The Kubelka-Munk revised theory was adopted to derive the mix design theory of high solar reflectance and high emissivity coatings.When the concentration of each colorant is within 20%,and the width of the coating is ...The Kubelka-Munk revised theory was adopted to derive the mix design theory of high solar reflectance and high emissivity coatings.When the concentration of each colorant is within 20%,and the width of the coating is more than 200 μm,each colorant has enough covering power in visible and near-infrared spectral range.It can be assumed that the addition of colorants in coatings can only change the solar spectral absorption ratio rather than solar spectral scattering coefficient.The spectral scattering coefficient of coatings tends to a constant.The spectral absorption-scattering property of each colorant can be characterized through one parameter.The spectral absorption-scattering coefficient of coatings can be calculated with the multivariate linear relationship of each pigment.Moreover,the results can be expanded for high solar reflectivity and high long-wave emissivity coating preparation.The accuracy of Kubelka-Munk revised theory has been tested and verified through comparison between the calculated value and tested value of coating reflectance.展开更多
Using the data of the Lightning Location System( LLS) over Hubei Province,through the analysis of the distribution characteristics of CG( Cloud-to-Ground) flash density in 2015,it was found that the layout of the dete...Using the data of the Lightning Location System( LLS) over Hubei Province,through the analysis of the distribution characteristics of CG( Cloud-to-Ground) flash density in 2015,it was found that the layout of the detection station had influence on the spatial distribution of lightning.Grid CG flash density data were used to characterize the spatial distribution of the CG flash,and station distance factor was used to characterize the detection station layout. The result showed that there existed negative correlation between density and factor,significant correlation between the density component and the factor for the lightning current amplitude of 5 to 30 kA,and insignificant correlation between >30 kA of density component and factor. So it is necessary to revise the density to eliminate the influence of the station layout. On the basis of the linear regression method and its residual theory,the revision model of the grid CG flash density and the statistical model of relative detection efficiency were established. The result consistency of segment and non-segmented revision of the density was verified. Through the contrastive analysis of theoretical detection efficiency and relative detection efficiency,the feasibility for revision method of CG flash density and the statistical method of relative detection efficiency was also verified.展开更多
针对目前氢损伤失效机理无法量化到失效概率中的问题,更加准确、全面地分析加氢母站设备可靠性,修正经典基于风险的检验(risk based inspection,RBI)理论进行加氢母站设备的可靠性分析,结合双参数韦伯分布、极大似然估计统计分析设备同...针对目前氢损伤失效机理无法量化到失效概率中的问题,更加准确、全面地分析加氢母站设备可靠性,修正经典基于风险的检验(risk based inspection,RBI)理论进行加氢母站设备的可靠性分析,结合双参数韦伯分布、极大似然估计统计分析设备同类失效概率。针对加氢母站设备特有失效机理,创新性地提出氢损伤修正因子与其定量分析方法,整体探讨了加氢母站设备可靠性。结果表明:修正RBI理论的泄漏孔径分类、结合双参数韦伯分布与极大似然估计计算同类失效概率更符合实际工况;结合氢损伤修正因子可得出氢设备失效概率值,氢损伤修正因子敏感性分析表明,氢损伤修正因子对设备失效概率呈正相关,建议对氢设备应采取一些具体措施进行预防性维护,对加氢母站设备安全运营管理与预防决策有重要意义。展开更多
基金Supported by the 12th Five-year National Science and Technology Support Plan(No.2011BAE27B04)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51378391)the China Scholarship Council(award to HE Yan for studying in the University of Toronto)
文摘The Kubelka-Munk revised theory was adopted to derive the mix design theory of high solar reflectance and high emissivity coatings.When the concentration of each colorant is within 20%,and the width of the coating is more than 200 μm,each colorant has enough covering power in visible and near-infrared spectral range.It can be assumed that the addition of colorants in coatings can only change the solar spectral absorption ratio rather than solar spectral scattering coefficient.The spectral scattering coefficient of coatings tends to a constant.The spectral absorption-scattering property of each colorant can be characterized through one parameter.The spectral absorption-scattering coefficient of coatings can be calculated with the multivariate linear relationship of each pigment.Moreover,the results can be expanded for high solar reflectivity and high long-wave emissivity coating preparation.The accuracy of Kubelka-Munk revised theory has been tested and verified through comparison between the calculated value and tested value of coating reflectance.
文摘Using the data of the Lightning Location System( LLS) over Hubei Province,through the analysis of the distribution characteristics of CG( Cloud-to-Ground) flash density in 2015,it was found that the layout of the detection station had influence on the spatial distribution of lightning.Grid CG flash density data were used to characterize the spatial distribution of the CG flash,and station distance factor was used to characterize the detection station layout. The result showed that there existed negative correlation between density and factor,significant correlation between the density component and the factor for the lightning current amplitude of 5 to 30 kA,and insignificant correlation between >30 kA of density component and factor. So it is necessary to revise the density to eliminate the influence of the station layout. On the basis of the linear regression method and its residual theory,the revision model of the grid CG flash density and the statistical model of relative detection efficiency were established. The result consistency of segment and non-segmented revision of the density was verified. Through the contrastive analysis of theoretical detection efficiency and relative detection efficiency,the feasibility for revision method of CG flash density and the statistical method of relative detection efficiency was also verified.
文摘针对目前氢损伤失效机理无法量化到失效概率中的问题,更加准确、全面地分析加氢母站设备可靠性,修正经典基于风险的检验(risk based inspection,RBI)理论进行加氢母站设备的可靠性分析,结合双参数韦伯分布、极大似然估计统计分析设备同类失效概率。针对加氢母站设备特有失效机理,创新性地提出氢损伤修正因子与其定量分析方法,整体探讨了加氢母站设备可靠性。结果表明:修正RBI理论的泄漏孔径分类、结合双参数韦伯分布与极大似然估计计算同类失效概率更符合实际工况;结合氢损伤修正因子可得出氢设备失效概率值,氢损伤修正因子敏感性分析表明,氢损伤修正因子对设备失效概率呈正相关,建议对氢设备应采取一些具体措施进行预防性维护,对加氢母站设备安全运营管理与预防决策有重要意义。
