用。