Regulations for the Protection of the Right of Communication through Information Network

Article 1 These Regulations have been formulated under the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Copyright Law) with a view to protecting the right of communication through information network enjoyed by copyright owners, performers and producers of sound recordings and video recordings (hereinafter collectively referred to as the right owners) and to encouraging creation and communication of works conducive to the building of a socialist society that is advanced ethically and materially.

Impact of Enforcement of Right of Communication through Information Network

On 27 October 2001, the Standing Committee of the People's Congress reviewed and passed the Amendment to the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China. In Article 10 of the amended Copyright Law as of 2001 has been incorporated a new subject matter under the copyright protection: the right of communication through information network, that is, the right to make a work available to the public by wire or by wireless means, so that people may have access to the work from a place and at a time individu...

Minimizing Age of Information in the Uplink Multi-User Networks via Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

Improving the information freshness is critical for the monitoring and controlling applications in the cellular Internet of Things(IoT).In this paper,we are interested in optimizing the bandwidth allocation dynamically to improve the information freshness of the short packet based uplink status updates,which is characterized by a recently proposed metric,age of information(Ao I).We first design a status update scheme with channel distribution information(CDI).By relaxing the hard bandwidth constraint and introducing a Lagrangian multiplier,we first decouple the multi-MTCD bandwidth allocation problem into a single MTCD Markov decision process(MDP).Under the MDP framework,after variable substitution,we obtain the single-MTCD status update scheme by solving a linear programming problem.Then,we adjust the Lagrangian multiplier to make the obtained scheme satisfy the relaxed bandwidth constraint.Finally,a greedy policy is built on the proposed scheme to adjust the bandwidth allocation in each slot to satisfy the hard bandwidth constraint.In the unknown environment without CDI,we further design a bandwidth allocation scheme which only maximizes the expected sum Ao I drop within each time slot.Simulation results show that in terms of AoI,the proposed schemes outperform the benchmark schemes.

Mental Health Impacts of Information and Communication Technology Usage in South Africa

This study examined mental health issues affecting the group of individuals who are in the social media contact list of the researchers.This was done by administering a closed structured questionnaire,covering information from participants’demographic characteristics,duration of time spent on ICT usage,to their perceived health effects thereof.Male respondents,largely unemployed are active ICT users,addicted to the Internet,and also suf-fer from unspecified ailments.Aged 31–35 and above,half of men and all women participants spend more than 5 h per day.High-intensive ICT use is associated,in general,with concurrent symptoms of information overload,depression and Internet addiction.It is insignificantly associated with composite stress.Medium intensive ICT use is correlated with fatigue and depression in equal measure but in opposite direction.There are significant differ-ences in demographic attributes as they explain intensity of ICT Usage.The older the employed survey partici-pants are,the less they suffer from composite stress.However,black South Africans suffer significantly from composite stress,fatigue and depression,though negatively from internet addiction.The results also indicate that South African men have negative experiences of composite stress,depression and internet addiction.Educated South Africans have negative experiences of fatigue,but positive experiences of composite stress,depression and internet addiction.Low intensive use of ICT has no impact on composite stress,fatigue and depressive moods of survey participants.It impacts negatively on internet addiction.Medium intensive use of ICT impacts posi-tively on survey participants’experiences of fatigue,but negatively on composite stress,depression and internet addiction.High-intensive use of ICT impacts positively on survey participants’experiences of composite stress and depression.

Development of a Novel Media-independent Communication Theology for Accessing Local&Web-based Data:Case Study with Robotic Subsystems

Realizing media independence in today’s communication system remains an open problem by and large.Information retrieval,mostly through the Internet,is becoming the most demanding feature in technological progress and this web-based data access should ideally be in user-selective form.While blind-folded access of data through the World Wide Web is quite streamlined,the counter-half of the facet,namely,seamless access of information database pertaining to a specific end-device,e.g.robotic systems,is still in a formative stage.This paradigm of access as well as systematic query-based retrieval of data,related to the physical enddevice is very crucial in designing the Internet-based network control of the same in real-time.Moreover,this control of the end-device is directly linked up to the characteristics of three coupled metrics,namely,‘multiple databases’,‘multiple servers’and‘multiple inputs’(to each server).This triad,viz.database-input-server(DIS)plays a significant role in overall performance of the system,the background details of which is still very sketchy in global research community.This work addresses the technical issues associated with this theology,with specific reference to formalism of a customized DIS considering real-time delay analysis.The present paper delineates the developmental paradigms of novel multi-input multioutput communication semantics for retrieving web-based information from physical devices,namely,two representative robotic sub-systems in a coherent and homogeneous mode.The developed protocol can be entrusted for use in real-time in a complete user-friendly manner.

Analysis of Copyright Infringement in Deep Linking

With the development of Intemet technology, various kinds of network link show up, from common links to deep links, from the web to mobile client. Many platforms named the deep links banner aggregation service emerged gradually. The deep linking has brought convenience to the public and also caused a lot of copyright infringement problems. This paper expounds the identification of infringement of the deep linking information transmission on internet and the identification of infringement of the right of reproduction, furthermore analyzing three kinds of applicable standards to determine interact information transmission behavior. Finally, we should gradually get rid of the dependence on server standard applicable, auxiliary for the substantive alternative standard, and gradually complete the substantive alternative standard.

Applications of IoT in Smart Grid

In this paper,the basic requirements of the smart grid in China are studied.By applying Internet of Things(IoT) technologies,various intelligent services can be created.The development of the smart grid would rely heavily on the application of IoT.The three-layer architecture of IoT for the smart grid in China is introduced.Various information and communication technologies of IoT applied to smart grid are discussed.Particularly,several typical IoT application solutions such as power transmission line monitoring,smart patrol,smart home and electric vehicle management,are provided.

Integration of Computer Assisted Learning in Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools in Kenya

The purpose of this study was to establish factors that lead to poor integration of Information and communication technology （ICT） for teaching and learning in schools in Kenya, despite comprehensive policy, institutional, infrastructural frameworks and capacity building by the Ministry of Education. The subject of this study was administered by use of questionnaires in three categories of public schools： national school, provincial schools and district schools. The respondents were students from each level that is from one, two, three and four and teachers based on the most offered subjects in the secondary schools. The computer assisted learning facilities were classified into computers, internet and content in optical media. In national school Internet based research, optical media content provided by Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development and Cyber School program for science subjects was used in learning. In provincial school, it lacks adequate computers, reliable Internet and content in optical media. In district school, it lacks adequate computer, no internet connection and content in optical media. A learner management system which can be accessed by all learners by use of any internet access devices like mobile phone access will be an ideal tool with over 4,000,000 mobile phone subscribers currently in Kenya.

Reiki as a Communication Process:Between Philosophic Concepts and Experimental Application

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and provide reliable solutions to the Reiki application technique,starting from the fundamental principles expressed by the Reiki origin philosophy,which are proved to be in accordance with the Informational Model of Human and Living Structures(IMHLS).This model reveals the following main fundamental features of the living organisms:(i)On the entire scale of evolution and organization,from the eukaryotic cell-the composing unit of human,plants,animals to human,the living organisms show a similar informational structure,defined as Informational System of Human and Living Structure(ISHLS);(ii)this informational system is organized in seven informational components,three of them assuring the structuration/restructuration/reproduction and maintenance of the body itself,and the other four the connection with external/inner reality for adaptation;(iii)the neuro-connections between brain and body of the informational components of the ISHLS correspond with the activity of“Chakras”of the ancient empirical model as vital centers of human;(iv)the activity of the ISHLS is reflected in mind by cognitive centers,explaining consciousness.The comparison between the informational results of the IMHLS,with the philosophic Reiki origin concepts,sustains the application of Reiki technique,but improves its understanding and right application by using new,modern concepts developed by the informational model,in accordance not only with their ancient,empirical expression,but much more than that,with actual scientific knowledge on this issue nowadays,concerning information and info-transferring/communication stream in the living bodies.The successful application and effective results of this new version allow to consider this as Ro-Reiki version,just to recognize the essential Romanian contribution to this improvement,concerning the implication and effectiveness of information and the info-communication mechanisms into the human and living organisms,explained in scientific terms of information and psycho-somatic therapy effects.

平台处理未成年人个人信息的合规审计分析

个人信息合规审计制度是信息时代运用审计法治推进人权保障事业的重要制度设计,未成年人个人信息保护合规审计是保护未成年人个人信息权益的重要举措。目前实践中尚未形成体系化的互联网平台治理规范,落实平台履行个人信息合规审计义务的针对性、完整性和有效性规定均存在明显瑕疵,且平台自身开展个人信息合规审计的内生动力不足,外部监管也施力有限。为发挥审计法律规制效力,切实保护未成年人个人信息权益,未成年人个人信息合规审计需坚持最有利于未成年人原则。平台开展个人信息合规审计须凸显未成年人保护的特殊性,强化平台内部治理,建立健全平台个人信息保护合规激励机制,以合作监管模式赋能政企协同监管,形成全社会共同参与的未成年人个人信息保护机制。

身联网时代个人信息保护的路径革新:从“过程式”到“结果式”

在身联网时代,个人信息与人身安全的关联性愈加紧密。个人信息权益保护的重点也不再只是信息的自主控制利益,还包括个人信息处理过程中易受损的其他民事权益(尤其是身体健康权益),由此也导致身联网技术应用中的身体健康权益保护需求凸显。为此,我国有必要为具有限制人身自由效果的身联网技术应用提供合法性依据,并有必要从保护人身自由的角度完善个人信息保护法律体系。然而,我国《个人信息保护法》采取的是保护信息自主控制权益为主的“过程式”保护模式。它忽略了身体健康权益保护的优先性,使得个人信息保护的法益偏离,并导致个人和身联网企业、社会公共利益之间产生了利益冲突,民事侵权机制也难以救济个人人身损害。特别是在身联网技术的影响下,这种模式既无法有效保障个人的身体健康权益,还会增加信息处理者安全保障义务的履行成本进而阻碍社会发展。为此,我国应当积极回应身联网时代个人信息保护与身体健康权益保护的双重要求,采用个人人身权益保障为主导的“结果式”保护模式,进而回归到个人信息保护的应然客体,推进价值保护和技术规制之间的平衡,同时以国家保护弥补私力保护不足。有鉴于此,身联网时代的个人信息保护模式应当做好保护路径的法治化革新:其一,我国可以在充分发挥“过程式”优势的基础上,确定以结果式为主导的混合型保护模式,进一步细化处理者的告知义务,缩小同意权的范围,明确个人信息保护的具体法益;其二,以保护身体健康权益作为价值目标,由个人、企业、国家共同承担个人信息安全保护义务,建立个人、企业和国家之间个人信息利用的互惠共享合作关系;其三,从身体健康权益保障出发,通过对“人身损害”进行扩大解释,将潜在损害风险纳入损害范围。根据人身损害结果的潜在风险和长期性差异,个人信息主体在损害结果和因果关系上可以适用不同的证明标准。

NFT数字藏品交易行为性质与平台责任分析

伴随近年来元宇宙数字虚拟场景和区块链技术的蓬勃发展,NFT数字藏品不断涌现。鉴于目前我国监管政策剥离了NFT数字藏品的金融资产属性,相关交易聚焦著作权保护。从NFT数字藏品的内涵与运行原理来分析目前学界对NFT数字藏品首次发售行为在著作权法基础上定性的争议与论证思路,并进一步对我国NFT数字藏品第一案一审与二审判决论证展开讨论。基于NFT交易平台兼具作品出版与网络服务平台的角色,提出交易平台应突破避风港原则,提高注意义务标准,设置事前审查与网络安全义务,为数字藏品交易保驾护航。

论网络环境下的信息获取权

在我国进行的政府信息化过程中 ,政府信息公开已成为必然的趋势。在这一发展形势中 ,信息获取权必将成为我国法律中不可或缺的重要权利。本文对我国信息获取权的概念、意义、设定基础、内容和限制等作了探讨 ,并着重论述了在网络环境下 。

信息生态视角下移动网络隐私问题及防治措施

移动互联网环境下用户隐私保护成为移动信息生态持续平衡发展亟待解决的难题。文章首先阐述移动信息生态系统的概念、构成以及要素间相互关系,其次从信息生态视角分析移动隐私侵犯的原因,最后基于移动信息生态系统框架提出移动互联网用户隐私侵犯问题的防治措施。

中国网民的意识形态立场及其形成 一个实证的分析

本文以4 000多份网民的调查问卷数据为依据,对中国公众的"左""右"意识形态立场的现状、特征及其起源进行了分析。研究发现,中国"左""右"派网民与西方国家的"左""右"派在基础性政治心理特性上恰好相反,中国的"左派"相对于右派而言,具有更为显著的威权人格特征,也更倾向于维护现有社会秩序和传统价值,在对外态度上更为强硬和排外。右派比"左派"更关注社会公平、限制公权力和赞同后现代价值。从信息接触和政治心理两个理论视角进行分析后发现,媒体影响和威权人格对网民意识形态立场的形成均有明显影响。笔者认为,在新媒体时代,随着信息源日益多元,相对于外在的信息而言,个体内在的威权人格对个人意识形态立场形成的影响可能会更强。

赛事直播节目网络盗播的规制困境与出路

赛事直播节目蕴含着巨大的经济利益,使其容易成为盗链并播放的对象。三网融合前,对盗播行为可根据路径以侵犯广播权或信息网络传播权为由进行规制。三网融合后,直播路径与终端的分离使权利人无法确定盗播行为是侵犯广播权还是信息网络传播权,《著作权法》陷入了规制困境。《著作权法(修改草案)》送审稿试图通过将广播权改为播放权,沿用现行信息网络传播权,保留兜底权利的方式应对网络盗播,但此种"补充型"的立法思路无济于事。现阶段,应以是否具有交互性作为区分播放权与信息网络传播权的唯一依据;未来,可通过在著作财产权上建立"伞形"权利体系,设置立体的传播权。

网上信息资源自主知识产权的意义、标准与建设策略

本文通过对我国信息化实践的考察,论述了网上信息资源自主知识产权的意义,认为知识产权是保障国家信息安全、取得信息化实效的需要,也是提高我国网络竞争力的需要。最后提出了网上信息自主知识产权的标准:信息创作主权化、信息表达汉语化和信息标准自主化。建议从中文信息资源推动、加强信息关键技术创新、政府引导等方面加强自主知识产权建设。

跨境数据流动立法的价值取向与我国选择

由于跨境数据流动的全球规则尚未达成,我国众多"走出去"的互联网企业随时可能遭受以数据安全为名义的贸易壁垒。跨境数据流动法律法规必须在商业利益与网络隐私、网络安全性与网络流动性、严格标准与宽松标准、本国特色与国际习惯之间作出价值选择。从全球范围上看,当前存在美国商业利益优先理念下的宽松立法、欧盟个人权利优先理念下的严格立法、俄罗斯数据主权优先理念下的本地存取型立法、澳大利亚利益均衡原则下的折中型立法等四种价值选择。我国需要确立数据主权优先、个人信息保护与经济发展并重的法律原则。国内法方面需对网络隐私权进行宽泛化、包容性的界定,分类监管跨境数据。在国际法方面需依托跨境贸易的中国方案和"一带一路"沿线国家,先从区际规则着手积极参与国际规则的制定。

虚拟咨询服务面临的著作权问题

本文通过剖析虚拟咨询的服务过程,从资料收集、资料传播和用户利用三个环节分析了虚拟咨询所面临的著作权风险,并提出了相应对策。重申了著作权意识对图书馆的重要性。

编纂一部网络时代的民法典

党的第十八届四中全会通过了《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》,其中在"加强重点领域立法"中指出,"加强市场法律制度建设,编纂民法典"。这为我国未来民事立法工作指明了方向和道路。21世纪是互联网时代,我国民法典应当充分反映这一时代特征,强化对人格权的保护、有效规范网络交易、保障个人的信息权利、丰富权利公示方法、预防网络侵权行为,以更好地发挥民法典作为"社会生活的百科全书",引领社会生活的作用。