35 surface soil samples and 28 profile soil samples were collected in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, Southwest China. The distribution of pollen and spores and their relationship with the environment are analyzed. T...35 surface soil samples and 28 profile soil samples were collected in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, Southwest China. The distribution of pollen and spores and their relationship with the environment are analyzed. The results show that there are significant differences in pollen and spores taxa, amounts, dominant taxa and florae between the eastern and western flanks of the Ailao Mountain. There are more pollen and spores taxa, a greater amount and complexity on the western flank of the mountain than those on the eastern flank, while the dominant taxa are more centralized and prominent on the eastern flank of the Ailao Mountain. As for the plant florae distribution, there are significant differences in the number of taxa and composition between the eastern and the western flanks. The analysis of profile pollen and spores assemblage shows that its trends of variation are basically in accordance with the surface pollen and spores, which are also indicators of the environmental differences between the two flanks of the mountain. These significant spatial differences of pollen and spores are very close to the regional topography and climate difference. The mountain running perpendicular to the moisture-laden air flow serves as a barrier and the monsoon circulations the east and the west of the mountain result in different energy-moisture characteristics. We conclude that the main patterns of the pollen and spores can be attributed to the environmental differences.展开更多
The major features of different road sections were identified.Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of highway construction were discussed,and a demonstration was presented.The Dabao highway(from Da...The major features of different road sections were identified.Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of highway construction were discussed,and a demonstration was presented.The Dabao highway(from Dali to Baoshan)and the Sixiao highway(from Simao to Xiaomengyang)passing through the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region were used as examples in this paper.For the normal road sections having no important species to protect,a method of ecosystem health assessment was introduced to calculate the overall range of the ecological impact of highway construction.For the road sections having plants or soils of interest,indexes were selected and the range of impact was determined using mathematical methods such as regression analysis and variance analysis.The range of impact on animal populations was also discussed in terms of the minimum living areas required by animal populations and the fragmentation caused by highway construction.The results indicate that the zones impacted by highway construction were composed of both regular and anomalous figures,the range of impacts for different landforms of the two sample highways were substantially different;highway construction had dramatic effects on roadside ecosystem health;the impact on soil factors of farmland was greater than 200 m,and the distance may exceed 1000 m when important large animals were considered.展开更多
Taking Dabao （from Dali City to Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China） and Sixiao （from Simao City to Xiaomengyang Town, Yunnan Province, China） highways in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region as examples. Biomass, cov...Taking Dabao （from Dali City to Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China） and Sixiao （from Simao City to Xiaomengyang Town, Yunnan Province, China） highways in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region as examples. Biomass, coverage and photosynthesis rate of different plant types on sampling points （at the distances from road of 5, 20, 40, 80, 120 and 200 m） and their control points were estimated on ground. The relations among biomass, coverage, photosynthesis rate were analyzed with an aim to explore the mechanism of the effect caused by highway construction on plant biomass. The results show, i） the impacts of highway construction on plant biomass are both positive and negative. Arbor is mainly negatively impacted, while shrub and herbage are mainly positively impacted. The effect of highway construction decrease with the increase of distance from the road; ii） highway construction exert obvious influence on plant biomass through altering the physiologic processes （reflected by the plant number） and photosynthesis, iii） highway construc- tion will result in the decrease of arbor number, photosynthesis rate and biomass, and increase of plant number, photosynthesis rate and biomass of shrub and herbage.展开更多
China＇s southwestern special terrain pattern as parallel arrangement between lon- gitudinal towering mountains and deep valleys has significant effects on the differentiation of local natural environment and eco-geog...China＇s southwestern special terrain pattern as parallel arrangement between lon- gitudinal towering mountains and deep valleys has significant effects on the differentiation of local natural environment and eco-geographical pattern in this region. The 1：50,000 Digital Elevation Model （DEM） data of Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region （LRGR）, meteorological observation data from the station establishment to 2010, hydrological observation data, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） and Net Primary Productivity （NPP） products of MOD13 and MOD17 as well as 1：1,000,000 vegetation type data were used. Moisture in- dices including surface atmospheric vapor content, precipitation, aridity/humidity index, sur- face runoff, and temperature indices including average temperature, annual accumulated temperature, total solar radiation were selected. Based on ANUSPLIN spline function, GIS spatial analysis, wavelet analysis and landscape pattern analysis, regional differentiation characteristics and main-control factors of hydrothermal pattern, ecosystem structure and function in this region were analyzed to reveal the effects of terrain pattern o~ regional dif- ferentiation of eco-geographical elements. The results show that： influenced by terrain pattern moisture, temperature and heat in LRGR have shown significant distribution cllaracteristics as intermittent weft differences and continuous warp extension. Longitudinal mountains and valleys not only have a north-south corridor function and diffusion effect on the transfer of major surface materials and energy, but also have east-west barrier function and blocking effect. Special topographic pattern has important influences on vegetation landscape diversity and spatiat pattern of ecosystem structure and function, which is the main-control factor on vegetation landscape diversity and spatial distribution of ecosystem. Wavelet variance analysis reflects the spatial anisotropy of environmental factors, NDVI and NPP, while wavelet consistency analysis reveals the control factors on spatial distribution of NDVI and NPP as well as the quantitative relationship with control degree. Special terrain pattern in LRGR is the major influencing factor on eco-geographical regional differentiation in this region. Under the combined effect of zonality and non-zonality laws with ＂corridor-barrier＂ functior as the main characteristic, special spatial characteristics of eco-geographical regional system in LRGR is formed.展开更多
基金National Basic Research Program of China, No.2003CB415101
文摘35 surface soil samples and 28 profile soil samples were collected in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, Southwest China. The distribution of pollen and spores and their relationship with the environment are analyzed. The results show that there are significant differences in pollen and spores taxa, amounts, dominant taxa and florae between the eastern and western flanks of the Ailao Mountain. There are more pollen and spores taxa, a greater amount and complexity on the western flank of the mountain than those on the eastern flank, while the dominant taxa are more centralized and prominent on the eastern flank of the Ailao Mountain. As for the plant florae distribution, there are significant differences in the number of taxa and composition between the eastern and the western flanks. The analysis of profile pollen and spores assemblage shows that its trends of variation are basically in accordance with the surface pollen and spores, which are also indicators of the environmental differences between the two flanks of the mountain. These significant spatial differences of pollen and spores are very close to the regional topography and climate difference. The mountain running perpendicular to the moisture-laden air flow serves as a barrier and the monsoon circulations the east and the west of the mountain result in different energy-moisture characteristics. We conclude that the main patterns of the pollen and spores can be attributed to the environmental differences.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40701173)the Public Benefit Project of Scientific Research on Environmental Protection(Grant No.200809072)。
文摘The major features of different road sections were identified.Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of highway construction were discussed,and a demonstration was presented.The Dabao highway(from Dali to Baoshan)and the Sixiao highway(from Simao to Xiaomengyang)passing through the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region were used as examples in this paper.For the normal road sections having no important species to protect,a method of ecosystem health assessment was introduced to calculate the overall range of the ecological impact of highway construction.For the road sections having plants or soils of interest,indexes were selected and the range of impact was determined using mathematical methods such as regression analysis and variance analysis.The range of impact on animal populations was also discussed in terms of the minimum living areas required by animal populations and the fragmentation caused by highway construction.The results indicate that the zones impacted by highway construction were composed of both regular and anomalous figures,the range of impacts for different landforms of the two sample highways were substantially different;highway construction had dramatic effects on roadside ecosystem health;the impact on soil factors of farmland was greater than 200 m,and the distance may exceed 1000 m when important large animals were considered.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2003CB415101)Key Project of Yunnan Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2003C0002Z)
文摘Taking Dabao （from Dali City to Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China） and Sixiao （from Simao City to Xiaomengyang Town, Yunnan Province, China） highways in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region as examples. Biomass, coverage and photosynthesis rate of different plant types on sampling points （at the distances from road of 5, 20, 40, 80, 120 and 200 m） and their control points were estimated on ground. The relations among biomass, coverage, photosynthesis rate were analyzed with an aim to explore the mechanism of the effect caused by highway construction on plant biomass. The results show, i） the impacts of highway construction on plant biomass are both positive and negative. Arbor is mainly negatively impacted, while shrub and herbage are mainly positively impacted. The effect of highway construction decrease with the increase of distance from the road; ii） highway construction exert obvious influence on plant biomass through altering the physiologic processes （reflected by the plant number） and photosynthesis, iii） highway construc- tion will result in the decrease of arbor number, photosynthesis rate and biomass, and increase of plant number, photosynthesis rate and biomass of shrub and herbage.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2003CB415100)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(Grant No.2003C0002Z)
基金Many thanks are due to Dr. Liu Jiang and Prof. Cui Yuanlai for their great contribution to the English translation of the paper. This research was supported by funding from the National Key Project for Basic Research of P.R.China （Grand No. 2003CB415105）, National Key Project for Science and Technology Advance of P.R.China （Grand No. 2002BA901A22）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grand No. 40261001）.
基金National Basic Research Program of China,No.2003CB415101
文摘China＇s southwestern special terrain pattern as parallel arrangement between lon- gitudinal towering mountains and deep valleys has significant effects on the differentiation of local natural environment and eco-geographical pattern in this region. The 1：50,000 Digital Elevation Model （DEM） data of Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region （LRGR）, meteorological observation data from the station establishment to 2010, hydrological observation data, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） and Net Primary Productivity （NPP） products of MOD13 and MOD17 as well as 1：1,000,000 vegetation type data were used. Moisture in- dices including surface atmospheric vapor content, precipitation, aridity/humidity index, sur- face runoff, and temperature indices including average temperature, annual accumulated temperature, total solar radiation were selected. Based on ANUSPLIN spline function, GIS spatial analysis, wavelet analysis and landscape pattern analysis, regional differentiation characteristics and main-control factors of hydrothermal pattern, ecosystem structure and function in this region were analyzed to reveal the effects of terrain pattern o~ regional dif- ferentiation of eco-geographical elements. The results show that： influenced by terrain pattern moisture, temperature and heat in LRGR have shown significant distribution cllaracteristics as intermittent weft differences and continuous warp extension. Longitudinal mountains and valleys not only have a north-south corridor function and diffusion effect on the transfer of major surface materials and energy, but also have east-west barrier function and blocking effect. Special topographic pattern has important influences on vegetation landscape diversity and spatiat pattern of ecosystem structure and function, which is the main-control factor on vegetation landscape diversity and spatial distribution of ecosystem. Wavelet variance analysis reflects the spatial anisotropy of environmental factors, NDVI and NPP, while wavelet consistency analysis reveals the control factors on spatial distribution of NDVI and NPP as well as the quantitative relationship with control degree. Special terrain pattern in LRGR is the major influencing factor on eco-geographical regional differentiation in this region. Under the combined effect of zonality and non-zonality laws with ＂corridor-barrier＂ functior as the main characteristic, special spatial characteristics of eco-geographical regional system in LRGR is formed.
