Phases of Environmental Evolution Indicated by Primary Chemical Elements and Paleontological Records in the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene Series for the Salawusu River Valley,China

Studies of lithology, sedimentary facies and the distribution regularity of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents and Al2O3/SiO2 ratio allow us to divide the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene Series represented by the MUanggouwan section in China＇s Salawnsu River valley into six segments： MGS1, MGS2, MGS3, MGS4, MGS5 and MGS6. The boundary ages for MGS1 （the Dishaogouwan and Dagouwan Formations）, MGS2 （the upper Chengchuan Formation）, MGS3 （the middle Chengchuan Formation）, MGS4 （the lower Chengchuan Formation）, MGS5 （most strata of the Salawusu Formation） and MGS6 （the bottom of the Salawusu Formation and the top of the Lishi Formation） correspond to those of MIS1, MIS2, MIS3, MIS4, MISS and MIS6, respectively, from deep sea sediments or continental glaciers. MGS5 can be subdivided into five subsegments （MGS5a, MGS5b, MGS5c, MGS5d and MGS5e） and the boundary ages of these subsegments correspond to those of MISSa, MISSb, MIS5c, MIS5d and MIS5e, respectively. Based on the paleoenvironment and paleoecology indicated by the primary chemical elements, fossil vertebrates, mollusks and pollen grains, we hypothesize that MGS1, MGS2, MGS3, MGS4, MGS5 and MGS6 and the subsegments of MGS5 match the corresponding stages for oxygen isotopes in the deep sea sediments and continental glaciers, and the substages of MIS5 in terms of climatic characters, further explaining the phenomena that determined the formation of the late Quaternary strata and the paleontology of the Salawusu River valley. These phenomena relate to fluctuations in the global climate （and particularly in the East Asian monsoon） during the glacial and interglacial periods.

A New Record of Anguillid Fish in Lancangjiang River,China:Anguilla bicolor

One specimen was collected from Lancangjiang River in Jinghong,China on August 1st,2006.It is identified as Anguilla bicolor McClelland,1844,a new record of Anguillidae species occurring in Lancangjiang River in China.It could be distinguished from other Anguilla species by the character as：dorsal-fin origin located above vent vertically.It is an active nocturnal forager,feeding largely on a diet of crustaceans and mollusks.

Four new records of fish species （Cypriniformes： Nemacheilidae, Balitoridae; Characiformes： Prochilodontidae） and corrections of two misidentified fish species （Tetraodontiformes： Tetraodontidae; Beloniformes： Belonidae） in Yunnan, China

In this study, six fish species of five families are reported for the first time from Yunnan Province, China. The nemacheilid Schistura arnplizona Kottelat, 2000 is reported from the Luosuojiang River and Nanlahe River subbasins, Mekong basin; the prochilodontid Prochilodus lineatus （Valenciennes, 1837）, the balitorid Vanmanenia serrilineata Kottelat, 2000, and the tetraodontid Monotrete turgidus Kottelat, 2000, from Nanlahe River subbasin, Mekong basin; the balitorid Beaz^fortia daon （Mai, 1978）, and the belonid Xenentodon canciloides （Bleeker, 1854）, both, from Black River subbasin, Red River basin. The freshwater puffer M. turgidus and the needlefish ,E canciloides have been previously misidentified as Tettraodon leiurus （Bleeker, 1950） and Tylosurus strongylurus （van Hasselt, 1823）, respectively.

The response of sedimentary record to catchment changes induced by human activities in the western intertidal flat of Yalu River Estuary,China

The response to the catchment changes of the sedimentary environment of the western intertidal flat of Yalu River Estuary was investigated by analyzing the vertical variations of the grain size of sediment cores,along with the hydrologic data and human activities in the catchment.The results demonstrated a stepwise decreasing trend for the variations of both the sediment load and water discharge into the sea,which could be divided into three stages as 1958–1970,1971–1990 and 1991–2009.Reservoir construction and the changes of catchment vegetation coverage turned out to be the two predominant contributors to the changes.There are four periods for the variation of the sensitive components of the sediment cores from 1940 to 2010,i.e.,1940–1950,1951–1980,1981–1990 and 1991–2010.The vertical distribution of grain size in the cores mainly varied with the changes of vegetation coverage in the catchment and reservoir construction from 1960 to 1980,whereas it varied depending on the intensity of water and soil erosion in the catchment from 1980 to 1990.Despite the further reduction of the water and sediment input into the sea from 1990 to 2009,this period was characterized by coarsening trends for the grain size of sediment in the estuarine intertidal flat and correspondingly,the significantly increased silt contents of the sensitive component.

贵州仁怀生物多样性及其环境背景

通过对仁怀市自然环境、遗传资源多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性、景观与土地利用开展全面、深入、系统地调查,结果发现仁怀市自然地理环境较为特殊,区内共记录野生生物物种5515种,其中植物2590种,动物1262种,微生物1663种,包括贵州省新记录科1个、新记录属9个、新记录种116个。仁怀市分布有国家重点保护野生植物21种,国家重点保护野生动物26种。本研究首次全面摸清了仁怀市生物多样性本底资源现状,并尝试系统地从无机环境、微生物和生物多样性方面阐释酱香白酒生产条件的特殊性,对仁怀市生物多样性保护和利用、酱香白酒产业的可持续发展具有一定的指导意义。

三星堆新发现对认识中华远古文明的启示

三星堆新发现,在中国早期文明认识领域掀起轩然大波。面对诸多的未知,怎样看待三星堆新发现?它对认识中华远古文明带来什么启示?这颇值得深思。三星堆新发现拓展了我们认识中国早期文明的视野,但也带来严峻挑战。对于认识中华远古文明,它至少带来三个重要启示:一,在中华远古文明领域,我们尚有太多未知,为此我们须保持审慎、谦逊和敬意。二,中华文明在源头上并非整齐划一,而存在较大区域差异和多样性,这种差异和多样性以及多姿多彩,恰恰构成中华文明体系的博大精深,也赋予其强大生命力和顽强韧性。三,巫术礼仪是中华文明的源头,如何破译远古先民巫术礼仪背后的神性思维逻辑,可能是我们理解中华远古文明的一把钥匙。

A new record of Dasyatid fish in China: Dasyatis laosensis

One specimen was collected from the main course of Lancangjiang River （upper reach of Mekong） in Guanlei Port, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China in April, 2008. It is identified as Dasyatis laosensis, a new record of Dasyatidae species in China. It could be distinguished from other Dasyatis species by a combination of the following characteristics： one enlarged venomous spine on the tail, ventral surface of body with orange marginal coloration, tail length greater than body length.

珠江口近2000年来营养状况演变的氮同位素沉积记录

近2000年以来河口近海氮循环变化的历史及其与人类活动–气候变化的关系研究,对于理解陆海过渡带生态环境演变规律及控制机制具有重要意义。本文通过对珠江口外高分辨率沉积物岩心(WS)总氮同位素(δ^(15)Nbulk)和一系列地球化学指标(TOC、TN、C/N、δ^(13)C、Ti、Al/K等)的综合分析,重建了珠江河口近2000年水体营养化程度(硝酸盐利用率)的演变规律,同时结合研究区的气候环境变化记录和人类活动历史,探讨了河口氮循环在气候变化和人类活动双重压力下的变动机制。结果显示,近2000年以来珠江口沉积物δ^(15)Nbulk的变化特征反映了海洋浮游植物对表层水体硝酸盐利用率的演变过程,即水体的营养状况变化。表层水体氮营养的供应与陆源径流量和水层结构有关,主要受到东亚夏季风(EASM)强度的调控。过去2000年持续增强的人类活动加速了陆源营养盐的输入,使表层水体的营养状况得到很大改善,不断提升河口初级生产力,进而与EASM强度的变化产生了偏移。近2000年以来,珠江口水体硝酸盐利用率整体上呈波动下降的W形,表明营养供应不断增强,而日益增强的人类活动和气候变化共同驱动着珠江口水体营养程度的演变。

新疆3种维管植物新记录

报道了1个中国维管植物新记录种—波叶菊(Chrysanthemum sinuatum Ledeb.),2个新疆维管植物新记录种—刺果茶藨子(Ribes burejense Fr. Schmidt.)、赛北紫堇[Corydalis impatiens (Pall.) Fisch.]。根据标本和野外观察对3个新记录种进行了形态描述,并提供了部分形态特征和生境照片。该报道丰富了新疆地区维管植物多样性,为该地区的植物保护以及物种编目提供了基础数据。

河湖健康档案在阳澄湖健康评价中的应用

总结了我国河湖健康评价工作历程,剖析了河湖健康档案内容;河湖健康档案根据流域面积与水面面积大小将河湖分为三类,明确了各类河湖评价方法和成果提交方式。以苏州阳澄湖为例展示河湖健康档案的建档过程。

数字人文视角下语料库在清代黄河问题研究中的应用

清代黄河研究是历史地理学中的一项重要研究内容,历史地理信息化的发展为清代黄河研究积累了丰富的数字化史料,也为相关史料的整理、分析和知识挖掘等带了新的挑战。语料库作为能够满足多语种、历时性、大规模数据处理和分析的重要工具,将其引入到清代黄河研究中能够助力研究的深入发展。从分词、词性标注等方面入手,阐述了语料库在清代黄河研究中的必要性,提出了一套可行的清代黄河标注语料库建设的技术规范,并以部分清代“河道钱粮册”语料为例进行实证研究,研究发现,从“河道钱粮册”标注语料中基于标注的时间、地点、机构、数词、量词等词性抽取出历年朝廷黄河河银的来源、去向、数量、时间的关联信息,来源包括地点和白银项目。这些指标数据可以支持实现快速的知识整理和深层次的知识发现,能够反映清代河工银制度在不同时期的财政体制变化及其对黄河河工的影响。

郁江干流健康评价

综合考虑梯级位置、支流分布、行政区划等情况,将郁江干流广西评价单元划分为23个评价河段,建立“盆”“水”“生物”“社会服务功能”4个准则层及河流纵向连通指数、生态流量满足程度等14个指标的河流健康评价指标体系,在充分收集利用现有水资源开发利用、水环境监测、生物调查成果的基础上,开展必要的专项补充调查和监测,从河段和河流两个维度,计算指标层和准则层得分,绘制赋分雷达图,分析郁江干流各评价河段健康状况,查找水域岸线管理保护存在的主要问题,提出针对性、可操作性强的对策措施,助力广西安全河湖、生命河湖、幸福河湖建设。

淮河流域上游沉积记录的历史时期沙尘灾害研究

淮河流域风成黄土为研究黄淮平原历史时期沙尘灾害提供了新的窗口。相较于史料记载中的灾害文字记录,风成黄土所提供信息更具本源性和客观性。淮河上游沉积剖面中的风成黄土层拥有较好的光释光测年约束和良好的研究基础,本研究以卢庄剖面中的风成黄土层为研究对象,结合对应历史年代区间内流域灾害史料,从地质学和灾害史双视角进行历史时期沙尘灾害考证。结果显示,淮河流域上游沉积记录中沙尘灾害可能为东汉元初二年(115)三月和延光二年(123)春季颍川郡风灾及东晋义熙五年(409)十一月正阳县风灾引发的近源沙尘暴连续堆积所致。依据同时期气候代用指标及历史文献记载,东汉中期(115-123)和东晋末年(409)处于气候急剧波动期,淮河北岸沙尘灾害可能是当时气候异常多变的瞬时响应。该研究结果可为淮河流域灾害史研究提供新的视角和科学依据。

Runoff variations in the Luanhe River Basin during 1956-2002

The decrease of runoff in the Luanhe river basin, which caused water crisis in Tian-jin for several times, was investigated using discharge data covering the period 1956-2002. The data from the differential integral curves of the annual runoff indicate that the decreasing point began in 1979 in the six sub-basins. The decrease of runoff in the Luanhe river basin resulted from the combination of climate effects and human activities, in which the latter plays an important role. This can be illustrated by noting that after 1979 the runoff generated by similar precipitation decreased under the condition that the total precipitation did not decrease in the entire basin. As a result, the annual runoff of the Luanhe river basin after 1979 decreased by about 6.46×10^8 m^3 each year. To analyze the runoff characteristics, it is inadequate to seek the runoff trends only and the identification of cyclical component of the runoff as accurate as possible is necessary. From the natural annual runoff discharge time series, we can see the annual runoff fluctuates around the long-term average. Analyzed by VRL （Variable Record Length） method, the main periods of 3, 5-6, 7, 9, 16-20 and 37-39 years were found. The last decade causing water crisis was the driest period in the history, and this condition will last several years from trend analysis and power spectrum analysis. So finding new water sources is urgent to solve water crisis in Tianjin city, and the South-North Water Transfer is a feasible option.

Schistura porthos Kottelat,2000,a new record of nemacheilid loach for China

A nemacheilid loach not recorded for China so far has been collected during a survey of the Nanxinghe River,Luosuojiang River subbasin,Mekong basin.The specimens could be identified as Schistura porthos Kottelat,2000.The occurrence in the Luosuojiang River subbasin is a distributional range extension.

Carbon isotopes and lignin phenols for tracing the floods during the past 70 years in the middle reach of the Changjiang River

The Lake Tian E Zhou(TEZ,an oxbow lake)was formed during the rerouting of the Changjiang River in 1972,with strong influences from the main river channel and flood events.Herein,a sediment core was collected from the Lake TEZ for the measurements of carbon isotopes and biomarkers,including stable carbon isotopes(δ13C),radiocarbon composition(?14C),and lignin phenols,as well as lead-210 to reconstruct recent heavy flood events over the past 70 years.At the 24–26 cm interval,the sediment contained the highest OC%,TN%,and lignin phenols content,as well as significantly depleted 13C but enriched 14C,corresponding to the extreme flood event in 1998.In addition,statistics from t-test showed that lignin phenols normalized to OC(Λ8),the concentration of 3,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid(3,5-BD),and the ratio of p-hydroxy benzophenone to total hydroxyl phenols(PHB/HP)were all significantly different between the layers containing flood deposits and the layers deposited under normal non-flood conditions(p<0.05).These results indicate that the later three parameters are highly related to flood events and can be used as compelling proxies,along with sediment chronology,for hydrological changes and storm/flood events in the river basin and coastal marine environments.

Foraminiferal Changes and Response to the Channel Diversion and Discharge Fluctuation of the Yellow River in the North Yellow Sea During the Past Century

Diversion of the Yellow River is a unique geological event in offshore China,causing changes of the sedimentary environment in eastern China Seas.The last diversion took place in AD 1855,with the estuary diverted from the Yellow Sea into the Bohai Sea.The identification of the river diversion events in the shelf sediments would not only provide the definite ages for the sediments,but also give a clue for better understanding of the sedimentation in that area.In this study,210 Pb,grain size,geochemical element,and foraminiferal data in core H205 from the north Yellow Sea were systematically investigated.A high-resolution sedimentary record was established,which was coupled with the Yellow River diversion and runoff changes.The results show that the foraminiferal composition and foraminiferal abundance of the sediments from the north Yellow Sea had good response to the Yellow River diversion in 1855.Before the change,shallow water assemblages dominated the foraminifera,and the abundance of each foraminiferal species was very low.After the diversion event,the abundance of most foraminifera increased sharply,with a maximum increase of 16 times,and the assemblage was still dominated by shallow water species.Furthermore,the changes in foraminiferal abundance in the core sediments corresponded well with the discharge fluctuation of the Yellow River since 1855.When the Yellow River began entering the Bohai Sea,the Yellow River water,which is rich in nutrients,along with the coastal currents affected the north Yellow Sea,increased the primary productivity in the north Yellow Sea,which is the main reason for the abrupt increase and fluctuation of foraminiferal abundance in this area.At the meantime,the East Asian winter monsoon could also promote the development of nearshore foraminiferal species by enhancing the coastal currents.

Five newly recorded Cyprinid fish (Teleostei： Cypriniformes) in Myanmar

Freshwater fish from the Putao and Myitkyina areas were collected in three ichthyofaunal surveys of the Mall Hka River and tributaries in and around Khakaborazi National Park and Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, Kachin State, from 2014-2016. Tor yingjiangensis Chen et Yang 2004, Tor qiaojiensis Wu et al. 1977, Garra qiaojiensis Wu et al. 1977, Garra bispinosa Zhang 2005, and Schizothorax oligolepis Huang 1985, originally described from the upper Irrawaddy （Ayeyarwaddy） River in China, are first reported herein as new records to Myanmar. Counts, measurements, descriptions, photographs, and distributions of the specimens of the five newly recorded species are provided.

禁捕后长江鱼类资源监测的技术指标建议

为了确定监测时长、监测网具、站位布局对禁捕后长江鱼类资源监测评估的有效性,于2021年5—7月在长江中游10个站位开展了鱼类资源捕捞监测,每个站位连续监测15 d,从日捕获量、物种记录数、渔获物群落结构等3方面着手,对监测时长、监测网具、站位布局等的设置进行探讨。结果显示,连续11 d捕捞监测所得累计日均渔获量基本达到稳定,连续15 d捕捞监测可以记录到站位近70%的鱼类种类数,所得累计鱼类群落结构基本达到稳定。网具类型、规格的使用覆盖对监测结果中鱼类种类记录数、鱼类群落结构有明显影响,网具使用量对监测结果中日均渔获量有明显影响。10个监测站位间的鱼类群落结构具有明显差异,结合监测站位间的空间距离来看,鱼类群落结构具有较高的空间异质性。研究表明,为了保障评估结果的准确性,基于原始监测数据进行相关评估之前,有必要对监测数据的充分性、有效性进行检验,网具类型、规格和使用量对监测结果的影响应予以适当考虑,各具体江段的鱼类群落结构评估应由相应具体江段的监测结果来支撑。本研究将为长江流域重点水域全面禁捕后的水生生物资源监测评估提供科学支撑。