Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide on Antioxidant Capacity of the Liver in High-fat Diet Rats

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on antioxidant function in high-fat diet obese rats.[Methods]Thirty five healthy male SD rats were selected to establish an obesity model after feeding a high-fat for 8 weeks.They were then randomly divided into a normal group(NC),a high-fat diet group(HF),and an HF+P.sibiricum polysaccharide group[HF+PSP,300 mg/(kg·d)].After 6 weeks of PSP intervention,the serum and liver of rats were collected,and the activity of aspartate transaminase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in serum,the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver tissue were measured.The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining.[Results]Compared with the HF group,PSP could effectively inhibit obesity caused by high-fat diet.It reduced body weight and serum AST and ALT levels,increased the contents of T-SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in the liver,and inhibited the accumulation of MDA content,thereby reducing damage to liver cells caused by a high-fat diet.It indicated that PSP could effectively inhibit obesity in high-fat diet rats and enhance their antioxidant capacity.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the study of the antioxidant capacity of PSP.

The therapeutic mechanism of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on T2DM rats based on the Nrf2 signaling pathway

Background:This study will be aimed at investigating the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:Thirty Sprague–Dawley male rats were evenly distributed into three groups:normal,T2DM,and PSP groups,by applying a random sample table method.The typical cluster was served balanced food every day,whereas the others were supplied with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injections to make T2DM rat models.The changes in humor organic chemistry indicators and liver histopathology were determined following the model institution for every cluster.After PSP intervention,western blotting was applied to research the expression levels of crucial transcription factors concerned within the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)signal pathway,as well as Nrf2,glutamate-cysteine ligase chemical process fractional monetary unit,NQO1 and HO-1 within the liver tissues of the rat models,and to seem into the therapeutic edges of PSP and the way it happens in T2DM rats.Results:PSP intervention considerably reduced the concentration levels of aldohexose,lipids,liver-operated indicators,and alternative organic chemistry indicators within the humor of T2DM rat models and improved the histopathological changes within the liver.In addition,the activity of SOD and GSH-Px were increased,and the levels of MDA were decreased in the liver tissues of T2DM rat models following PSP intervention.Western blotting revealed that the expression levels of the Nrf2,HO-1,glutamate-cysteine ligase chemical,and NQO1 proteins were increased in rat liver tissues following PSP intervention.Conclusion:PSP has therapeutic effects in T2DM rat models,and its mechanism of motion might also be related to regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in liver tissues and alleviating oxidative stress.

Effects of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on learning and memory in a scopolamine-induced mouse model of dementia

BACKGROUND： Learning and memory processes are accompanied by complex neuropathological and biochemical changes. Free radicals play an important role in learning and memory damage. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide （PSP） in comparison with vitamin 12 on inhibiting free radical damage, as well as improving the degree of cerebral ischemia and learning and memory in a scopolamine-induced mouse model of dementia. DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study. SETTINGS： Department of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical College; Shandong Jewim Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. MATERIALS： A total of 105 healthy Kunming mice, comprising 90 males and 15 females that were clean grade, were provided by the Animal Center of Taishan Medical College. PSP （extracted and purified by Huangjing, Taishan） was provided by the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taishan Medical College （purity of 79.6% by using a phenol-concentrated sulphate acid method）, and hydrogen bromine acid scopolamine injection solution （SCO） by Shanghai Hefeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. METHODS： This study was performed at the Pharmacological Laboratory of Taishan Medical College from March to June 2007. （1） A total of 75 healthy Kunming male mice of clean grade were randomly divided into a normal control group, positive control group, and low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups, with 15 mice in each group. Mice in both the low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups were intragastrically administered 0.5 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg PSP, respectively. Mice in the positive control group were intragastrically administered 0.5 g/kg vitamin 12. In addition, mice in both the normal control group and model group were intragastrically administered the same volume of saline, respectively, once a day for 7 consecutive days. One hour after the final administration on day 6, mice in the positive control group, model group, low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups were subcutaneously injected with 3.0 mg/kg SCO, while mice in the normal control group were subcutaneously injected with the same volume of distilled water. Ten minutes later, the step test was employed to measure memory. The training was performed 5 times, with 30-minute intervals between 2 sets. If the mice remained on the platform （latent period） for 30 minutes, they were determined to have learned the task. An eligible percentage was then recorded. Twenty-four hours later, the number of error responses from each mouse was recorded in a 5-minute period, based on the above-mentioned parameters. Mice were sacrificed under anesthesia. The activities of glutathione hyperoxide enzyme （GSH-Px）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） were assayed using an UV spectrophotometer. （2） The remaining 30 healthy Kunming mice of both genders were randomly divided into 3 groups, including control group, low-dosage PSP group, and high-dosage PSP group, with 10 mice in each group. Mice in both the low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups were intragastrically administered 0.5 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg PSP, respectively, while the mice in the control group were perfused with the same volume of saline. Forty minutes later, the mice under superficial anesthesia were decapitated, and the number and duration of mouth-opening breaths of the isolated mouse head were immediately recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE： （1） Numbers of error responses within 5 minutes on the platform. （2） GSH-Px and SOD activity, as well as MDA content in mouse brain tissue. （3） Numbers and duration of mouth-opening breaths of the isolated mouse head. RESULTS： Of the 105 Kunming experimental mice, two mice died due to electric shock during the step-down test, therefore, a total of 103 mice were involved in the final analysis. （1） Effects of PSP on learning in mice： The eligible percentage in the high-dosage PSP group was higher than the control group at the 3rd and 5th training sessions （P 〈 0.05）. （2） Effects of PSP on memory in mice： The number of errors in the step-down test in the model group was higher than in the normal control group （P 〈 0.01）. Compared to the model group, the number of errors in the step-down test was lower in both the low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups （P 〈 0.01）. （3） Effects of PSP on amount of GSH-Px, SOD, and MDA in mouse brain tissue： SOD and GSH-Px activity was higher in both the low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups than in the model group. MDA content was lower in the high-dosage PSP group, compared to the model group. GSH-Px activity in the brain tissue of the high-dosage PSP group was similar to the positive control group （P 〉 0.05）. （4） Effects of PSP on acute cerebral ischemia in mice： The low-dosage PSP, and in particular the high-dosage PSP, prolonged the number and duration of mouth-opening breaths of the isolated mouse head （P 〈 0.05, 0.01）. CONCLUSION： PSP can improve learning and memory in a scopolamine-induced mouse model of dementia by reducing the damaging effects of cerebral ischemia and anti-oxidation. In addition, the effects are dose-dependent and are similar to those provided by vitamin E.

In vitro Inhibitory Activity of Shisandra chinensis and Polygonatum sibiricum against Vibrio harveyi and Its Biofilms

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the in vitro inhibitory activity of Shisandra chinensis and Polygonatum sibiricum against Vibrio harveyi and its biofilms. [Result] By agar diffusion test, in vitro inhibitory activity of 5. chinensis and P. sibiricum against V. harveyi was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentration （ MIC） and minimal bactericidal concentration （MBC） of 5. chinensis and P. sibiricum against V. harveyi were determined by doubling dilution meth-od. The inhibitory activity of 5. chinensis and P. sibiricum on the formation of V. harveyi biofilms was evaluated by modified MTT assay. [ Result ] Both 5. chinen-sis and P. sibiricum had inhibitory activity against V. harveyi. The inhibition zone diameter of 5. chinensis against V. harveyi was 17. 95 mm; MIC and MBC of 5. chinensis were both 3.125 mg/ml. The inhibition zone diameter of P. sibiricum against V. harveyi was 12. 22 mm; MIC and MBC of P. sibiricum were 3.125 and 6.250 mg/ml, respectively. When the concentration was higher than 6. 25 mg/ml, 5. chinensis decoction had extremely significant inhibitory activity against V. harveyi （P 〈 0. 01） ; when the concentration was higher than 3. 125 mg/ml, P. sibiricum had extremely significant inhibitory activity against V. harveyi （P 〈0. 01）. [ Conclusion] 5. chinensis and P. sibiricum could significantly inhibit V. harveyi and its biofilms.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides protect against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats fed a high-fat diet

Polygonatum sibiricum is a traditional medicinal and dietary plant of the family Liliaceae. The main functional macromolecules of P. sibiricum are polysaccharides, which function in antioxidation and regulating immunity. Previous studies have shown that insulin resistance(IR), oxidative stress, and inflammation are important factors in the induction of lipid metabolic diseases such as obesity. Therefore, in this study, we established a high-fat diet-induced rat model of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) to explore the potential protective effect of P. sibiricum polysaccharides(PSPs) and the mechanisms behind it. After 4 weeks of high-fat diet feeding to induce obesity, the rats were treated with different doses of PSP solution or distilled water for 6 weeks. Compared with untreated obese rats, PSP-treated obese rats showed a decrease in body weight, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, hepatic aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity, hepatic malondialdehyde content, and hepatic levels of the pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, as well as increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Pathological analysis and immunoblotting of the liver tissues indicated that mechanistically, PSPs reduced obesity and NAFLD in rats by upregulating insulin receptor expression, increasing adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and downregulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and low-density lipoprotein receptor expression, thus promoting lipid metabolism, decreasing body weight, and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress caused by lipid accumulation. Based on these results, PSPs may have the potential to reduce obesity and NAFLD associated with a high-fat diet.

Establishment of Quality Standard for Freeze-dried Tablets of Polygonatum sibiricum and Study on Anti-tumor Activity of Diosgenin

[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard for freeze-dried tablets of Polygonatum sibiricum and to explore the antitumor activity of its extract diosgenin.[Methods]Taking freeze-dried powder samples of P.sibiricum from 4 different producing areas as materials,and referring to the quality standard of P.sibiricum in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition),the contents of total ash,moisture,extract,total sugar and diosgenin were determined by total ash determination method,drying method,hot dipping method,0.2%anthrone-sulfuric acid method and HPLC,respectively.The antitumor activities of diosgenin against A431(human epidermal carcinoma cells),H1975(human lung adenocarcinoma cells)and Ramos(human B lymphoblastoma cells)were investigated by MTT assay.[Results]The moisture content of the samples was 2.8%-4.7%(not more than 18.0%);the total ash content was 1.9%-3.4%(not more than 4.0%);the ethanol-soluble extract content was 72.99%-78.99%(not less than 45.0%);and the total sugar content was 7.95%-9.94%(not less than 7.0%).The lowest content of diosgenin was 0.18%,and diosgenin was significantly resistant to A431.[Conclusions]The content determination method established in the study is simple,accurate and reproducible.

Effect and mechanism of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Methods:The mouse BMSCs were cultured and induced in osteoblast medium(OBM)containing finalconcentrations(0 mg/L,12.5 mg/L,25 mg/L,and 50 mg/L)of PSP.The proliferation and cytotoxicity of BMSCs were detected by MTT assay.Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and Alizarin red S staining were performed after 7 days' ossification-inducing culture.The mRNA expressions of ALP,Runx2 and osteocalcin(OCN)were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR).The mRNA and protein expressions of Tafazzin(TAZ)(a key effector of Hippo pathway)were measured by qPCR and western blotting,respectively.Results:PSP was non-cytotoxicwithin the dose range of 12.5-50 mg/L and had no impact on the proliferation of BMSCs.The activity of ALP,the intensity of ALP staining,and the formation of mineralized nodules were increased by PSP treatment(25 and50 mg/L)(P<0.01).Moreover,administration of 25 mg/L PSP significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of osteoblastic differentiation makers ALP,Runx2 and OCN as well as the mRNA and protein expressions of TAZ(P<0.01).Conclusion:PSP could promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs,and the mechanisms might be related to the activation of TAZ in the Hippo signaling pathway.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide extract relieves FB1-induced neurotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in Caenorhabditis elegans

Fumonisin B1(FB1)is a mycotoxin that is harmful to the nervous system;however,there is currently a lack of studies on plant compounds that alleviate the neurotoxicity of FB1.Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides exhibit neuroprotective effects,but it is unclear whether they protect against FB1-induced neurotoxicity.Here,Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)was used to study the alleviation effects of P.sibiricum polysaccharide extract(PSPE)preprotection on FB1-induced neurotoxicity.PSPE pretreatment improved the behavioral deficits and neuronal damage in FB1-induced C.elegans.In addition,20-200μg/mL PSPE alleviated the oxidative damage in FB1-induced C.elegans by regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species,antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression.Further studies have shown that PSPE pretreatment induced mitochondrial expression,increased ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential,and regulated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and dynamics.Together,the protective effects of PSPE against FB1-induced neurotoxicity might be closely related with the reduction of oxidative stress and the regulation of mitochondria.

九蒸九制对黄精中AGEs含量、多糖结构及体外活性的影响

为初步判断九蒸九制黄精多糖含量下降的主要原因及九蒸九制对黄精多糖体外活性的影响,本文测定了九蒸九制黄精中5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)及晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)的含量,考察了九蒸九制前后黄精纯化多糖的结构变化,并分析这些变化对黄精体外活性的影响。结果表明九蒸九制黄精发生了美拉德反应,5-HMF含量为(631.3±21.5)μg/g,羧甲基赖氨酸(CML)和羧乙基赖氨酸(CEL)含量分别为(342.4±11.3)μg/g和(63.7±9.8)μg/g。并对黄精多糖的结构及组成产生了不同程度的影响,葡萄糖(Glc)含量有所增长,甘露糖(Man)及半乳糖醛酸(GalUA)的含量有明显降低,Man从34.53%降至17.06%,GalUA从9.59%降至1.77%。研究表明,黄精在九蒸九制的加工过程中发生了美拉德反应,并产生了一定量的AGEs,同时,九蒸九制法在一定程度提高了黄精多糖的体外降糖活性。

黄精改善中年房劳肾精亏虚大鼠免疫功能紊乱的作用研究

[目的]研究黄精对中年房劳肾精亏虚模型大鼠免疫功能紊乱的调节作用。[方法]采用“中年雄鼠+雌雄同笼”方法制备中年房劳肾精亏虚大鼠模型,模拟中年男性因房劳致肾精亏虚引起的免疫功能紊乱状态。实验期间测定大鼠脾脏系数;苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色观察脾组织形态学变化;测定骨髓中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞占比,外周血淋巴细胞数量及其占比和中性粒细胞占比;脾淋巴细胞增殖试验检测脾脏淋巴细胞增殖能力;流式细胞术测定脾组织T淋巴细胞亚群占比;原位末端转移酶标记(terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling,TUNEL)检测脾组织细胞凋亡情况;免疫印迹检测脾组织与增殖相关蛋白磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phospho-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,p-PI3K)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(phospho-ptotein kinase B,p-AKT)和与凋亡相关蛋白B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X(Bcl-2 associated X,Bax)蛋白表达。[结结果]黄精可降低中年房劳肾精亏虚模型大鼠骨髓和外周血中性粒细胞占比,升高骨髓淋巴细胞占比,升高外周血淋巴细胞数量及其占比,降低脾组织T淋巴细胞(CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))比值,提高脾组织T淋巴细胞增殖能力,减少脾组织内的细胞凋亡,升高脾组织中与增殖相关蛋白p-PI3K和p-AKT的表达。[结论]黄精通过影响T淋巴细胞及其亚群占比,改善中年大鼠因肾精亏虚引起的免疫功能紊乱,其机制可能与调控脾组织与增殖相关蛋白PI3K/AKT的表达有关。

人工种植黄精病原微生物分离鉴定及防治

以陇东地区驯化种植的感病黄精为试验材料,采用组织分离法、平板划线法、形态观察法和分子生物学方法分离病原微生物,鉴定了病原菌的种属特性,验证了所分离的病原微生物对黄精健康组织的致病性,并利用9种中药材和5种黄精内生菌探寻对黄精病害的生物防治方法。结果表明:从黄精感病组织中分离得到10株细菌和6株真菌,其中BY-Z1、BY-Z3和BY-Z4这3株真菌具有较强的致病性,经鉴定分别是芳香镰刀菌、腐皮镰刀菌和多孢小孢子菌,其中多孢小孢子菌为首次报道从黄精中分离到的担子菌属病原真菌;黄连对BY-Z1的生长抑制作用最强,抑制率为74.0%,当归次之(28.9%);黄连对BY-Z3的生长抑制作用最强,抑制率为66.0%,丹皮次之(21.6%);黄连对BY-Z4的生长抑制作用最强,抑制率为100.0%,茜草根次之(53.0%);枯草芽孢杆菌对致病真菌BY-Z1、BY-Z3和BY-Z4均具有抑制作用,黄精内生菌H3和H4对真菌BY-Z1和BY-Z4具有抑制作用,H1对BY-Z4有强抑制作用。

黄精多糖对β淀粉样蛋白诱导细胞损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的探讨黄精多糖(Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides,PSP)对β淀粉样蛋白(25-35)[βamyloid protein(25-35),Aβ_(25-35)]诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞氧化损伤及凋亡的神经保护作用及其机制。方法通过CCK-8实验确定Aβ_(25-35)和PSP的干预浓度和时间,并将细胞分为对照组、模型组、低、中、高剂量组。检测细胞的凋亡、线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential,MMP)水平、细胞色素C(cytochrome C,Cyt C)含量、胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量以及多种抗氧化酶活性变化。采用蛋白质印迹法(western blot,WB)实验检测Nrf2/HO-1和JAK2/STAT3信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果与模型组相比,PSP能够显著恢复细胞活力,清除胞内ROS,升高细胞MMP,减少线粒体Cyt C释放,抑制凋亡蛋白的生成。同时能够逆转Aβ_(25-35)对Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的抑制,降低JAK2/STAT3通路的磷酸化程度。结论PSP可通过上调Nrf2/HO-1信号通路相关蛋白分子的表达,逆转JAK2/STAT3信号通路的磷酸化,减轻氧化损伤,改善线粒体功能并最终抑制细胞凋亡。

黄精两种复种模式产量效益现状分析

黄精是药食兼用类中药材,在医疗保健方面具有广阔前景。针对黄精长期供求矛盾和亟需提高种植技术、拓展种植模式等问题,以中国知网大数据平台近5年药用黄精不同复种模式下产量效益相关的研究文献为基础,通过统计所涉及的复种方式及相应产量效益等数据资料,分别对药用黄精不同复种模式下产量效益情况进行总结比较,分析黄精产量效益差异产生的原因,优选利于提高黄精产量效益和品质的复种方式,并对黄精种植技术和复种模式选择提出建议,以期为黄精种植技术研究提供参考依据。

黄精黑糯米酒酿造工艺优化及其品质分析

以黑糯米为主要原料,黄精提取液为辅料制备黄精黑糯米酒。以感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化液态法发酵黄精黑糯米酒酿造工艺条件,并对其理化指标及活性成分进行测定。结果表明,最佳酿造工艺条件为酒曲与酵母质量比1:1、发酵时间6 d、黄精提取液添加量28%、料液比(糯米与水)1.0:7.0(g:mL)。在此优化条件下,黄精黑糯米酒的酒体澄清透亮、呈紫红色、酒香醇厚、具有黄精风味,感官评分为87分,酒精度达12.0%vol,总糖、还原糖、总酸、氨基酸态氮、花色苷和总黄酮含量分别为4.13 g/100 mL、3.74 g/100 mL、6.32 g/L、0.22 g/L、37.9 mg/L、0.023 g/100 mL。

黄精根状茎无菌快繁体系建立

为进一步完善黄精无菌快繁技术体系提供技术基础。本试验以选育的七叶黄精根状茎作为外植体材料,测定不同消毒处理的根茎污染率、死亡率和不同浓度6-BA(6-Benzylminopurine)与NAA(1-Naphthalic acid)组合对其茎段腋芽的萌芽率影响,探索该植物根状茎无菌快繁体系的建立。结果表明,以超声波清洗机消毒15 min的处理效果最好,污染率和死亡率分别为20%和17%;恒温振荡器消毒15 min的污染率和死亡率分别为27%和37%,最佳消毒时间15 min;以MS为基本培养基,采用C12-Y组合(2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA)处理有芽茎段的效果最好,其平均萌芽率达76.67%,无芽茎段的平均萌芽率达56.67%。

黄精施肥与栽培模式研究进展

黄精是药食两用的中药材,具有润肺滋肾、补脾益气的功效。由于市场需求量增长较快,野生黄精资源已经不能满足市场需求,促使人工栽培黄精规模不断扩大。科学合理的施肥方法可以促进中药材的生长发育,从而增加中药材产出。基于已有研究,综述黄精施肥及栽培模式,分析目前存在的问题并提出建议,以期为今后黄精的开发和利用提供参考。

陕西省黄精生态种植模式评价与技术分析

以陕西省黄精为研究对象,对其在陕西省的生态种植技术进行系统分析与评价。结果表明,在陕西省黄精的种植模式主要分为2种,林下种植与间套作种植模式。林下种植黄精可有效利用陕西省土地资源且可形成良好的生态环境。黄精的间套作模式为黄精的生长创造了良好的根际环境,同时改善了农业生态环境,促进了资源再生和循环利用。

九蒸九制对鸡头黄精理化性质及抗氧化性的影响

为了探究蒸制处理对鸡头黄精有效成分及代谢物种类和含量影响,采用低场核磁、苯酚-浓硫酸法、高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法(HPLC-ELSD)和液相色谱-质谱技术(LC-MS)等对其中的水分分布、多糖含量、单糖组成和代谢产物等进行分析。结果表明,多次蒸制后,鸡头黄精结合水的含量、多糖含量逐渐降低,水提液pH值逐渐降低呈弱酸性达到4.07,还原糖、总酚、黄酮含量逐渐升高分别达到28.69%、10.02 mg/g和0.69%,抗氧化性逐渐增强,ABTS抗氧化能力在7制达到最高为0.73 mmol/L,较1制增加0.35 mmol/L,DPPH自由基清除率和FRAP值在8制达到最高分别为81.95%,1.97 mmol/L,较1制分别增加50.92%,1.72 mmol/L;同时蔗糖逐渐水解从18.53mg/g到7.62mg/g,葡萄糖和果糖含量提高,分别由1制0.00和11.30mg/g,达到9制17.25和230.89 mg/g。选取一制与九制黄精进行代谢物差异分析,在正离子模式下共检测到1310种代谢物,差异代谢物有176种(按其特性分为38类),在负离子模式下共检测到1841种代谢物,差异代谢物有148种(按其特性分为26类)。黄精经蒸制后有效成分差异性显著,对鸡头黄精炮制加工提供科学依据。

黄精药理作用研究进展及专利分析

黄精是一味广泛使用的中药,现代研究表明其具有多种药理作用,如抗氧化、抗衰老、调节免疫、抗肿瘤、降血糖、调血脂、改善记忆力、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、调节免疫、抗抑郁、抑制骨质疏松等。黄精作为药食同源的中药,从源头栽培到炮制工艺,鉴别提取方法,再到食品、药物中的运用均有相关专利。对黄精的药理作用及相关专利进行了梳理分析,为黄精的深度开发和有效运用提供参考,进而推动黄精产业的发展。

固态发酵制备黄精多糖的工艺优化、理化特性及抗氧化活性

选取7种乳杆菌进行固态发酵,以黄精多糖得率为评价指标确定最佳发酵菌种。借助单因素试验和响应面曲面分析法对固态发酵黄精工艺进行优化,并分析固态发酵黄精多糖(solid state fermentation Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide,SF-PSP)与相同条件下未经发酵黄精多糖(P.sibiricum polysaccharide,PSP)的单糖组成、形态特征、热失重特性以及体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:副干酪乳杆菌ATCC 334为最优发酵菌种,SF-PSP的最佳制备工艺条件为:液料比0.98∶1(mL∶g)、接菌量4.80%、发酵时间51.30 h,此条件下SF-PSP得率为(11.14±0.89)%。SF-PSP主要由甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖和葡萄糖组成,与PSP相比,鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖含量均提高了4倍。扫描电镜结果表明,与PSP相比,SF-PSP结构更加疏松且有更多致密的小孔。热重分析结果表明2种多糖失重温度节点不同,且SF-PSP保水能力优于PSP。体外抗氧化活性结果表明SF-PSP的DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS阳离子自由基清除率、亚铁离子螯合能力及总抗氧化性均显著高于PSP(P<0.05)。综上,采用SF-PSP可以显著提高黄精多糖的得率和抗氧化活性。