Industrial Organization in the Digital Economy Era:Evolution and Effects

Advances in digital technology and vast data applications have resulted in the emergence of the digital economy paradigm,which is a new techno-economic paradigm for the digital economy age.Under this paradigm,the industrial organization has shifted toward networked,platform-based,boundaryless,and integrated development with new characteristics.Specifically,there has been a fierce“positional arms race”fueled by financial capital,accelerating the growth of platform companies.The“hierarchical monopolistic competition”market structure has taken shape,resulting in a“coexistence without disruption”monopolistic competition.As platform businesses expand into new business sectors,competition among industrial ecosystems intensifies.Data and algorithms have become secret weapons for corporate success,allowing platform companies to expand their monopolistic forces.Industrial organization in the digital era has revolutionized the operating rules and logic of industrial economy,giving rise to new industries,business models,and paradigms,as well as being conducive to international cooperation and intelligent regulation.Meanwhile,it has introduced new challenges to socioeconomic development,making platform companies’anti-competitive and monopolistic behaviors more implicit,privacy and security concerns more conspicuous,and antitrust identification and investigation more difficult.The government should embrace the evolving trends of industrial organization in the digital economy era,accelerate regulatory transition,and strengthen governance and regulation under the digital economy paradigm.

Comprehensive analysis on the economy and energy demand of pressure-swing distillation and pervaporation for separating waste liquid containing multiple components

A large amount of waste liquids containing methanol/acetone/water mixtures are produced in the synthesis of methyl methacrylate(MMA).Under the advocacy of green chemical industry,it is urgent to develop an efficient,economic and energy-saving mixture separation process.Through thermodynamic azeotropic behavior and pressure sensitivity analysis,pressure-swing distillation was determined and the optimal separation pressure of each column in the process was obtained.Due to the composition of waste liquids produced were quite different in MMA production,the pressure-swing distillation separation process was designed to fully achieve the accurate waste liquids treatment.Taking the total annual cost(TAC)as the target,the sequential iteration method was used to optimize the process,and the impact of composition on economy was compared.In order to further realize the energy-saving of the separation process,the pervaporation membrane module was introduced to pretreat the waste liquid in the pressure-swing distillation.The results showed that the TAC of the coupling process was 46% higher than that of the pressure-swing distillation process,and the thermodynamic efficiency was 30% higher.This study provides waste liquid treatment technology for enterprises and analyzes its economic and energy efficiency,which has reference significance for the development of coupled separation technology.

The Function,Future and Support Elements of Farmer Cooperative Economy Organization

The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,however,now would only focus on its economic function, and either neglect or weaken its social influence. Therefore,this paper introduces the theoretical foundation of the farmer cooperative economy organization,and studies the nature of cooperative economics. Based on those typical cases,the future of cooperative organization and four supporting elements were put forward in this paper.

Are cities greener because of innovation?Independent innovation policy and green economic efficiency

The national independent innovation demonstration zone(NIIDZ)is an independent innovation policy that plays a crucial role in implementing strategies.Given the importance of the NIIDZ,this study uses panel data of 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2020 and empirically examines the effect and internal mechanism of the NIIDZ on green economic efficiency(GEE)using the difference-in-difference model(DID).The results show that the NIIDZ effectively enhances the growth of GEE,and the results remain valid through several robustness tests,such as year-by-year propensity score matching.The transmission mechanism suggests that the NIIDZ indirectly drives GEE by accelerating scientific and technological investment,promoting talent concentration,and optimizing the industrial structure.Moreover,heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promotion effect of the NIIDZ on GEE is more prominent in the eastern region and high green development level areas.The study’s findings can serve as a reference for China to further utilize the policy effectiveness of the NIIDZ and accelerate the high-quality development of the green economy in the future.

Developing Integrated Collective Bargaining System in a Bi National Organization:The Case of the Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority(TAZARA)

The Tanzania Zambia Railway stretches 1,860 kilometers from the East African Indian Ocean port of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania to New Kapiri-Mposhi in land locked Zambia.It is defined as a bi-national organization as opposed to either transnational or multinational because it is jointly owned and managed by the Governments of Tanzania and Zambia.Its construction was made possible by Chinese interest-free loan to the two Governments.Few development projects in Africa have been charged with as much political and ideological dynamite as Tanzania Zambia Railway.To the Western powers,angry that the Chinese had entered territory which they considered their own preserve,it was a Red Railway intended to thrust communism into the very heart of Africa.For the white regimes in Southern Africa,grimly attempting to hold back demands for majority rule,it was seen as Africa’s Ho Chi Minh Trail,carrying guerrilla further,armed with Chinese thoughts and weapons to the banks of the Zambezi River.The Chinese regarded the project as a Friendship Route to strengthen the new African states against the forces of imperialism and for Tanzania and Zambia it was a Freedom Railway,which should prove an instrument in increasing their independence.These reactions underpin not only the complexity of the establishment and management of a bi-national organization but also present challenges to the two national trade unions on how best they can represent their members.Industrial relations literature has cited differences in countries’historical,social,political,economic,and ideological background as the main obstacles in the development of collective bargaining machinery in transnational or multinational organizations.A study in Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority has attempted to develop an integrated bi-national collective bargaining machinery whose collective agreements are likely to be legally enforceable in their respective countries.This paper explores the development of trade unions in both Tanzania and Zambia which can be divided in three phases:first,the construction phase;second,the consolidation phase;and the third and final phase,trade union liberalization and political pluralism which covers the development of a bi national collective bargaining model with its Joint Industrial Council structure and negotiation procedures.The paper compares and contrasts trade union development in the two contracting states and critically examines how each phase has influenced trade union development.It provides a brief historical outline of collective bargaining process and spells out advantages and limitations of bi-national collective bargaining machinery.The paper concludes by observing that one of the main objectives of regional groupings is economic integration and suggests that integrated collective bargaining machinery be adopted as an ideal industrial relations model for regional groupings such as the African Union(AU),Southern African Development Community(SADC),Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa(COMESA),Economic Community for West African States(ECOWAS),Eastern African Community,and other regional groupings around the world since it localizes industrial relations function in general and collective bargaining in particular.

The Protection of the “Third Kind of Workers” in Gig Economy from the Perspective of Social Rights

Due to the new flexible employment mode of the gig economy,many workers in the gig economy cannot be classified according to the traditional dualistic division of labor relations and non-labor relations,and their rights are basically under no protection.As human beings making a living through their labor,the workers in the gig economy should be entitled to basic human rights,among which the most directly related is social rights.The concept and theoretical framework of"independent workers"put forward by American scholars is more conducive to the protection of their social rights.This theory not only has the legal basis of international law,but also conforms to the legislative purpose of striking a balance between the protection of workers and the sustainable development of the gig economy.It is also practical.Based on this theory,China’s national conditions,and the core conventions of the International Labour Organization,we propose a new way to protect"the third kind of workers"in the gig economy.

UNITED INTERNATIONAL CENTRAL CITY: A NEW SPATIAL ORGANIZATION MODEL IN TUMEN RIVER ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT ZONE

This paper puts forward a new conceptual idea on constructing an international central city in the Tumen River Economy Development Zone (TREDZ) on the basis of analysis of the superiorities and problems in developing city, and from the view point of present social, economic and natural conditions in this area and the background of Northeast Asia. The united international central city is the best distribution model not only in its polycentric spatial structure but also in organizing form. Its feasibility and practicability are thoroughly proved from various aspects including urban planning principles, comparison of port cities, special characteristics of cooperation in TREDZ, and natural, social, cultural factors etc.

Evaluation of Dissolved Organic Carbon Using Synchronized Fluorescence Emission Spectra and Unsupervised Method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA)

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be originated from autochthonous or allochthonous sources, where allochthonous DOM can be from pedogenic sources (humic substances—HSs) or anthropogenicsources (wastewater). The analysis of fluorescence emission, excitation, synchronous or excitation-emission matrix (EEM) have been used to identify the main source or probable contribution of dissolved compounds, such as humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from sewage, but does not quantify. Fluorescence emission is a powerful technique to detect and qualify organic dissolved compounds but fails in quantitative aspects. In this work, we propose an in situ method for direct determination of DOC using synchronous fluorescence spectra with independent component analysis (ICA). Well known standard solutions were used for method development and validation. In this work, we show that it is possible to predict the number of independent contributions using an unsupervised method based on iterative Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis (PCA-ICA) approach over combined matrix results. Within these results it’s also possible to see that with a very small amount of independent components it is possible to describe environmental samples of HA, FA and primary productivity (PP).

Characteristics of MOF, MWCNT and graphene containing materials for hydrogen storage: A review

Hydrogen is a generally abundant, safe, clean and environmentally apt alternative fuel, which replenishes the void generated by depleting fossil fuel reserves. The adoption of hydrogen as an energy source has been restricted to low levels due to the complications associated with its viable storage and usage. Existing technologies, such as storage of hydrogen in compressed and liquefied forms are not adequate to meet the broad on-board applications. The gravimetric energy density(120 MJ/kg) of hydrogen is three times higher than that of gasoline products, so solid-state hydrogen storage is advantageous.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) and graphene are solid adsorbents majorly employed for efficient H_2 storage. The prominent features of MOFs such as permanent porosity, structural rigidity, and surface area are attractive and ideal for hydrogen storage. In addition,nanostructured carbon materials(MWCNTs and graphene) and their composites have demonstrated significant hydrogen storage capacities. Some important parameters for the success of the hydrogen economy include high storage density, adsorption/desorption temperature and cycling time. Cryo-hydrogen storage was achieved in MOFs and their composites with carbon structures, but storage at ambient temperature and acceptable pressures is a major hurdle. This review discusses various strategies and mechanisms in the design of adsorbents explored to improve H_2 storage capacities and afford opportunities to develop new sustainable hydrogen technologies to meet energy targets.

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SPATIAL ORGANZATIONAL STRUCTURES ON THE PROVINCIAL BORDER－REGIONS OF CHINA

Based on the spatial organizational structures of the provincial border-regions (a border-region is one which borders two or more independent administrative regions), we build a spatial economic model for N-provincial border-regions (a N-p border-region is one which is under the jurisdiction of N provincial governments) and find that, for a given region with same geographical condition and resources endowment, the largest output of a N-p border-regional system will not exceed that ofa (N-1)-p border-regional system, i.e., F. Using the model in this paper, we present a quantitative method to calculate the economic impacts of 'provincial borders' and apply it to the border-region of Shanxi, Hebei, Shangdong, and Henan provinces. The result shows that the economic potential in the border-region hasnot been efficiently exploited and that the annual gross agricultural products have decreased by 10.4% due to the 4-p borders.

Comparing results of cultured and uncultured biological methods used in biological phosphorus removal

Increasing attention has been paid to phosphate-accumulating organisms （PAOs） for their important role in biological phosphorus removal. In this study, microbial communities of PAOs cultivated under different carbon sources （sewage, glucose, and sodium acetate） were investigated and compared through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, respectively. The results obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments revealed that the diversity of bacteria in a sewage-fed reactor （1#） was much higher than in a glucose-fed one （2#） and a sodium acetate-fed one （3#）; there were common PAOs in three reactors fed by different carbon sources. Five strains were separated from three systems by using a phosphaterich medium; they were from common bacteria isolated and three isolates could not be found in DGGE profile at all. Two isolates had good phosphorus removal ability. When the microbial diversity was studied, the molecular biological method was better than the culture-dependent one. When phosphorus removal characteristics were investigated, culture-dependent approach was more effective. Thus a combination of two methods is necessary to have a comprehensive view of PAOs.

会聚视角下人工智能芯片领域关键核心技术发展态势与突破路径研究

中国为人工智能(AI)芯片领域研发的后发国家,仍然面临着核心技术受制于人的困境,因此需要探究中国AI芯片领域关键核心技术的突破路径。从技术会聚的角度出发,基于全球AI芯片领域发明专利,利用熵值法识别出关键核心技术,以网络分析方法对比发现,日本、美国、韩国和中国四国在关键核心技术会聚方面存在明显的异质性。中国在AI领域的发明专利申请数量自2007年起快速增加,但其关键核心专利拥有量仅排全球第8位,存在“重数量、轻质量”的问题;四国在下一代信息网络产业、数字文化创意活动、数字创意技术设备制造、电子核心产业等方面具备明显的优势,在其他产业领域也有部分布局;四国在AI芯片领域研发有不同突破路径,其中日本采取“多产业用途少量多品种需求驱动+跨技术部类融合+产业链上下游企业深度协同合作”的路径,美国通过“产业多领域共同发展+跨技术部改变类融合+产学研深度融合”的方式,韩国采取“部分优势产业牵引+技术内部类别融合+领军企业带动产业链”的模式,而中国的突破路径为“多领域蜻蜓点水式并行发展+技术内部类别松散融合+少数企业自主攻关”。建议中国在关键核心技术基础共性部分借鉴美国的突破路径,在已有优势产业方面借鉴韩国经验,构建以科技领军企业为主的创新生态系统。

农村基层组织改革与壮大集体经济的一致性与适配性研究——以成都市乡镇行政区划和村级建制调整改革为例

乡镇行政区划和村级建制的调整改革有利于打破资源要素的区域流动障碍,促进乡村产业布局调优、乡村治理降本增效,对加速壮大集体经济意义重大。成都作为四川省乡镇行政区划和村级建制调整改革的典型,其基层组织结构的优化改革对壮大集体经济的加速作用显著,但同时也在实践中暴露出空间优化规模效应传导不足、乡村组织运行机制不明、集体资产盘活不精准等诸多新问题、新矛盾。未来持续发展壮大农村集体经济,要借助农村基层组织改革成果,以创新集体经济发展模式为切入点,完善乡村组织运行机制和收益分配机制,逐步体现数量调减、布局调优、成本降低的改革效能,重塑乡村基层治理与集体经济壮大的新版图。

菏兰铁路引入兰考南站方案研究

研究目的:设计方案比选是一个多目标、多因素、多层次的系统工程。因引入新增线路,结合预测运量,既有线路的通过能力远期已趋于饱和,需进行各方案的优缺点分析,并合理选择引入方案。本文通过菏兰铁路引入兰考南站方案研究,选择合理的引入方案,确定合理的线路走向,达到降低工程难度和节省投资的目的。研究结论:(1)本文通过对运输组织、技术经济、车站咽喉疏解近期工程、同步实施线下工程、已实施工程等诸多方面的研究,结合河南省最新城际铁路网规划,分析各方案的优缺点,确定出相对优化的推荐方案,即上下行联络线分别在东西咽喉疏解方案;(2)通过运营条件、线路长度、工程投资等诸多方面的分析,结合沿线村镇分布、联络线设置条件等因素,对引入兰考南站线路方案进行了研究,推荐东绕仪封乡以R=3 000 m限速引入兰考南站方案;(3)本文研究可为类似项目的方案比选奠定理论基础,具有一定的参考价值。

工业有机固废气化技术的研究进展

气化是解决工业有机固废高效清洁处置利用的重要技术,近年来被广泛使用,尤其在污染物减排和能源化再利用方面发挥着积极作用。通过维持还原性气氛实现气化反应,可将工业有机固废中的有机组分转化为高热值合成气。实施工业有机固废资源再生利用可以缓解对传统能源和化工原料的需求,有利于实现循环经济和可持续发展。从气化过程的影响因素、协同反应机制、产物预测等方面入手,着重综述了工艺参数、气化炉类型等对工业有机固废气化过程的影响规律,阐述了多元物料组分共气化过程中的协同作用机理。最后,梳理了近年来工业有机固废气化领域的研究重点,并提出了未来的研究方向,包括借助现代原位表征技术构建完整的协同反应路径,结合密度泛函理论解析共气化过程中的多反应耦合作用机制,利用机器学习优化工业有机固废气化的工艺参数,以及开展工业有机固废共气化的生命周期评价等。

乡村振兴战略下城乡融合发展的实践路径

阐述了乡村振兴和城乡融合发展的逻辑关系;从乡村振兴战略的产业振兴、人才振兴、文化振兴、生态宜居和组织振兴五个维度,分析了城乡融合发展受到乡村产业数据要素准备不足、乡村管理人才匮乏、乡村文化个性难以凸显、公共服务配置失衡、乡村基层党组织组织力弱化等因素的掣肘;提出了通过数字经济推动乡村产业要素集聚、优化人才发展环境、深化城乡文化价值认知、多元主体参与公共服务建设、提升乡村基层党组织组织力等实践路径,从而实现城乡产业、人才、文化、生态、组织多领域融合发展。

检察机关支持农村集体经济起诉制度探究

中国式检察机关支持起诉制度对于保障农村集体经济组织及其成员权益具有重要意义。仅具备框架性的法律依据,是导致农村集体经济领域支持起诉制度适用不足、效果不彰的根源。应从顶层设计完善民事诉讼法,明确支持起诉制度中检察机关的诉讼地位,细化诉讼规则。具体路径为:(1)明确支持起诉中检察机关定性限度;(2)完善支持起诉方式;(3)改变支持起诉启动模式;(4)支持起诉制度衔接相关法律,构建“诉前支持、诉中参与、诉后监督”的三阶递进民事支持体系。

国际体育组织总部经济效应的生成机理、多重面向与愿景展望

国际体育组织与所在城市共生共荣、相向而行,城市为国际体育组织提供了政策与空间,国际体育组织为城市的发展繁荣赋予了特有动能。引入总部经济的理论框架,以AISTS关于国际体育组织对洛桑长达十六年的经济效应追踪数据为基准,针对国际体育组织总部经济效应的生成机理、实践面向展开探究。结果表明,国际体育组织总部经济效应主要为有形效应和无形效应,其中有形效应包括区域经济增长、就业增加、旅游发展、建筑升级,而无形效应则涵盖人才增加、知名度提升、自豪感提高、体育环境改善。比较分析三个不同阶段,得出其所产生的经济效应呈现出逐渐增长的趋势,与国际体育组织的发展轨迹相一致。未来,城市与国际体育组织需要持续扩大经济效应,打造高质量旅游服务效应,塑造全球效应及利用遗产效应,从而更好地促进城市和国际体育组织的融合发展与共同繁荣。

地方普通高校科研创新平台开展有组织科研的机制和成效——以湖南科技大学独立科研机构为例

以湖南科技大学独立科研机构为例,介绍地方普通高校科研创新平台开展有组织科研的机制和成效。分析现阶段国家在高校科技创新方面的政策,阐述地方普通高校科研创新平台面临的挑战。通过介绍湖南科技大学独立科研机构在平台整合、团队建设、大项目大团队管理、顶层设计等方面有组织科研的具体做法及取得的一系列成绩和经验,提出高校科研创新平台推进有组织科研机制符合我国新的科研发展格局,有助于地方普通高校在服务社会经济中实现“双一流”建设。