Metropolitan Housing Development in Urban Fringe Areas-A Case Study of Three Metropolitan Cities of South Africa: Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni and Tshwane

Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.

Analyzing land use characteristics of rural settlements on the urban fringe of Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China

The objective of this paper is to analyze land use characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe so as to provide references for optimizing the regional distribution of rural settlements, consolidating rural settlements, and coordinating urban-rural integrated development. The methods of spatial statistical analysis, buffer analysis, Ripley's K function, kernel density analysis based on GIS(Geographic Information System) were used to analyze the characteristics of scale, spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of the rural settlements in Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing Municipality of China. The fractal dimension formula was also developed to reflect fractal feature of the rural settlements. The results show that, the scale of rural settlements in Liangjang New Area takes on distinct characteristics of spatial differentiation along with changes in elevation, gradient, location, geohazards distribution, and the like. The fractal characteristic of rural settlements has obvious regional variations subject to the 6 factors of location in the Liangjiang New Area. Overall, the worse the terrain conditions are, the larger the fractal dimension values become. The better the locationconditions, the larger the fractal dimension values are. The spatial pattern in the township scale presents three kinds of distribution as being aggregated, uniform and random. In contract, the spatial pattern in the plaque scale displays a banding distribution from a general view with several aggregation zones centering on each town center. From the results, we can see that the characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe are more complicated. For such kind of rural settlements in special regions, in the rural land consolidation more attention should be paid to improve the rural living environments and public services, as well as to promote the harmonious relationship between the urban and rural areas.

Research on Application of Low Technology in Landscape Reconstruction of Watercourses and Embankments in Wanjiang Urban Fringe in China

Urban fringe is a dynamic development area and its development in a certain period and region makes greater damage on the environment;hence,it is important to select proper technologies for landscape reconstruction.Based on this theme,the paper has analyzed the development and functional orientation of watercourses and embankments landscapes in Wanjiang urban fringe.On this basis,from the perspective of the selection and application of materials for watercourse and embankment landscape reconstruction,the respect of specific environmental culture of Wanjiang urban fringe,and the adaptation to the integration of watercourse landscape reconstruction technologies of Wanjiang urban fringe,the paper has illustrated the application of low technologies in landscape reconstruction of watercourses and embankments in Wanjiang urban fringe,so as to improve the surrounding environment and even the built-up environment based on the eco-environment of watercourses and embankments.

Changing Spatial and Structural Patterns of Non-agricultural Activities in Outward-moving Beijing Urban Fringe

As responses to metropolitan suburbanization and rural urbanization,the formation and evolution of urban fringes should be understood against the background of overall economic development and spatial reconstruction of entire metropolises.At the same time,however,endogenous interactions between industrial structure and spatial patterns of non-agricultural activities are also worthy of scholarly attention.Since the 1980s,studies on urban fringes in China have been restricted by the lack of micro-level data.This paper investigates the spatial expansion and structural evolution of the urban fringe by taking the case of Beijing and uses systematic firm-level data in 1996 and 2001 from the National Census of Basic Units.The diversity of distribution patterns across industrial sectors brings about two interrelated results.On the one hand,structural adjustment of non-agricultural industries promotes the expansion and spatial evolution of the urban fringe.On the other hand,the stability and dynamics of industrial structure coexist in the moving urban fringe.This study also reveals that the outward-moving urban fringe is the optimal location for manufacturing,especially heavy manufacturing,as well as traditional producer and consumer services.However,industries with spatial stickiness such as tourism and sports have not moved with the fringe.Most advanced services remain concentrated in the city center.The authors argue that it is essential for understanding and managing urban fringes to take into account spatial evolution and industrial structural adjustment together with their interaction with each other.

Impacts of Transportation Arteries on Land Use Patterns in Urbanrural Fringe: A Comparative Gradient Analysis of Qixia District, Nanjing City, China

Integrated transportation and land use studies are of major interest to planners because they consider the interaction between transportation development and land use change. Quantifying the impact of transport infrastructure on land use change is necessary for evaluating the role of transportation development in the process of land use and land cover change in the urban-rural fringe. Taking Qixia District of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China as a typical urban-rural fringe area, this paper analyzes the patterns and characteristics of land use change along three major transportation arteries using land use data from 2000 and 2008. We examine the spatial differentiation and gradient of land use pattern around railway, expressway, and highway corridors to investigate whether land use change in the urban-rural fringe is related to distance from transportation arteries and to clarify the varying impacts of different forms of transport infrastructure on land use patterns. We find that construction land generally tends to be located close to major transportation arteries, and that railways have the most obvious influence on land use change in the urban-rural fringe, while the impact of expressways was not significant. We conclude that there exists a causal relationship between the presence of transportation arteries and land use change in the urban-rural fringe, but this relationship varies across different types of linear transport infrastructure.

Study on sustainable development of urban fringe in China

Based on the analyses of characteristics and functions of urban fringe of China, this paper discusses the guidelines and systematic framework for sustainable development of urban fringe, and puts forward relevant index system for evaluation.

An investigation of the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the related in？uencing factors

Objective：To investigate the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly living in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the factors that influence these variables.Methods：A cluster sampling method was used to select 280 elderly individuals from seven urban-rural fringe communities in Xianning to complete a survey regarding their health value and self-care capabilities.Results：The total health value and self-care capability scores of the elderly were 7.45 ± 1.45 and100.25±22.56,respectively.Both of these scores significantly differed by age,education level,marital status,and income（P 〈 0.05,P 〈 0.01）.Self-care capability was correlated with health value（r=0.521）.A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that health value,marital status,and age predicted selfcare capability.Conclusions：Elderly people living in the urban-rural fringe area with higher health values also had higher self-care capabilities.The self-care capabilities of the elderly can be enhanced by improving their health value using the ＂knowing-trusting-acting＂ model.

Fringe View: Problems and Construction of Human Settlement Environment for "Village-in-City"

The construction of human settlement environment is one of the important contents in the domain of sustainable development. We try to annotate human settlement environment for "village- in-city" from the angle of fringe view. According to the macro-system thought of human settlement environment science, the evolvement, which can be generalized into four phases, connotation and problems (including social, economic, and environmental problems) of "village-in-city" are discussed primarily in this paper. Some domestic and international researches and practices are also summarized and assessed in the paper. Based on the analysis, some appropriate clues and suggestions for the construction of "village-in-city" have been put forward.

“城—产—人”关联视角下城市边缘乡村转型的多尺度路径——以江苏溧阳北拓区为例

文章从空间、要素和时间维度,辨析城边村与“城”“产”“人”三重外部动力的多重关联性,构建“城—产—人”关联视角下的城边村转型研究框架。在此视角下,基于城边村演化发展的核心特征总结,从城区、园区、社区3个层面探讨城边村转型的多尺度空间路径,分别为:以城乡融合推动空间结构重组、以产业转型支撑空间布局融合、以人群需求引领品质生活营造。最后以溧阳北拓区乡村为例,以“融入城区—联动园区—激活社区”为脉络,提出城边村多尺度协同的规划策略,以期为我国乡村转型与新型城镇化提供可能的借鉴。

基于ISM和AHP的城乡结合部公众突发公共卫生事件风险感知关键影响因素分析

深入研究城乡结合部公众突发公共卫生事件风险感知关键影响因素,对政府调节公众风险感知、提升应急管理能力具有重要意义。首先构建城乡结合部公众突发公共卫生事件风险感知影响因素指标体系,然后利用解释结构模型(ISM)方法对影响因素进行层次分析,并采用层次分析(AHP)法对各层次影响因素的影响力大小进行分析,确定城乡结合部公众突发公共卫生事件风险感知的关键影响因素。结果表明:城乡结合部公众突发公共卫生事件风险感知的影响因素分为直接因素、间接因素和根本因素三个层次;应急决策指挥和感染死亡情况是关键直接影响因素,医疗救援能力和应急物资保障是关键间接影响因素,文化水平、技能水平和公共设施完善度是关键根本影响因素。针对关键影响因素,提出建立和完善预警系统、普及宣传应急知识和加大对城乡结合部地区医疗机构的投入等措施,为政府应急管理提供决策支持。

共同缔造模式下城边村社区更新规划研究——以广州市草河村为例

近年来,共同缔造理念在各地的规划实践中不断丰富和深化,有效推动了城乡社区发展。城边村社区是新型城镇化背景下推动郊区城市化、促进城乡融合的重要社会单元,更新过程中面临诸多社会问题。本文以典型城边村广东省广州市番禺区草河村为例,分析共同缔造模式下大城市城边村更新的实施问题与规划思路。规划搭建草河村共同缔造工作坊,探索构建“纵向到底、横向到边”的共同缔造实施机制。工作路径方面,在规划的不同阶段通过多种方式保证多元规划主体的参与,引导村民认同并加入村庄共同缔造实践。研究发现,草河村共同缔造工作促进了村民主体性提升,但由于未能形成稳定的规划共识,持续吸引规划主体参与,使得村庄更新规划陷入停滞。城边村共同缔造是渐进式的工作过程,需要多主体循序渐进、因地制宜地探索实施路径。草河村的规划实践为改善我国城边村共同缔造更新工作的实施提供参考。

基于城市实体地域的城乡接合部空间界定研究——以广州市为例

当前国内外城乡接合部空间界定研究尚未达成共识,在行政管理实践中也未形成明确的标准,导致了城乡接合部空间治理的现实困境。基于此,文章提出基于城市实体地域的城乡接合部空间界定方法,对广州市进行实证研究。结果表明:1)以自然资源部高精度遥感和土地调查数据准确识别的城市实体地域范围为城乡接合部空间界定测算指标,以明确的行政村、居委会为最小统计单元,可以有效地衔接国土空间规划技术体系;2)采用国内外大多数研究认同的25%~75%理想值与聚类分析法,并以广州市为典型案例进行城乡接合部空间界定阈值的优化与检验,最终确定广州市城乡接合部空间界定合理阈值为10%~75%;3)精准的测算指标、明确的研究单元和可操作性强的界定方法,可以较好地识别出城乡接合部空间,同时也为更深入的空间研究与治理提供支撑。

边缘空间“再生产”——城市边缘区生态价值的耗散机制与捕获路径

快速城市化伴随着城市边缘区的生态衰退与价值耗散。由此引发的区位比较优势削弱限制了边缘空间的资本积累和价值创造潜力,导致存量难更新和增量不经济的双向发展困境。本文在回溯城市边缘区生态资本化历程的基础上,构建生态价值耗散的空间表征和认知局限解释框架,最终提出城市边缘区生态价值捕获的空间规划响应策略。研究得出:城市边缘区的生态价值耗散强化了空间要素替代,延缓了土地更新时机,并衍生了生态成本多尺度扩散;价值核算偏差、增长脱钩困局与生态管制悖论是制约城市边缘区生态价值认知的关键因素;在规划实践中,通过“时空统筹”的资源梳理、“城绿融合”的价值创造和“刚柔互补”的系统运营维护能促进城市边缘区的空间“再生产”。

基于社会-生态耦合视角的城市边缘区生境服务评估与分区

城市边缘区是城市和乡村交接的社会-生态脆弱区,科学评估其生境服务,对于生物多样性保护与地区可持续发展具有重要意义。在生境服务评估中将社会和生态视角进行整合,有利于制订具有接受度和包容性的保护与管理策略。以上海市青浦区为例,基于社会-生态耦合视角构建“生境质量-生境感知”的生境服务评估框架,综合InVEST模型和SolVES模型开展评估,采用耦合协调度模型分析生境质量和生境感知的耦合协调关系,利用地理探测器探究协调空间分异的影响因素,并进行生境服务分区。结果表明:(1)研究区生境质量整体处于较低水平,空间分布呈“西高东低”格局;生境感知空间分布则多临近水系呈“条带状”格局。(2)生境质量与生境感知的耦合协调程度为轻度失调,且失调单元较多。(3)社会经济因素为耦合协调空间分异的主要影响因素,且多与景观格局因素共同作用。(4)基于生境质量和生境感知的匹配与耦合协调关系,可将研究区划分为4大类、12小类生境服务区,以进行针对性保护与管理。研究结果可为促进人与自然和谐共生的生境综合保护提供参考依据。

城乡一体化视域下国内城市边缘区研究进展及展望

工业化、城市化的快速发展导致城乡贫富差距日益扩大,激化了城乡之间的矛盾。城市边缘区的不健康发展严重影响城乡一体化可持续发展的进程,亟待需要更新和升级交通、产业等配套设施,以适应新时代城乡一体化战略的需要。城市边缘区的合理发展对于缓解城乡二元结构矛盾具有重要意义。为了系统地探讨城市边缘区的发展历史、现状、挑战与机遇,采用文献计量方法,运用CiteSpace对近10年城市边缘区研究领域进行了可视化分析,揭示了这一区域研究中的热点领域和关联领域,以及当前研究的重点和发展方向,并提出合理的未来展望。综合文献分析表明,城市边缘区由最初的单一经济发展思维转向多元化协同主体发展。同时,城市边缘区发展规划应积极推进智慧数字技术的应用,以促进城乡一体化的协调共进,实现多元主体的可持续增进发展。

绿色融合式治理:城乡结合部社区生态治理的空间转向与生成机制

城乡结合部社区作为城市化进程中的一个过渡形态,其“亦城亦乡”的混合形态为城乡社区治理带来了巨大挑战。如何实现以人为本的社区发展治理与生态治理的有机融合,进而推动我国新型城市化高质量发展,成为值得深入探讨的重大议题。本研究以成都市公园社区示范点为例,以马克思主义的社会空间理论为视角,以“空间断裂—空间修复—空间适配”为分析框架。研究发现:在快速城市化进程中,生态空间与生产空间、生活空间相“切割”引发了城乡结合部社区的“新陈代谢断裂”;通过空间修复与空间营造,城乡结合部社区实现了从生产、生活和生态空间分类而治转向空间适配的绿色融合式治理。“绿色融合式治理”是一种以“绿色”生态价值观念为准则的社区治理创新机制,包含“多元主体联动”“空间尺度再造”与“空间资源融合”的内在机理,不仅拓展和丰富了社区治理的理论维度,更生动展现了中国式现代化对于西方现代化的超越。“绿色融合式治理”不仅是中国城乡社区治理的机制创新,也可为世界可持续发展贡献中国智慧和中国方案,进一步推进全球生态正义的实现。

资源导向下城市边缘乡村集群化规划方法研究——以杭州富阳五村为例

快速城镇化背景下,城市边缘地区作为城乡要素渗透频繁的过渡地带,已成为社会经济最为活跃但发展问题较突出的重点区域。而在常规单村独建规划模式下,该地区乡村多暴露出资源利用低效、产业模式趋同、环境建设无序、治理效益不佳等切实问题,阻碍了城乡高质量协调发展。为此,文章针对当前发展瓶颈,以资源这一核心线索为导向,提出了一套针对城市边缘乡村的集群化规划方法。基于集群本底资源的系统解读,挖掘整合价值资源,从产业经济、功能定位、空间建设及基层治理4个层面,构建联动发展、错位互补、系统导控、协商共治的关键路径,以此助推乡村集群的资源有效利用与社会经济振兴。最后,以浙江省杭州市富阳区5个村庄的集群化规划实践为例,探讨该方法的实施路径与效应机制,以期为同类地区乡村未来发展提供思路参考与案例借鉴。

基于1990—2020年综合土地利用动态变化的巩义市城市边缘区空间研究

以郑州市下辖且接壤的巩义市为研究对象,以1990年和2020年两期TM/OLI影像和统计年鉴数据为依据,使用1 km×1 km网格划分样区并提取各样区的综合土地利用动态度数值,借助数学模型分析确定城市边缘区范围,分析巩义市近30年来城市边缘区用地变化特征及扩展机制。结果表明,自然条件是用地扩张的基础因素,政策与经济是边缘区外扩的核心驱动力,交通对扩张具有指向性作用;边缘区内的土地变化主要表现为建设用地急剧增加、农业用地锐减,同时受距离和开发时序影响,用地类型交错复杂,破碎化特征明显。

地方认同视角下城市边缘传统集市的转型及意义重构

以呈贡集市龙街为例,在对龙街内及附近的居民进行地方依恋和地方认同的问卷调查和深度访谈的基础上,运用SPSS 26.0统计分析软件对收集的100份问卷进行定量分析。结果表明:(1)龙街的地方依恋和地方认同之间关系显著且为正相关,地方依恋程度越高,地方认同的程度就越高。(2)年龄、离地时间和月收入状况对居民地方认同的影响显著,3个要素共同指向居民治愈性的需求。(3)龙街的功能重构表现在经济功能逐渐衰减,而文化功能却不断增强,因为其满足了城市居民从地方性中获得治愈的需求,才能在城市化进程中长青。该研究对城镇化与城乡一体化、服务三农、乡村振兴等具有一定的现实意义。

村域微尺度就地城镇化潜力空间分异与影响因素研究:以江苏省淮安市5个区县为例

就地城镇化是实现新型城镇化战略的主要路径,对促进我国乡村振兴与城乡可持续发展具有重要意义。以淮安市962个行政村为案例地,尝试采用农户城镇购房率界定就地城镇化潜力,运用核密度分析、空间自相关分析刻画就地城镇化潜力的空间格局,进而使用地理探测器与地理加权回归识别主导影响因素。结果表明:(1)淮安市就地城镇化潜力达28.0%,但两极分化现象明显。其中,洪泽区最高,达44.4%。(2)淮安市就地城镇化潜力呈现两头高、中间低的橄榄型圈层空间格局;空间自相关特征显著,热点区集中于涟水县和洪泽区,冷点区分布在主城区东北侧和西南侧。(3)淮安市就地城镇化潜力的主导因子依次为至市中心便捷度、常年在外农户占比、质量较好住房占比、至中等教育机构便捷度、发展类自然村占比等;其中,至市中心便捷度与至县城便捷度的交互力最强,大多数因子均与至市中心便捷度发生交互。(4)常年在外农户占比、质量较好住房占比、开发强度、至中等教育机构便捷度、至市中心便捷度、发展类自然村占比具有大小不一的空间异质性。基于研究结论,提出要因地制宜、统筹兼顾推进乡村就地城镇化工作。