Understanding the Human Rights of Modern Individuals—Revisiting Habermas’s Dual Critique and the Reconstruction of Intersubjectivity

Human rights are not only pivotal in depicting the relationship between individuals and communities but also a focal point of political philosophical concerns oriented towards reality. The inseparability of human rights from individual self-identity reveals a contradiction between practicality and historicity in understanding individuals, as highlighted in the debate between liberalism and communitarianism. In order to reconcile this contradiction, Habermas,drawing from German classical philosophy, examines practicality and historicity separately: while Fichte intertwines objectivity in self-identity, revealing the practicality of individuals but neglecting their real elements, Hegel interprets self-identity under the concept of unity,examining individuals from a historical dimension but letting rational rules dominate reality. Ultimately, Habermas reconstructs the process of modern individual self-identity from the theory of communicative action by critiquing the shackles of subjective philosophy. He not only reconciles the divergence between practicality and historicity in self-identity, but also elucidates the intersubjective core inherent in human rights.

Anatomical Retrofitting:Pi(脾)as Spleen and the Persistence of Ontological Ambivalence

Over the past decade,medical researchers in China have debated whether the Pi(脾)corresponds to the biomedical spleen or pancreas.This debate exemplifies a broader phenomenon of“anatomical retrofitting”,or the anachronistic imposition of contemporary categories onto living historical objects.“Anatomical retrofitting”as a means of rectifying cases of mistranslation further positions the biomedical spleen and pancreas as representing ahistorical,universal truths.This framework gives rise to a conceptual binary:while the biomedical spleen is universalized as what philosophers may describe as“logical”ontology,the Pi connects to a different nature of reality,or“metaphysical”ontology.Far from being an object of imprecision,the Pi was a dynamic vessel that also shared characteristics with the humoral spleen.Given that scholars in China have already subjected Pi to historical scrutiny,this paper urges scholars to do the same with biomedical anatomy.For instance,historically situating the humoral spleen demonstrates that it became less known and less articulated as it transformed into the biomedical spleen.Meanwhile,the pancreas remained an unstable epistemic object that took on the dynamic functions of the humoral spleen in nineteenth-century organotherapy.Through primary source analysis and literature review,this paper contends that the apparent ontological incommensurability between Pi and spleen is neither mutually exclusive nor irreconcilable.Instead,the dynamic nature of internal viscera,their many functions,and their participation in epistemic practices contribute to an ongoing ontological ambivalence that persists despite the forced certainty of anatomical retrofitting.

Transcriptomic and bioinformatics analysis of the mechanism by which erythropoietin promotes recovery from traumatic brain injury in mice

Recent studies have found that erythropoietin promotes the recovery of neurological function after traumatic brain injury.However,the precise mechanism of action remains unclea r.In this study,we induced moderate traumatic brain injury in mice by intrape ritoneal injection of erythro poietin for 3 consecutive days.RNA sequencing detected a total of 4065 differentially expressed RNAs,including 1059 mRNAs,92 microRNAs,799 long non-coding RNAs,and 2115circular RNAs.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses revealed that the coding and non-coding RNAs that were differentially expressed after traumatic brain injury and treatment with erythropoietin play roles in the axon guidance pathway,Wnt pathway,and MAPK pathway.Constructing competing endogenous RNA networks showed that regulatory relationship between the differentially expressed non-coding RNAs and mRNAs.Because the axon guidance pathway was repeatedly enriched,the expression of Wnt5a and Ephb6,key factors in the axonal guidance pathway,was assessed.Ephb6 expression decreased and Wnt5a expression increased after traumatic brain injury,and these effects were reversed by treatment with erythro poietin.These findings suggest that erythro poietin can promote recove ry of nerve function after traumatic brain injury through the axon guidance pathway.

Comparative Ontology of Theories of Space and Time

With a few exceptions, physics theories are based in a conception of time and space;our two major theories, general relativity, and quantum field theory, differ in their conceptions. Key issues herein include mathematics, logic, intuition, experiment, and ontology, with emphasis on simultaneity and dimensionality of the world. The treatment is through ontological comparison of two theories, space-time theory (special relativity) and energy-time theory (local absolute space and universal time). These two theories share many of the same equations but have different ontology.

RNA sequencing of exosomes secreted by fibroblast and Schwann cells elucidates mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve regeneration

Exosomes exhibit complex biological functions and mediate a variety of biological processes,such as promoting axonal regeneration and functional recove ry after injury.Long non-coding RNAs(IncRNAs)have been reported to play a crucial role in axonal regeneration.Howeve r,the role of the IncRNA-microRNAmessenger RNA(mRNA)-competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA)network in exosome-mediated axonal regeneration remains unclear.In this study,we performed RNA transcriptome sequencing analysis to assess mRNA expression patterns in exosomes produced by cultured fibroblasts(FC-EXOs)and Schwann cells(SCEXOs).Diffe rential gene expression analysis,Gene Ontology analysis,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,and protein-protein intera ction network analysis were used to explo re the functions and related pathways of RNAs isolated from FC-EXOs and SC-EXOs.We found that the ribosome-related central gene Rps5 was enriched in FC-EXOs and SC-EXOs,which suggests that it may promote axonal regeneration.In addition,using the miRWalk and Starbase prediction databases,we constructed a regulatory network of ceRNAs targeting Rps5,including 27 microRNAs and five IncRNAs.The ceRNA regulatory network,which included Ftx and Miat,revealed that exsosome-derived Rps5 inhibits scar formation and promotes axonal regeneration and functional recovery after nerve injury.Our findings suggest that exosomes derived from fibro blast and Schwann cells could be used to treat injuries of peripheral nervous system.

From In-Out Duality to the Foundation of Social Quantum Mechanics

This paper introduces a framework of in-out duality, merging insights from quantum mechanics with social sciences to illuminate the complex interplay between internal potentialities and external manifestations. It articulates foundational, mathematical axioms (Entanglement, Homogeneity, Emergence, and Measurement) that underpin the dynamics of systems, emphasizing the interconnectedness and emergent behaviors resulting from internal and external interactions. By exploring quantum concepts like coherence, entanglement, and superposition, the paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach termed Quantum Social Mechanics. This approach challenges classical paradigms, advocating for a reevaluation of conventional notions through the lens of quantum principles. The paper argues that understanding the universe’s complexities requires a synthesis of motion states and potential states, suggesting a paradigm shift towards integrating quantum mechanics into the philosophical foundation of social theory. Through this comprehensive framework, the paper aims to foster a deeper understanding of the universe’s interconnected nature and the dynamic processes that govern the emergence of complex systems and behaviors.

The Origin of Quarks in Quantum Gravity

A theory of quantum gravity has recently been developed by the author based on the concept that all forces converge to one at the moment of Creation. This primordial field can only interact with itself, as no other field exists, contrasting with the Standard Model of Particle Physics in which each elementary particle is an excitation in its own quantum field. The primordial field theory of quantum gravity has produced a model of a fermion with a mass gap, ½-integral spin, discrete charge, and magnetic moment. The mass gap is based on an existence theorem that is anchored in Yang-Mills, while Calabi-Yau anchors ½-integral spin, with charge and magnetic moment based on duality. Based on N-windings, this work is here extended to encompass fractional charge, with the result applied to quarks, yielding fermion mass and charge in agreement with experiment and novel size correlations and a unique quantum gravity-based ontological understanding of quarks.

The Ontology of Velocity

Special relativity formulates a world partitioned into frames in relative motion;absolute motion is prohibited by axiom: no preferred frame, with consequences for the ontology of velocity. The best guide to physical reality is experiment, so ontology of velocity is investigated in the context of primordial field theory in terms of three experiments: Michelson-Morley, Michelson-Gale and Hafele-Keating experiments.

Research and Application of Role Theory in Ocean Carbon Cycle Ontology Construction

Many researchers have studied the ocean carbon cycle model trying to regulate the level of CO2 in atmosphere from viewpoint of quantification. Unlike other researches, this paper analyzes the conversion process of carbon element in the ocean from the qualitative viewpoint. There are many complex roles in the ocean carbon cycle, and it is hard to represent the case that an entity plays different role in different environment. An ontology technology Hozo role theory developed by Osaka University Mizoguchi Laboratory is proposed as a solution. The basic concepts and representation mode of Hozo role theory is introduced. The conversion process of ocean carbon cycle is abstracted and an ontology model using Hozo role theory is proposed. Instead of comprehensive common ontology construction method, we propose our own ontology development steps. Then an ontology about ocean carbon cycle is built in order to describe and share the basic knowledge of ocean carbon cycle. A knowledge base of material circulation is proposed based on the ontology. Its construction framework is described and some knowledge base query examples are also illustrated. Conclusions show that the role theory can effectively solve the problem of multirole description in ocean carbon cycle, and knowledge reasoning based on ontology is also effective.

Enterprise Architecture Ontology for Supply ChainMaintenance and Restoration of the Sikorsky’s UH-60 Helicopter

Ontologies have emerged as an important tool in the Enterprise architecture discipline to provide the theoretical foundations for designing and representing the enterprise as a whole or a specific area or domain, in a scientific fashion. This paper examines the domain of maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) of the Sikorsky UH-60 helicopter involving multiple enterprises, and represents it through an ontology using the OWL Language and Protégé tool. The resulting ontology gives a formal and unambiguous model/representation of the MRO domain that can be used by multiple parties to arrive at a common shared conceptualization of the MRO domain. The ontology is designed to be conformant to ISO 13030 or the Product Life Cycle Support Standard (PLCS) standard, hence representing the state of being as per this standard especially at the interfaces between enterprises while incorporating existing reality to the greatest possible extent within the enterprises. As a result the ontology can be used to design Information Systems (IS) and their interfaces in all enterprises engaged in MRO to alleviate some of the issues present in the MRO area and to support business intelligence efforts.

To Decide or Not to Decide. Recognition, Intersubjectivity, and the （Un）expected Role of Unexpectedness

Recognition is the key to intersubjectivity, as it implies a relation only possible between rational subjects. To recognize means therefore to make a decision, maybe one of the most important decisions, so that a philosophical reflection on intersubjectivity cannot be separated from a reflection on the social and political nature of decision. This leads, to how a simple theory of decision is to be found even in a deeply intersubjective context like the one of role and tabletop games. Aim of this research is to reflect on the role of unexpectedness and unexpected--and thus free---decisions in fields like those described by recognitions, States, and games, bringing into dialogue some thoughts of Hegel, Schelling, and C. Schmitt.

Light and Shadow Postgender Intersubjectivity in The Left Hand of Darkness

The Left Hand of Darkness （abbr. LHD） is composed by Ursula Le Guin as a ＂thought experiment＂ to explore the postgender world on the planet of Gethen. By eradication of sexual difference and embracing the biological fluidity and psychological androgeny, dualism is deconstructed, and a postgender intersubjective space is reconstructed between Genly Ai and Estraven, interluded by cyborg myth and postgenderism culture narratives. Moreover, Le Guin suggests a possible transformation mode ofyin-yang cycle from psychoanalytic light and shadow.

Ontology of Domains. Ontological Description Software Engineering Domain—The Standard Life Cycle

Basic concepts and notions of ontological description of domains are implemented in the conceptual model being understandable to ordinary users of this domain. Ontological approach is used for the presentation of software engineering domain—Life Cycle (LC) ISO/IEC 12207 with the aim to automate LC processes and to generate different variants of LC for development systems. And the second aim of Conceptual Model must teach the student to standard process LC, which includes general, organizational and supported processes. These processes are presented in graphical terms of DSL, which are transformed to XML for processing systems in the modern environment (IBM, VS.Net, JAVA and so on). The testing process is given in ontology terms of Protégé systems, and semantics of tasks of this process is implemented in Ruby. Domain ontology LC is displayed by the several students of MIPT Russia and Kiev National University as laboratory practicum course “Software Engineering”.

The Ontology of Counter Factual Causality and Conditional

The author is interested here in the examination of the ontological justification for counterfactual causality and conditional. Ontology metaphysically has to do with what exists and what does not exist. about objects in their associated and individual existence. It is an attempt to further philosophy of causality scientific law, and theory of confirmation and establish a link counter factual. In terms of realism, it is the search for adequate among if-then ＂〉＂ and

Thesaurus-based approach for building domain ontology with a case study of military aircraft prototype ontology construction

To alleviate the amount of work involved in constructing a domain ontology, starting with the base of an existing terminological-rich thesaurus is better than starting from scratch. With a case study of reengineering the Defense Science and Technology Thesaurus into a prototype military aircraft ontology, a four-phase thesaurus-based methodology is introduced and investigated, which consists of identifying the application purpose, overall design, designing in detail and evaluation. Designing in detail is the core step, converting the terms and semantic relationships of the thesaurus into an ontology and supplementing richer semantic relationships. The resulting prototype ontology includes 87 concepts and 34 relationships, and can be extended and scaled up to a full-fledged domain ontology in the future. Eight universal genres of relationships of this ontology are preliminarily summarized and analyzed, including equivalent relationships, approximate relationships, generic/abstract relationships, part/whole relationships, cause/effect relationships, entity/location relationships etc., and the normalization of semantic relationships is critical to the merging and reusing of follow-up multiple ontologies.

The Ethical Dilemmas of International Environmental Justice and its＇ Resolution

主权国家作为全球环境治理的最为重要的主体，在国际环境正义实践中发挥着决定性的作用，但另一方面由于主权国家“个体”利益的存在，主权国家在参与国际环境正义实践时面临着一些伦理困境。要化解这些伦理困境，构建和谐世界，主权国家除了要树立主体间性和生态文明的主体性之外，还要调适国家主权观，加强国际合作，建立新的全球伙伴关系。

Study on Constructivist Approach of Learning and Teaching from a Perspective of Intersubjectivity

This paper makes an investigation on the constructivist point of view towards learning and teaching from the perspective of subjectivity and intersubjectivity. The process of learning and teaching is conducted by both groups,learners and teachers. Therefore,the intersubjectivity between learners and teachers play an important role. The learner-centered approach in teaching not only weakens teachers 'role,but also is not good for the development of learners'subjectivity.

Construction of the Ontology-Based Agricultural Knowledge Management System

Ontology is the formal representation of concepts and their mutual relations. It has wide application potential in the classification of agricultural information, the construction of information and knowledge database, the research and development of intelligent search engine, as well as the realization of cooperative information service, etc. In this research, an ontology-based agricultural knowledge management system framework is proposed, which includes modules of ontology-based knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, knowledge organization, and knowledge mining, etc. The key technologies, building tools and applications of the framework are explored. Future researches on the theoretical refinement and intelligent simulation knowledge service are also envisioned.

Design of ontology mapping framework and improvement of similarity computation

Ontology heterogeneity is the primary obstacle for interoperation of ontologies. Ontology mapping is the best way to solve this problem. The key of ontology mapping is the similarity computation. At present, the method of similarity computation is imperfect. And the computation quantity is high. To solve these problems, an ontology-mapping framework with a kind of hybrid architecture is put forward, with an improvement in the method of similarity computation. Different areas have different local ontologies. Two ontologies are taken as examples, to explain the specific mapping framework and improved method of similarity computation. These two ontologies are about classes and teachers in a university. The experimental results show that using this framework and improved method can increase the accuracy of computation to a certain extent. Otherwise, the quantity of computation can be decreased.

Construction and application of formal ontology for mine

Digital mine is the only way for the development of mining industry in China. Due to lack of appropriate standards and norms, and different awareness in the field of digital mine among academia and industry insiders, the meaning for digital mine is still unclear. Starting from the nature of mining and removing of views of specialized fields, this paper constructs formal ontology for digital mine and proposes the four levels for it. The ontology clarifies the concept world for digital mine, defines the meaning of concepts and relations clearly, provides a reference for the standard construction for digital mine and provides a unified semantic framework for the integration of heterogeneous mine data. Meanwhile, it can provide formal reasoning knowledge for expert system of digital mine and improve the intelligence and automation while the machine automatically interpreting and processing mine spatial data.