Infinitely Many Solutions and a Ground-State Solution for Klein-Gordon Equation Coupled with Born-Infeld Theory

In this paper, we intend to consider a kind of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation coupled with Born-Infeld theory. By using critical point theory and the method of Nehari manifold, we obtain two existing results of infinitely many high-energy radial solutions and a ground-state solution for this kind of system, which improve and generalize some related results in the literature.

The Influential Mechanisms of Theory of Mind on Prosocial Behavior and the Effect of Mindfulness Intervention

Background:Theory of Mind(ToM)and empathy are crucial cognitive and emotional capacities that influence social interactions.While their role in promoting prosocial behavior has been established,the potential moderating effect of mindfulness on this relationship remains unexplored.Understanding these complex interactions is vital for developing effective interventions to foster prosocial behavior among college students.This study examines the influence of ToM on college students’prosocial behavior and explores the moderating role of mindfulness in this relationship.Methods:A mixed-methods approach combining questionnaires and experimental design was employed.Study 1:A survey of 759 college students(mean age 22.03 years;477 females)was conducted using the ToM Scale,Interpersonal Reactivity Index,Prosocial Behavior Tendency Scale,and Mindfulness Awareness Scale.Data were analyzed using correlation and moderated mediation analyses.Study 2:An 8-week mindfulness attention training program was implemented for the intervention group and compared with a control group.Mindfulness training served as a moderating variable to validate Model 59 from Study 1.Results:1.Study 1 found:(a)ToM was significantly positively correlated with prosocial behavior(r=0.31,p<0.01).(b)Empathy partially mediated the relationship between ToM and prosocial behavior(β=0.10,p<0.001,95%CI[0.06,0.14]).(c)Mindfulness negatively moderated the direct path between ToM and three dimensions of prosocial behavior,as well as the indirect path between empathy and kin altruism and reciprocal altruism.Specifically,high levels of mindfulness weakened the direct impact of ToM on prosocial behavior.High levels of mindfulness also weakened the indirect influence of ToM on prosocial behavior through empathy.2.Study 2 results showed:(a)The intervention group had significantly higher levels of trait mindfulness compared to the control group(t=2.56,p<0.05).(b)The validity of the moderated mediation model 59 from Study 1 was verified.Conclusion:While ToM and empathy play crucial roles in fostering prosocial behavior,mindfulness exhibits a more complex influence than anticipated,potentially inhibiting prosocial behavior under certain circumstances.These findings offer novel insights into the psychological mechanisms underlying prosocial behavior and underscore the importance of considering multiple interacting factors in its promotion.

Psychological intervention based on social cognitive theory: Treating pain, anxiety, and depression in perioperative patients

BACKGROUND Surgery is an effective method for treating certain diseases.Factors such as disease,preoperative fear and tension,surgical stress,postoperative pain,and related complications directly affect the smooth progression and outcome of surgery.Patients may experience a series of psychological and physiological changes during the perioperative period,resulting in anxiety and depression,which may reduce the pain threshold and worsen their prognosis.METHODS We enrolled 200 patients who underwent surgical care at The First People’s Hospital of Lin’an District,Hangzhou between January and December 2023.They were categorized into a routine intervention group(n=103)and a psychological intervention group(n=97),based on the intervention strategies used.Various assessment tools,including the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),the self-rating depression scale(SDS),and the Connor–Davidson Resilience scale,were used to measure patients’negative states and emotions.The pre-and post-intervention scores for these metrics in the two groups were then analyzed.RESULTS In the psychological intervention group,the SAS and SDS scores(31.56±5.18 and 31.46±4.57,respectively)were significantly reduced compared to the routine intervention group(P<0.05).The visual analog scale pain scores at 12 and 24 hours after intervention(6.85±1.21,4.24±0.72)were notably higher than those in the routine intervention group(P<0.05).The psychological intervention group also demonstrated superior scores in perseverance(36.08±3.29),self-reliance(22.63±2.91),optimism(11.42±1.98),and resilience(70.13±5.37),compared to the routine intervention group(P<0.05).Additionally,the psychological intervention group’s confrontation score(23.16±4.29)was higher(P<0.05).This group also reported lower scores in avoidance(9.28±1.94)and yielding(6.19±1.92)(P<0.05).Lastly,the Short Form 36 Health Survey scores were significantly higher in the psychological intervention group,indicating a better quality of life(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Psychological intervention measures based on SCT can effectively alleviate pain,anxiety,and depression in periop-erative patients.

Bound State Description of Particles from a Quantum Field Theory of Fermions and Bosons, Compatible with Relativity

Both, the dilemma to find a quantum field theory consistent with Einstein’s law of relativity and the problem to describe existing particles as bound states of matter has been solved by calculating bound state matrix elements from a dual fermion-boson Lagrangian. In this formalism, the fermion binding energies are compensated by boson energies, indicating that particles can be generated out of the vacuum. This yields quantitative solutions for various mesons ω (0.78 GeV) - Υ (9.46 GeV) and all leptons e, μ and τ, with uncertainties in the extracted properties of less than 1‰. For transparency, a Web-page with the address htpps://h2909473.stratoserver.net has been constructed, where all calculations can be run on line and also the underlying fortran source code can be inspected.

Impact of Nursing Interventions Based on Self- Efficacy Theory on HAMA and HAMD Scores in Patients with Hepatitis B Cirrhosis

Objective:To explore the effect of nursing interventions based on self-efficacy theory guidance on psychological stress indicators in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:70 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis from October 2023 to May 2024 were selected and grouped by random number table.The observation group received nursing intervention based on self-efficacy theory,while the control group received routine nursing.The differences in psychological stress indicators,self-efficacy indicators,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD)scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale(CDSES)scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);and nursing satisfaction scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Hepatitis B cirrhosis patients receiving nursing care based on self-efficacy theory can stimulate patients'self-efficacy,calm their emotions,and their overall satisfaction is high.

Rigidity Symmetry Line for Thermodynamic Fluid Equations-of-State

We report progress towards a modern scientific description of thermodynamic properties of fluids following the discovery (in 2012) of a coexisting critical density hiatus and a supercritical mesophase defined by percolation transitions. The state functions density ρ(p,T), and Gibbs energy G(p,T), of fluids, e.g. CO2, H2O and argon exhibit a symmetry characterised by the rigidity, ω = (dp/dρ)T, between gaseous and liquid states along any isotherm from critical (Tc) to Boyle (TB) temperatures, on either side of the supercritical mesophase. Here, using experimental data for fluid argon, we investigate the low-density cluster physics description of an ideal dilute gas that obeys Dalton’s partial pressure law. Cluster expansions in powers of density relate to a supercritical liquid-phase rigidity symmetry (RS) line (ω = ρrs(T) = RT) to gas phase virial coefficients. We show that it is continuous in all derivatives, linear within stable fluid phase, and relates analytically to the Boyle-work line (BW) (w = (p/ρ)T = RT), and to percolation lines of gas (PB) and liquid (PA) phases by: ρBW(T) = 2ρPA(T) = 3ρPB(T) = 3ρRS(T)/2 for T TB. These simple relationships arise, because the higher virial coefficients (bn, n ≥ 4) cancel due to clustering equilibria, or become negligible at all temperatures (0 T TB) within the gas phase. The Boyle-work line (p/ρBW)T is related exactly at lower densities as T → TB, and accurately for liquid densities, by ρBW(T) = −(b2/b3)T. The RS line, ω(T) = RT, defines a new liquid-density ground-state physical constant (ρRS(0) = (2/3)ρBW(0) for argon). Given the gas-liquid rigidity symmetry, the entire thermodynamic state functions below TB are obtainable from b2(T). A BW-line ground-state crystal density ρBW(0) can be defined by the pair potential minimum. The Ar2 pair potential, ∅ij(rij) determines b2(T) analytically for all T. This report, therefore, advances the salient objective of liquid-state theory: an argon p(ρ,T) Equation-of-state is obtained from ∅ij(rij) for all fluid states, without any adjustable parameters.

Reconstructing Equation of State for Dark Energy in Double Complex Symmetric Gravitational Theory

We propose to study the accelerating expansion of the universe in the double complex symmetric gravitational theory （DCSGT）. The universe we live in is taken as the real part of the whole spacetime MC^4（J）, which is double complex. By introducing the spatially flat FRW metric, not only the double Friedmann equations but also the two constraint conditions py = 0 and J^2 = 1 are obtained. Farthermore, using parametric DL（z） ansatz, we reconstruct the ω/（z） and V（Ф） for dark energy from real observational data. We find that in the two cases of J = i, pJ = 0, and J = ε, pJ≠0, the corresponding equations of state ω＇（z） remain close to -1 at present （z = 0） and change from below -1 to above -1. The results illustrate that the whole spacetime, i.e. the double complex spacetime MC^4（J）, may be either ordinary complex （J = i, pJ = 0） or hyperbolic complex （J = ε, pJ≠ 0）. And the fate of the universe would be Big Rip in the future.

Prediction of the viscosity of natural gas at high temperature and high pressure using free-volume theory and entropy scaling

Eighteen models based on two equations of state(EoS),three viscosity models,and four mixing rules were constructed to predict the viscosities of natural gases at high temperature and high pressure(HTHP)conditions.For pure substances,the parameters of free volume(FV)and entropy scaling(ES)models were found to scale with molecular weight,which indicates that the ordered behavior of parameters of Peng-Robinson(PR)and Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory(PC-SAFT)propagates to the behavior of parameters of viscosity model.Predicting the viscosities of natural gases showed that the FV and ES models respectively combined with MIX4 and MIX2 mixing rules produced the best accuracy.Moreover,the FV models were more accurate for predicting the viscosities of natural gases than ES models at HTHP conditions,while the ES models were superior to PRFT models.The average absolute relative deviations of the best accurate three models,i.e.,PC-SAFT-FV-MIX4,tPR-FVMIX4,and PC-SAFT-ES-MIX2,were 5.66%,6.27%,and 6.50%,respectively,which was available for industrial production.Compared with the existing industrial models(corresponding states theory and LBC),the proposed three models were more accurate for modeling the viscosity of natural gas,including gas condensate.

Effects of a theory of planned behavior-based intervention on breastfeeding behaviors after cesarean section:A randomized controlled trial

Objectives:To examine the efficacy of an intervention based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB)in improving breastfeeding behavior among women with cesarean sections(C-sections).Methods:This research was a randomized controlled trial.Women with planned elective C-sections were recruited to participate in a randomized controlled trial between June and September 2020.One hundred thirty-two women were divided randomly into the intervention(n=66)and control group(n=66)by systematic random sampling.In the intervention group,an intervention project was implemented after Keywords:Breastfeeding Cesarean section Intervention studies Theory of planned behavior the C-section to establish positive breastfeeding attitudes,cultivate supportive subjective norms,enhance perceived behavioral control,and strengthen breastfeeding intention to change behaviors.Those in the control group received routine pre-and post-delivery care.Exclusive breastfeeding rate and breast problem were collected at 5 days,2 weeks,and 1 month after C-section.The modified Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool(BAPT)on the first day in the hospital,two weeks,and one month after C-section and Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)24 h postoperatively were used to compare the intervention effect between the two groups.Results:After the intervention,the intervention group had significantly higher exclusive breastfeeding rates than the control group at five days(86.4%vs.60.6%),two weeks(77.3%vs.57.6%),and one month(74.2%vs.50.0%)after the C-section.Besides,the intervention group was less likely to have sore nipples at five days(6.1%vs.18.2%in the control group,P<0.05)and two weeks(9.1%vs.12.1%in the control group,P<0.05).After two weeks of intervention,attitude scores(90.64±8.31 vs.87.20±8.15,P<0.05),subjective norm scores(88.07±24.65 vs.79.42±19.47,P<0.05)and behavior control scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group.After one month of intervention,attitude scores(90.34±10.35 vs.84.22±10.51,P<0.05)and behavior control scores(43.13±5.02 vs.39.15±4.69,P<0.05)in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group,which resulted in the higher breastfeeding intention in the intervention group.Conclusion:This study indicated that the TPB-based interventions effectively improved women's breastfeeding behaviors after C-sections.

Theoretical Study of Geometric Structures for Ground-state Al_nC(n=2-7) Clusters

With the aid of the molecular orbital DMol3 program,the energetics and electronic structures of several AlnC（n = 2-7） configurations have been searched and calculated by improved minimum energy paths（MEPs） by setting ＂imaging product＂.A new high symmetry,supervalence isomer of Al5C cluster,i.e.,D5h-Al5C,at the local minimum in the MEPs is detected.Several parameters,such as binding energy,HOMO-LUMO energy gap,vertical electron detachment energy and electron affinity energy,are calculated to characterize and evaluate the stability of three Al5C configurations,i.e.,D5h-Al5C,Cs-Al5C and C1-Al5C.The results show that the D5h-Al5C cluster is the ground state structure instead of Cs-Al5C.Due to the formation of many central σ bonds after polymerizing for D5h-Al5C,the decrease of the energy for HOMO orbit results in more territory for HOMO electrons of dislocation effect,then the energy difference between HOMO and LUMO is increasing to enhance the stability of molecules to produce such supervalence structure of Al5C cluster.The configuration evolution between D5h-Al5C,Cs-Al5C and C1-Al5C and the synthesis preference in the mode of Al5 ＋ C → Al5C reveals that the Cs-Al5C and C1-Al5C con-figurations are permissive to coexist with D5h-Al5C structure in energetics.

Multitarget stool DNA for colorectal cancer screening:A review and commentary on the United States Preventive Services Draft Guidelines

Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage CRC.The evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is robust.The clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing adherence.In a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual adherence.This paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using USPSTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.

Derivation of Martin-Hou Equation of State from Hard-particle Perturbation Theory

In this paper, the Martin-Hou equation of state is derived by using a power series representation of radial distribution function and an analytic representation of multi-section potential based on the Barker-Henderson hard-particle perturbation theory including high-order terms. In the derivation, a theoretical form of Martin-Hou equation was obtained. It had a similar form and the same capability to predict P-V-T properties as the Martin-Hou equation and no additional data were required for evaluating the constants. The characteristic constants of the theoretical expression have certain relationships with the molecular parameters.

Engineering d-band states of(CuGa)_(x)Zn_(1-2x)Ga_(2)S_(4)material for photocatalytic syngas production

The d-band states of catalytic materials participate in adsorbing reactive intermediate species and determine the catalytic behaviors in CO_(2)reduction reactions.However,surface d-band states relating to the photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reactions behaviors are rarely concerned.Herein,a slightly amount of Cd^(2+)is decorated on the surface of(CuGa)_(x)Zn_(1-2x)Ga_(2)S_(4)material(Cd^(2+)/(CuGa)_(x)Zn_(1-2x)Ga_(2)S_(4))to tune the surface d-band states for improved CO_(2)+2reduction reactions.The Cd/(CuGa)_(x)Zn_(1-2x)Ga_(2)S_(4)is fabricated via the facile ions-exchange method to make that slightly Zn2+is substituted by Cd^(2+).The Cd^(2+)/(CuGa)_(x)Zn_(1-2x)Ga_(2)S_(4)exhibits much enhanced photocatalytic activity in CO_(2)reduction reactions to produce CO and water splitting to produce H_(2).Physical characterizations show that the energy band structure is not changed obviously.Density functional theory reveals that Cd^(2+)/(CuGa)_(x)Zn_(1-2x)Ga_(2)S_(4)possesses a closer shift of d-band center to Fermi level than(CuGa)_(x)Zn_(1-2x)Ga_(2)S_(4),suggesting easier adsorption of CO_(2)reduction reactive intermediates after Cd^(2+)decoration.Further calculations confirm that a relatively reduced adsorption Gibbs energy of reactive intermediates in CO_(2)reduction reaction is required on Zn atoms in Cd^(2+)/(CuGa)_(x)Zn_(1-2x)Ga_(2)S_(4)material,benefiting the photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reactions.This work engineers surface d-band states by surface Cd^(2+)decoration,which gives an effective strategy to design highly efficient photocatalysts for syngas production.

Fukui Functions for the Temporary Anion Resonance States of Be^-, Mg^-, and Ca^-

In this work,the Fukui functions of the two ~2P resonance states of Be,a ~2P resonance state of Mg~–,and a ~2D resonance state of Ca~– have been determined.The trajectories of these resonance states,in conjunction with the complex rotation of the Hamiltonian,were used to determine their wave functions.The electron densities,Fukui functions,and values of the hyper-radius<r^2>were computed from these wave functions.The Fukui functions have negative regions in the valence shell in addition to the inner shell regions,indicating screening effects of the outer temporary electron.Selected configuration interactions with up to quadruple excitations were used along the trajectories and for computing the final wave function.Based on this data,the densities,Fukui functions,and<r^2>were calculated.

Predicting of Power Quality Steady State Index Based on Chaotic Theory Using Least Squares Support Vector Machine

An effective power quality prediction for regional power grid can provide valuable references and contribute to the discovering and solving of power quality problems. So a predicting model for power quality steady state index based on chaotic theory and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is proposed in this paper. At first, the phase space reconstruction of original power quality data is performed to form a new data space containing the attractor. The new data space is used as training samples for the LSSVM. Then in order to predict power quality steady state index accurately, the particle swarm algorithm is adopted to optimize parameters of the LSSVM model. According to the simulation results based on power quality data measured in a certain distribution network, the model applies to several indexes with higher forecasting accuracy and strong practicability.

The Gap Labelling Integrated Density of States for a Quasi Crystal Universe Is Identical to the Observed 4.5 Percent Ordinary Energy Density of the Cosmos

Condense matter methods and mathematical models used in solving problems in solid state physics are transformed to high energy quantum cosmology in order to estimate the magnitude of the missing dark energy of the universe. Looking at the problem from this novel viewpoint was rewarded by a rather unexpected result, namely that the gap labelling method of integrated density of states for three dimensional icosahedral quasicrystals is identical to the previously measured and theoretically concluded ordinary energy density of the universe, namely a mere 4.5 percent of Einstein’s energy density, i.e. E(O) = mc2/22 where E is the energy, m is the mass and c is the speed of light. Consequently we conclude that the missing dark energy density must be E(D) = 1 - E(O) = mc2(21/22) in agreement with all known cosmological measurements and observations. This result could also be interpreted as a strong evidence for the self similarity of the geometry of spacetime, which is an expression of its basic fractal nature.

Theory Critique of Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring

Theory is considered essential for integral assessment, adopting its foundations and concepts is of great utility. The theory provides different templates to help nurses provide care that respects patients and improves outcomes. Through understanding the intersection of nursing, patients, health, and the environment, theories aim to simplify the complicated, ever-evolving relationship that nurses have with their profession. Nursing theory helps distinguish nursing as a separate discipline from medicine and related sciences, and assists nurses in understanding their patients and their needs. The behaviors of healthcare providers affect how patients participate in and experience care situations. In the nursing discipline, the theoretical structures of caring have been established as the core concept of guidance in all nurses’ work. The aim of this paper is to develop a critique of Kristen Swanson’s theory of caring—a theory structured around five caring principles (maintaining belief, knowing, being with, doing for, and enabling) by applying it to nursing practice. When applied to nursing practice, each of these five stages stimulates the caregiver’s attitude, which in turn improves the overall patient’s well-being. Implications to nursing practice are mentioned [1] [2].

Calculation of Viscosities of Liquid Mixtures Using Eyring's Theory in Combination with Cubic Equations of State

Cubic equations of state (EOS) have been combined with the absolute rate theory of Eyring to calculate viscosities of liquid mixtures. A modified Huron-Vidal gE-mixing rule is employed in the calculation and in comparison with the van Laar and the Redlich-Kister-type mixing rule. The EOS method gives an accurate correlation of liquid viscosities with an overall average deviation less than 1% for 67 binary systems including aqueous solutions. It is also successful in extrapolating viscosity data over a certain temperature range using parameters obtained from the isotherm at a given temperature and in predicting viscosities of ternary solutions from binary parameters for either polar or associated systems.

Modeling of Surface Tension and Viscosity for Non-electrolyte Systems by Means of the Equation of State for Square-well Chain Fluids with Variable Interaction Range

The equation of state(EOS)for square-well chain fluid with variable range(SWCF-VR) developed in our previous work based on statistical mechanical theory for chemical association is employed for the correlations of surface tension and viscosity of common fluids and ionic liquids(ILs).A model of surface tension for multi-component mixtures is presented by combining the SWCF-VR EOS and the scaled particle theory and used to produce the surface tension of binary and ternary mixtures.The predicted surface tensions are in excellent agreement with the experimental data with an overall average absolute relative deviation(AAD)of 0.36%.A method for the calculation of dynamic viscosity of common fluids and ILs at high pressure is presented by combining Eyring’s rate theory of viscosity and the SWCF-VR EOS.The calculated viscosities are in good agreement with the experimental data with the overall AAD of 1.44% for 14 fluids in 84 cases.The salient feature is that the molecular parameters used in these models are self-consistent and can be applied to calculate different thermodynamic properties such as pVT,vapor-liquid equilibrium,caloric properties,surface tension,and viscosity.

The Rethinking of “State Shinto” in Japanese Academia After World War Ⅱ

The Shinto Directive,the official source of the term“State Shinto”,on the one hand defines the concept of“State Shinto”in a narrow sense,and on the other hand reveals its profound connotation and generalized extension.In 1945,after the Allied Forces issued the Shinto Directive,Japanese academia carried out in-depth research around“State Shinto”,and gradually formed the“two camps”consisting of scholars who advocated the theory of“State Shinto in a Broad Sense”and insisted on the theory of“State Shinto in a Narrow Sense”.In the process of promoting the democratic reform,the theory of“State Shinto in a Broad Sense”gradually developed into the general theory of“State Shinto”after the war;With the continuous advancement of empirical research,the“State Shinto in a Narrow Sense”gradually rose.While enriching the post-war research of“State Shinto”,it also provided a theoretical basis for historical revisionists to distort and cover up history.Finally,under the situation that the trend of Japanese political right deviation is increasingly intensified,the limitations of the“broad sense”and“narrow sense”camps are broken,and the study of“State Shinto”has entered a new stage.