The Empirical Analysis of Difference of Urban-rural Residents’ Marginal Propensity to Consume

According to the data concerning consumption and income in 55 Years of Statistics Chronicle of New China,China Statistical Yearbook,by using econometric model,this paper expounds the reason of shortage of residents’ consumption demand in China and tests the difference of marginal propensity to consume of China's urban-rural residents.The results show that the urban residents’ marginal propensity to consume is greater than rural residents’ marginal propensity to consume in China,but the urban residents’ marginal propensity to consume tends to decline,while the rural residents’ marginal propensity to consume tends to rise.In terms of urban-rural income structure,consumption structure and consumption of consumer durables,this paper analyzes the reason of the change of urban-rural residents’ marginal propensity to consume,and it can be described from following 3 aspects:first,urban residents’ income is mainly wage and salary,while urban residents’ income is mainly operating net income.The urban residents are conservative towards the expected income,while rural residents are relatively optimistic towards the expected income;second,in comparison with rural residents’ consumption structure,the urban residents’ consumption structure has big proportion of unessential expenditure,so the income elasticity of consumption is big;third,the urban residents’ traditional consumer durables approach saturation,while the rural residents’ traditional consumer durables are still at the period of increase,and the urban residents’ purchase of emerging consumer durables is inhibited,with great fluctuation.Based on research results and actual situation,this paper puts forward that the key of spurring increase of China's consumption demand is to expand consumption demand of rural residents.

Validating the demand for goat meat in the US meat market

There is a large body of literature in economics examining the US meat market, but few studies have focused on the US goat meat market. This study, as a catch-up effort, provides an estimate of the demand for goat meat and assesses the impact of driving factors in the US goat meat market. The data for this study were collected in 11 southern states and specifically elicit the demand and consumer preferences in this non-conventional market. Four econometric models are fitted to examine the multiple layers of the demand, including the current, the potential, the latent, and the seasonal demand. Findings indicate a substantial demand for goat meat with great growth potential, driven by demographic factors and food safety concerns. Ethnic groups and the aged comprise the current niches for goat meat, and the preferences for healthy and safe meat will define the market in the future.

The Effect of Variable Electricity Tariffs in the Household on Usage of Household Appliances

Demand side management (DSM) has been discussed and investigated widely as a strategy to also influence residential energy consumption. Flexible energy tariffs are often proposed as a possible tool of DSM. However, real-life experience with this tool is rare. It was therefore the objective of this study to investigate under more realistic conditions how consumers are able and willing to adjust their residential energy consumption under the conditions of flexible energy tariffs with and without the support of intelligent smart appliances. Sixty-seven households in Germany within an experimental design with fictive tariff model (August 11 to July 12) driven by RWE Effizienz GmbH, as the energy utility, and Miele & Cie.KG, as the appliance manufacturer, were equipped with intelligent smart meters and 41 of them also with smart appliances (washing-machine and tumble-dryer). As a first part of the experiment, the energy tariff changed per hour and day by day, depending on the forecast of the availability of renewable energy in Germany between 10 €-Cent and 40 €-Cent per kWh. Consumers could respond to this change by adjusting the operation of their energyconsuming appliances either by themselves or—with the smart appliances—by a programmed start at low tariffs. The behaviour of the 41 consumers with smart appliances and their motivation are intensively investigated and analysed during this running two year project including several questionnaires. The consumers had to fill out daily a diary about the usage of their washing-machine, tumble-dryer, dishwasher and ironing devices. These data were matched with the actual tariff. This did allow identifying if and to which extend the consumers adjust their household activities depending on availability of solar and wind energy. These data were also used to calculate the cost savings by using the flexible tariff. In comparison to the costs of the fixed tariff of 25 €-Cent per kWh savings of 25% were realised on average. The results of a first phase already show that flexible tariffs are able to influence the operation of household appliances towards a flexible demand.

Chinese Brands at the Crossroad？ Demand State in Kerala Markets

Globalization and liberalization offer competitive openings for several world brands to the Indian markets. Bestowed with growing disposable incomes, Kerala consumers exhibit wide diversity in their buying habits. Apparently, the emerging fascination for imported brands impels distributers to leave enough space to shelf more ＂made in China＂ brands in their showrooms. The substantial increase in consumers＇ demand for imported goods with considerable attraction for ＂made in China＂ products inspired this study to explore the demand state for various types of Chinese products in the Indian regional markets. Divided into two stages, at first, with a primary survey, the study explores the consumers＇ perception towards selected five vastly available consumer durables such as electrical appliances, handicrafts, stationeries, toys and builds wares. Later, the demand matrix developed from the primary data defines the types of demand prevailing for each category of＂made in China＂ products based on their popularity and consumption in Kerala markets.

Overview of the Consumer Behavior Study in the Markets of Food Products(1998-2018),Based on the Author’s Interpretation of the Consumer's Requirements in the System of Values that Influence on the Consumer Market Behavior

The purpose of this study was to review the results of a 20-year study in the author’s interpretation of the needs for food products and the value system that determines the market behavior of consumers in the food markets.The scientific novelty of the research is the following results:a)The author’s interpretation of the needs for food products,as consisting of three components:(1)The actual need for food(physiological need);(2)the need for emotions obtained from eating(psychological need);and(3)the need for market products that can meet the physiological needs of emotional expectations and social needs(socio-psychological and economic need);b)Interdisciplinary approach to the study of consumer behavior that led to the author’s interpretation of the value of the research methods outlined in the works of J.N.Sheth et al.,extended and supplemented in the study of Galina V.Astratova(1998);c)Identification of the fact that the importance of components in the system of values,according to the results of research,is different for different food products.This allows simulating more clearly the behavior of the consumer in the development of a marketing-mix and developing a marketing strategy based on targeting.

A Review of Different Types of Subsidies and How They Work in Theory

This paper gives a brief review on types of subsidies and how they work in theory.The paper identified three types of subsidies:subsidies that increase revenue,subsidies that lower the cost of production,and subsidies that are not linked to production or input.With the use of graphic examples to describe the partial effects of subsidies on supply and demand,the following findings were obtained:one,for producers to sell more,they will need to produce more,and in order to produce more,a higher input level is required,which depends on the marginal productivity of the inputs;two,the larger the elasticity for supply and demand of input(the more responsive supply and demand are to changes in the price of the input),the larger quantity of input used for a given level of support,and thereby increasing the associated environmental damage from the use of that particular input;three,for a given demand curve,a shallow supply curve(reflecting a large price elasticity of supply)will yield larger volume effects in response to a certain change in price compared to a steep supply curve and vise a verse.Finally,the study found input subsidy as an example of subsidies that lower the cost of production,and direct income support or unconditional lump sum support to an industry as an example of subsidies that are not linked to production or input.

数字技术对制造业全球价值链分工地位升级影响研究

随着数字技术进步及其在经济各领域的快速应用,其对产业全球价值链(GVC)地位升级的推动作用日益显著。基于OECD-TiVA联合发布TiVA数据库2006—2018年的数据,以64个经济体为研究样本,实证检验数字技术对制造业GVC分工地位升级的影响。研究结果显示:数字技术显著促进制造业GVC分工地位的升级;提高劳动生产率、优化人力资本结构以及刺激消费需求,是数字技术促进制造业GVC分工地位升级的作用机制。异质性分析表明:数字技术对于低互联网发展水平以及中低收入经济体GVC分工地位升级的促进作用更为明显。据此提出,增强数字技术对我国制造业GVC分工地位升级的促进作用,应大幅提升我国数字技术创新和应用能力;增强贸易规则话语权,推动“数字贸易”发展;加快培养数字技术人才,加速推动消费结构升级。

国内消费者需求偏好与贸易高质量发展

本文聚焦国内消费者需求偏好视角来考察中国贸易高质量发展,采用2000—2014年中国海关数据库、中国工业企业数据库、全国标准信息公共服务平台数据库、WIOD和CEPII数据库,研究了国内消费者需求偏好升级对中国企业进出口产品质量的影响。研究发现:国内消费者需求偏好升级能够有效提升企业进口产品质量,但没有促进企业出口产品质量提升,即中国企业出口产品质量与国内需求偏好升级背离;供需失衡和国内国际标准不对接是导致出口产品质量背离的重要原因;在需求侧,高端需求外移导致国内市场供需脱节,而在供给侧,价值链上游产业和中间产品的供给未能跟上需求偏好升级的步伐则进一步加剧了出口产品质量的背离。因此,把握国内消费者需求偏好升级的契机,构建供需适配的国内大循环体系,推动国内国际标准对接以及价值链上游的供给侧结构性改革,有助于实现贸易高质量发展。

基于消费者耦合行为的综合需求响应建模与主从博弈运行策略研究

多种异质能源的集成利用在带来互补耦合效益的同时,通常忽略了需求侧多能耦合转换对用户用能满意度的影响,并且当前主流的需求响应单边定价机制大多难以应对系统与用户间复杂的利益交互与迭代关系。据此,提出一种考虑消费者耦合行为的综合需求响应建模与主从博弈运行策略。首先,考虑消费者耦合行为对用户满意度的影响,建立一种适用于综合能源系统负荷聚合商的综合需求响应改进模型。其次,以系统运营商为领导者、多个负荷聚合商为跟随者,提出一种基于主从博弈的综合能源系统优化运行策略,并对所建立的一主多从互动模型的Nash均衡解存在性与唯一性进行了证明。最后,结合标准IEEE33节点系统与比利时20节点天然气系统构建算例分析系统,所得结论验证了所提出的消费者耦合行为需求响应模型的准确性与所提策略方法在兼顾博弈主体双方利益方面的有效性。

大数据驱动制造业数字化转型路径研究

在全球消费市场变迁与消费者个性化需求增长的趋势下,制造业处于变革的交汇点,挑战与机遇并存。大数据技术的崛起及其在制造业领域的广泛应用,为制造业的数字化转型注入了强大的动力。依托具体企业案例,深入挖掘大数据对制造业的内在价值,细致剖析了不同类型大数据在制造业数字化转型进程中的多样化应用实践。在此基础上,提炼并总结了大数据驱动制造业实现数字化转型的四大核心路径,旨在为制造业企业把握时代脉搏、顺利推进转型升级提供宝贵的参考与借鉴。

消费者行为学历史演进及其对全国统一大市场建设的借鉴

消费者行为学起源于19世纪末20世纪初美国买方市场形成的历史背景。二战后因美国社会消费者权益的觉醒,以及联邦政府全国市场监管政策保护消费者权益的需要,消费者行为学于1950至1970年代初正式成立。它为美国经济从此走上消费内需拉动型发展模式、为美国市场建成供需双方权益兼顾的全国统一大市场,提供了理论支持。本文将消费者行为学百年演进划分为四个历史阶段,分析指出每个阶段的学科特点,并对数智时代消费者行为学创新发展进行了展望。当前中国正处于建设完善全国统一大市场的关键时刻,本文探讨了消费者行为学科对建设全国统一大市场、实施内需拉动战略等的重要理论支撑意义,有助于学术界认识到消费者行为学对公共治理发挥的科学支撑作用,提出的数智时代消费者行为学创新方向具有显著理论贡献,对建设全国统一大市场等国家战略具有参考价值。

在改革中扩大内需的系统框架与政策建议——基于收入水平、支出成本、供给质量三大变量视角

刺激消费被视为扩大内需的主要思路。然而,这一命题的两大前提:居民储蓄率高而消费率低以及将消费行为视为居民愿意掏钱即可完成的单方面行为,都不能成立。为准确找到扩大内需的方向,从内需概念的传统界定思路出发,认为静态截面式的研究视角让内需的真实内涵以及决定性因素被忽略。在此基础上,明确指出消费是收入水平、支出成本与供给质量三大变量的函数。而收入增速下降导致居民不愿消费、大额长期性消费压力导致居民不敢消费、供给质量偏低导致居民不能消费,共同构成了中国内需不足的系统成因。对此,成功扩大内需,须以实现居民收入增长为根本目标,并从工资性收入、财产性收入、经营性收入与转移性收入四方面分别采取改革举措,让居民愿消费;着眼于住房、医疗、义务教育三方面,以降低成本为主要抓手,让居民敢消费;以吸引支出为发展导向,以法律保障、品牌培育、研发支撑、政策支持等方面为着力点,让居民能消费。

扩大进口、消费需求与产业结构升级

进口是国内国际双循环的交汇点,扩大进口有助于夯实新发展格局的产业基础。基于2013—2021年省级面板数据,在理论分析的基础上,实证检验了扩大进口、消费需求与产业结构升级的内在关系。结果表明:整体而言,扩大进口战略能够显著促进产业结构升级,研究结论较为稳健;从经济发展和科技创新等角度看,扩大进口只对经济发展水平较高地区和科技发展水平较强地区的产业结构升级产生显著影响;优化消费结构和扩大消费规模是推动产业结构升级的重要途径;进一步进行调节效应检验后发现,金融发展在扩大进口助推产业结构升级的过程中具有正向调节作用,且对经济发展水平较高地区和科技发展水平较低地区的调节作用更强。根据研究结论,提出了相关对策建议。

基于文本挖掘的俄罗斯羽绒服消费需求

为推动中国与俄罗斯的外贸服装产业发展,并有效指导国内企业进入反向定制生产模式,以俄罗斯电商平台Wildberries为数据来源,应用文本挖掘技术对平台上商品的在线评论内容进行情感分析,通过消费者评价维度权重、情感积极率和待改进度3项指标获得服装消费者的反馈信息。结果表明:一级维度中对消费者整体情感倾向影响最大的是产品质量,其次是产品外观和服务质量。在产品质量中,保暖性虽然是羽绒服最重要的服装特性,但在影响消费者整体情感倾向程度的排名中仅第三;排名第一的为合身度,也是最需要改进的。在其他二级维度中,对消费者整体情感倾向影响最大的分别是颜色、客户服务,两者均需进一步改进。未来中国的外贸服装企业在设计生产过程中不仅要增加相应的尺码,还要考虑到消费者对颜色的偏好和保暖性需求,销售方在服务提供过程中要注重提升客户服务质量,以提升消费者满意度,最终促进国内企业进入反向定制生产模式,推进双方贸易发展。

乡村生态振兴的“新引擎”:新农人的绿色价值创造

乡村振兴离不开乡村生态振兴,乡村生态振兴离不开乡村绿色产业支撑。新农人作为乡村振兴战略中的“兴农人”,势必在农业绿色产业发展过程中发挥举足轻重的作用。该研究基于乡村生态振兴,考察新农人对绿色价值创造的积极影响,建构以新农人为自变量,绿色价值创造为因变量,生态唤醒和绿色联结为中介变量,消费者绿色需求为调节变量的机制模型,探讨新农人助推绿色价值创造的理论逻辑与经验证据。依据现行的量表开发逻辑进行新农人量表开发,从认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性4个方面界定新农人量表的测量标准,通过486份样本数据检验新农人量表的有效性。研究发现:①新农人的认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性对绿色价值创造具有积极影响。②生态唤醒和绿色联结在新农人的认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性影响绿色价值创造的过程中起到链式中介作用。③消费者绿色需求在新农人的认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性影响生态唤醒和绿色价值创造的过程中起到调节作用。研究结论表明新农人在农业农村绿色化转型过程中能够发挥先锋带头作用,生态唤醒和绿色联结是新农人进行绿色价值创造的内在动因,消费者绿色需求是倒逼新农人进行绿色价值创造的外在诱因。政府应充分发挥新农人在绿色价值创造过程中的重要作用,切实保障农业生态环境信息及时、有效、准确地传播和扩散给新农人,以唤醒新农人的生态意识,积极营造农业绿色发展的营商环境来为新农人进行绿色联结创造条件。

消费需求与产业结构转型:基于中国家庭消费数据的微观经验研究

本文基于多部门增长模型和中国城镇住户调查数据估计消费者的偏好特征并分析消费需求影响中国产业结构转型的逻辑。研究表明,样本期内中国消费者的收入每增加1%,农产品、工业产品和服务业产品的需求量各增加约0.51%、1.11%和1.31%。相比于服务业产品,消费者对农产品的低偏好更为明显,这对中国产业结构转型有重要影响。反事实实验表明,1978—2018年需求侧因素(家庭消费)对中国产业结构转型的贡献比例大约为80%。最后,基于理论模型,本文探讨了消费需求对中国数字产业发展的作用。

基于Kano模型的内衣差异化心理需求分析

为深入分析消费者对内衣的差异化心理需求,探究消费者需求要素对内衣满意度的影响,通过Kano模型和Better-Worse四象限分析方法,对消费者关于内衣的需求要素进行属性分类和重要性优先排序。研究结果表明:不同年龄、专业性、婚姻状况、学历的消费者对于内衣需求的侧重点不同,但总体来看,影响消费者对内衣满意度的首要因素是内衣满杯、内衣收副乳、内衣质量、内衣罩杯,重要因素是舒适性,关键因素是内衣尺码、吸湿性、柔软度、承托性、下扒松紧、内衣固色性。该研究旨在为内衣产品的针对性开发提供参考。

基于扎根理论的博物馆盲盒消费需求分析及其设计策略研究

目的 通过对博物馆盲盒产品在线评论进行文本挖掘及扎根理论分析,理性挖掘文化类盲盒设计产品的真实消费需求,探究博物馆盲盒文创产品可持续开发的设计思路和实施策略。方法 基于在线评论的研究方法,以扎根理论体系为基础,应用Python软件收集各大博物馆盲盒电商平台评论数据,利用Nvivo12.0质性分析工具从情感、社会、功能需求的主范畴分析博物馆盲盒文创消费需求。结果 研究得出情感需求为首要消费需求、功能需求为关键消费需求、社会需求为次要消费需求,并从情感、功能、社会三大范畴探索了博物馆盲盒文创设计的消费需求模型及其各影响因子之间的关系。结论 实现审美、趣味与体验交织的情感需求,满足品质、性价比与文化融通的功能需求,扩大社会交往与文化认知相互催化的社会需求,能持续激发用户购买行为并满足消费预期,从而使博物馆盲盒文创设计能有效地可持续发展。

全国统一大市场建设与中小企业专精特新发展

以2006—2021年深交所中小板企业为研究样本,基于主成分分析方法构建中小企业专精特新发展评价指标体系,运用双向固定效应模型、两阶段最小二乘法和中介效应模型考察全国统一大市场建设对中小企业专精特新发展的影响及其路径机制。研究发现,全国统一大市场建设可以显著推动中小企业专精特新发展。上述结论经过内生性识别和稳健性检验后依然成立。在两职合一企业、高新技术企业和高等学校集聚度高的地区,全国统一大市场建设对中小企业专精特新发展的促进作用更大。机制检验表明,全国统一大市场建设可以通过扩大市场需求、降低企业交易成本和增加供应商渠道三条路径推动中小企业专精特新发展。

女性内衣的情感化设计方法研究

本研究旨在结合情感化设计理念,为女性内衣品牌提供一套更具情感共鸣的设计方案。研究采用深度访谈法,主要从生理和心理两方面分析目标群体的需求和期望。本研究提出一套女性内衣的情感化设计策略,该策略共分为5个步骤:(1)前期调研,(2)设计方案阶段,(3)细化方案阶段,(4)工艺与样衣试制阶段,(5)样衣通过评价后即可进入批量生产。该策略通过情感化设计,强调了情感关怀的重要性。并提供了一种较系统的方法和研究方向,以满足女性内衣市场不断增长的高品质情感需求。