The Natural History Approach to Maintaining Ecological Balance

The present ecological imbalance is due to human beings' unrestrained desires and their actions of developing multifarious strong forces in order to conquer nature. Present science and technology and institutional arrangement still follow the old-fashioned premises. According to Tao Te Ching, nature and the natural process are sacred. The concept of Anthropocene and the idea of unpredictability from complexity science remind us that it is necessary to revive the old tradition of natural history, which is interesting enough and helps to maintain the ecological balance.

Analysis on the Natural Approach in Foreign Language Teaching

It has been a dream for foreign language teachers around the world to make use of the way one's native language is ac quired in foreign language learning.The Natural Approach(NA) is a typical one.Its theoretical basis and teaching principles will be reviewed,and then its advantages and disadvantages will be commented,to help the NA applied in China more reasonably and effectively.

VIBRATION MODE ANALYSIS OF MULTILAYERED COMPOSITE PLATES AND SHELLS USING NATURAL APPROACH

Argyris'natural approach is employed to analyze vibranon mode of multilayered composite plates and shells.The shells can be either symmetric or unsymmetric.The spectral transformation Lanczos method with selective or fully orthogonalization is used to solve the eigenvalue problem of pencil(K,M).Some problems on shift,which is essential for the success of this method, are discussed.A few numerical examples, including composite square plates and conical shells,are presented. The results show that the method in this paper is efficient and reliable for vibration mode analysis.

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery:The transvaginal route moving forward from cholecystectomy

The advent of minimally invasive surgery and the advances in endoluminal flexible endoscopy have converged to generate a new concept in digestive surgery,whose acronym natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES),has become a familiar term in the surgical community.NOTES has been performed through the mouth,the bladder,the rectum and the vagina.Of these four approaches,the vagina has gained most popularity for several reasons.It is not only readily accessible and easy to decontaminate but it also provides safe entry and simple closure.The transvaginal approach has been described in the experimental and the clinical setting as an option for cholecystectomy,nephrectomy,splenectomy,segmental gastrectomy,retroperitoneal exploration and bariatric surgery.However,larger series are needed to delineate the exact risks of this approach,and to transcend cultural barriers that impede its wider introduction.Prospective randomized trials will shed light on the definitive role of the vaginal approach in minimal invasive surgery of the future.

Classification of Conversational Sentences Using an Ensemble Pre-Trained Language Model with the Fine-Tuned Parameter

Sentence classification is the process of categorizing a sentence based on the context of the sentence.Sentence categorization requires more semantic highlights than other tasks,such as dependence parsing,which requires more syntactic elements.Most existing strategies focus on the general semantics of a conversation without involving the context of the sentence,recognizing the progress and comparing impacts.An ensemble pre-trained language model was taken up here to classify the conversation sentences from the conversation corpus.The conversational sentences are classified into four categories:information,question,directive,and commission.These classification label sequences are for analyzing the conversation progress and predicting the pecking order of the conversation.Ensemble of Bidirectional Encoder for Representation of Transformer(BERT),Robustly Optimized BERT pretraining Approach(RoBERTa),Generative Pre-Trained Transformer(GPT),DistilBERT and Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding(XLNet)models are trained on conversation corpus with hyperparameters.Hyperparameter tuning approach is carried out for better performance on sentence classification.This Ensemble of Pre-trained Language Models with a Hyperparameter Tuning(EPLM-HT)system is trained on an annotated conversation dataset.The proposed approach outperformed compared to the base BERT,GPT,DistilBERT and XLNet transformer models.The proposed ensemble model with the fine-tuned parameters achieved an F1_score of 0.88.

Integrated management of natural resources in the Ecuador Highlands

The Andean region of Ecuador is characterized by extreme poverty caused by low agricultural productivity, limited off-farm opportunities, and lack of access to markets. Poverty is related to degradation of natural resources as lagging agricultural productivity leads to incursions into fragile areas and use of erosive farming techniques on steeply sloped hillsides. Food production in fragile areas degrades soil and water resources, contributes to deforestation and loss of biodiversity, and reduces productive potential over time. This article discusses an agricultural development project designed to reduce the long-term downward development spiral in a watershed in Bolivar, Ecuador. The applied research program began with analysis of the state of soil resources, water, and biodiversity in the Chimbo sub-watershed. This information was used to design a plan with the input of local stakeholders to introduce environmentally friendly farming practices, soil and water conservation techniques, and various institutional innovations to promote resource conservation. This adaptive management program has been a solid success. This article describes the project, the challenges it faced, and how the process of adaptive management led to consensus among stakeholders about the appropriateness of sustainable management practices. We show how implementation of enhanced management practices contribute to reduced environmental vulnerability and improved welfare.

Development of a least squares support vector machine model for prediction of natural gas hydrate formation temperature

Hydrates always are considered as a threat to petroleum industry due to the operational problems it can cause.These problems could result in reducing production performance or even production stoppage for a long time.In this paper, we were intended to develop a LSSVM algorithm for prognosticating hydrate formation temperature(HFT) in a wide range of natural gas mixtures. A total number of 279 experimental data points were extracted from open literature to develop the LSSVM. The input parameters were chosen based on the hydrate structure that each gas species form. The modeling resulted in a robust algorithm with the squared correlation coefficients(R^2) of 0.9918. Aside from the excellent statistical parameters of the model, comparing proposed LSSVM with some of conventional correlations showed its supremacy, particularly in the case of sour gases with high H_2S concentrations, where the model surpasses all correlations and existing thermodynamic models. For detection of the probable doubtful experimental data, and applicability of the model, the Leverage statistical approach was performed on the data sets. This algorithm showed that the proposed LSSVM model is statistically valid for HFT prediction and almost all the data points are in the applicability domain of the model.

Perspectives and challenges of tropical medicinal herbs and modern drug discovery in the current scenario

Tropical diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis, account for a large number of deaths annually. Herbs are an excellent source of tropical medicines. Many advancements and discoveries have taken place in the field of drug discovery but still, a major population of tropical diseases relies on herbal traditional medicine. There are some challenges related to policy implementation, efficacy, resistance and toxicity of tropical medicines. There are many tropical diseases such as such as schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, African sleeping sickness, filariasis and chagas disease which are neglected because very few pharmaceutical companies have shown their interest in developing therapeutics against these diseases of poor people. There are many benefits associated with herbal medicine such as the cost of production, patient tolerance, large scale availability, efficacy, safety, potency, recyclability, and environment friendly. A large number of natural extracts such as curcumin, artemisinin, morphine, reserpine, and hypericin, are in use for treatment of different tropical diseases for a long time. The current review is to discuss the overview of tropical medicinal herbs, its scope and limitations in the modern drug discovery process.

Robotic transanal total mesorectal excision:Is the future now?

Total mesorectal excision(TME)is the standard surgical treatment for the curative radical resection of rectal cancers.Minimally invasive TME has been gaining ground favored by the continuous technological advancements.New procedures,such as transanal TME(TaTME),have been introduced to overcome some technical limitations,especially in low rectal tumors,obese patients,and/or narrow pelvis.The earliest TaTME reports showed promising results when compared with the conventional laparoscopic TME.However,recent publications raised concerns regarding the high rates of anastomotic leaks or local recurrences observed in national series.Robotic TaTME(R-TaTME)has been proposed as a novel technique incorporating the potential benefits of a perineal dissection together with precise control of the distal margins,and also offers all those advantages provided by the robotic technology in terms of improved precision and dexterity.Encouraging short-term results have been reported for R-TaTME,but further studies are needed to assess the real role of the new technique in the long-term oncological or functional outcomes.The present review aims to provide a general overview of R-TaTME by analyzing the body of the available literature,with a special focus on the potential benefits,harms,and future perspectives for this novel approach.

Effectiveness of Firewise Approach(FWA)in Controlling Forest Fire:A Case of Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve(UNFR),Morogoro,Tanzania

Forest fire has received considerable attention in literature because it is considered one of the most common factors causing disturbances in ecosystems and at the same time considered vital in maintaining ecosystems.Firewise Approach(FWA)has been proposed and used for controlling forest fire and achieving sustainable forest management.The approach requires involvement of communities in managing forest fire incidences in reserved forests.Despite considerable period since FWA has been practiced,there is insufficient scholarly knowledge on effectiveness of the approach in managing forest fire.This paper examines the effectiveness of FWA in managing forest fires in Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve(UNFR).The study employed cross-section research design that involved quantitative and qualitative data collection.The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS)software and content analysis.The study found alternating periods:the period of overall decrease of wildfire incidences within initial five years of practising the approach.The study concludes that the FWA is useful in reducing forest fire incidences during early period of practising the approach and another period of huge fire occurrence beyond five years.However,the FWA has challenges of sustaining successes in controlling forest fires including limited fire management training to common community.The study recommends sustaining communities’trainings on forest fire management.

The Student-Centered and Topic-Based Approach in College English Teaching

The Natural Approach has got through the debates and is proved to be helpful in foreign language teaching.Based on this,the student-centered & topic-based approach is proved to be an appropriate way in college English teaching.This paper is devoted to justifying the effectiveness of this approach in the college English classroom,and providing an organization of a typical college English class.

The Relationship between Nature and Human Beings in Wide Sargasso Sea

Famous for giving voice to Bertha, the marginalized mad woman in the attic in Jane Eyre, Wide Sargasso Sea is filled with vivid description of nature, which contributes to the successful characterization of main characters and shows the theme of the relationship between nature and human beings. However few attention is paid to that theme. The mythological and archetypal approach is thus adopted to analyze three major characters and fill the gap. Antoinette is viewed as the daughter of nature. Christophine functions as the incarnation of nature. Rochester plays the role of the intruder who does harm to nature. To conclude, Wide Sargasso Sea is not only a criticism of anthropocentrism but also a warning bell to the stereotyped opposition in the western culture. After the successful shaking of the fixed order, Wide Sargasso Sea also drops a hint that there exists the hope to build a new world where human beings and nature, men and women keep a harmonious and balanced relationship.

THE (n, 2n) CROSS-SECTION FOR Na—23 BETWEEN E_n=13.3—18.5 MeV

The （n,2n） cross- section for 23Na have been measured by the activation method in the energy range of En=13.3—18.5 MeV. Monoenergetic neutrons were obtained from T（d,n） 4He reaction at Ed=2.3 MeV. The induced specific activities were detected by a coincidence counting setup. For comparison, the other measured, evaluated and calculated data from En=12—20 MeV are also given.

Recent advances in the culture-independent discovery of natural products using metagenomic approaches

Natural products derived from bacterial sources have long been pivotal in the discovery of drug leads.However,the cultivation of only about 1%of bacteria in laboratory settings has left a significant portion of biosynthetic diversity hidden within the genomes of uncultured bacteria.Advances in sequencing technologies now enable the exploration of genetic material from these metagenomes through culture-independent methods.This approach involves extracting genetic sequences from environmental DNA and applying a hybrid methodology that combines functional screening,sequence tag-based homology screening,and bioinformatic-assisted chemical synthesis.Through this process,numerous valuable natural products have been identified and synthesized from previously uncharted metagenomic territories.This paper provides an overview of the recent advancements in the utilization of culture-independent techniques for the discovery of novel biosynthetic gene clusters and bioactive small molecules within metagenomic libraries.

滇西热泉中9个16S rDNA克隆的分析

用免培养法 (Culture independentapproach)从腾冲大滚锅和龙陵大沸泉两个高温热泉中获得的 1 6SrDNA ,经克隆筛选 ,测定了其中 9个克隆的 1 6SrDNA插入片段的近全序列 ,构建系统发育树进行分析。结果表明 ,9个克隆中有 4个是Thermus属、 2个是Bacillus属、1个是Hydrogenobacter属、 1个是Pseudomonas属 ,还有 1个在Thermodesulfobacteriaceae科 ,介于Geothermbacterium属和Thermodesulfobacteria属之间。

考虑应急组织要素的城市洪水Na-Tech事件演化研究

为分析应急组织要素在城市洪水Na-Tech事件演化中的作用模式,依据灾害系统要素间的复杂交互关系,构建城市洪水Na-Tech事件演化网络结构。将贝叶斯网络作为分析工具,以中国综合灾害信息网数据库(CCDIN)案例为训练样本,推理计算先验概率,选取2个城市洪水灾害案例,验证贝叶斯网络的预测精度。分析强政府弱社会与弱政府强社会2种应急组织整合模式。研究表明:政府应急部门运行效率相对较高,在人员救助方面具有较强的优势;社会应急组织的运行效率一般,在生活物资保障方面具有一定优势;媒体报道效率一般,在安抚民众恐慌情绪方面具有优势。针对城市洪水NaTech事件,应整合政府、社会、媒体等应急组织,增强灾害应对效果。

天然斜发沸石水热转化Na-P沸石及其吸附镉的性能研究

以河北承德围场地区天然沸石为原料,对其进行水热改性制备Na-P沸石。采用X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、气体吸附仪、扫描电镜和能谱分析仪等对材料进行表征分析,采用Cd^(2+)离子评价材料的重金属离子去除性能。研究碱处理浓度、水热温度和时间对天然沸石结构的影响规律,着重研究所制备Na-P沸石的组成结构特征及重金属离子去除性能。结果表明:在NaOH浓度3 mol/L、水热温度100℃、水热时间12 h的条件下,斜发沸石可转化为纯度较高的Na-P沸石。所得材料对Cd^(2+)的吸附容量为35.7 mg/g,较天然沸石提升7倍。Na-P沸石性能的提升主要归功于其较低的硅铝比和较高的表面Na^(+)含量。

Fe-M和Ti-M(M=Li,Na,K)体系的相图热力学研究

基于已有的试验数据,采用相图计算法对Fe-M和Ti-M(M=Li,Na,K)体系进行相图热力学研究。通过热力学优化计算获得了一套描述液相、(αFe)、(γFe)、(δFe)、(αTi)、(βTi)、(Li)、(Na)和(K)相的热力学参数。Ti-Li、Ti-Na和Ti-K体系中的气相视为理想气体。计算数据与试验相图数据对比表明,本文获得的热力学参数能准确描述试验相平衡数据。

V-M(M=Li,Na,K,Sc,Ag)二元系的相图热力学研究

基于文献报道的实验数据,采用相图计算(CALPHAD:CALculation of PHAse Diagrams)方法对V-M(M=Li,Na,K,Sc,Ag)5个二元系进行相图热力学研究。通过热力学优化计算获得了一套描述液相、(V)、(Li)、(Na)、(K)、(αSc)、(βSc)和(Ag)相的热力学参数。V-Li、V-Na和V-K体系中的气相视为由组元V、Li、Li2、Na、Na2、K和K2混合的理想气体。与实验相图数据对比表明,获得的热力学参数能够准确地描述实验相平衡数据。

Zr-X(X=Li,Na,K,Sc,Hf)体系的二元相图理论研究

采用相图计算(CALPHAD:Calculation of phase diagrams)方法对Zr-X(X=Li,Na,K,Sc,Hf)5个二元体系进行了相图热力学研究.基于实验数据,通过热力学优化计算获得了一套描述液相及(αZr),(βZr),(Li),(Na),(K),(αSc),(βSc),(αHf)和(βHf)相的热力学参数.Zr-Li,Zr-Na和Zr-K体系中的气相视为理想气体.与实验相图数据对比发现,本文获得的热力学参数能够准确地描述实验相平衡数据.