Modern technology is being used to avert a trash crisis in Chinese cities Few Beijingers who are enjoying the bustle of modern city life realize that they are being besieged by trash. If no measures were taken, Beijin...Modern technology is being used to avert a trash crisis in Chinese cities Few Beijingers who are enjoying the bustle of modern city life realize that they are being besieged by trash. If no measures were taken, Beijing would soon see itself in the middle of a garbage crisis, said Chen Yong, head of展开更多
Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the insular cortex has a signif- icant role in pain identification and information integration, while the default mode network is associated with cognitive...Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the insular cortex has a signif- icant role in pain identification and information integration, while the default mode network is associated with cognitive and memory-related aspects of pain perception. However, changes in the functional connectivity between the defauk mode network and insula during pain remain unclear. This study used 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging scans in 12 healthy sub- jects aged 24.8 ± 3.3 years to compare the differences in the functional activity and connectivity of the insula and default mode network between the baseline and pain condition induced by intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline. Compared with the baseline, the insula was more functionally connected with the medial prefrontal and lateral temporal cortices, whereas there was lower connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and inferior parietal lobule in the pain condition. In addition, compared with baseline, the anterior cingulate cortex exhibited greater connectivity with the posterior insula, but lower connectivity with the anterior insula, during the pain condition. These data indicate that experimental low back pain led to dysfunction in the connectivity between the insula and default mode network resulting from an impairment of the regions of the brain related to cognition and emotion, suggesting the impor- tance of the interaction between these regions in pain processing.展开更多
The theme of the article is Polish movie Illumination directed by Krzysztof Zanussi to his own screenplay in 1972 （cinema premiere 1973）. ＂The film contains elements of Zanussi＇s intellectual biography as well as ...The theme of the article is Polish movie Illumination directed by Krzysztof Zanussi to his own screenplay in 1972 （cinema premiere 1973）. ＂The film contains elements of Zanussi＇s intellectual biography as well as documentary elements, e.g., appearances of philosopher Wiadyslaw Tatarkiewicz＂. It is one of the most important Polish films. The purpose of the text is to examine the philosophical contexts in this film, and the relationship between ＂orders＂, ＂art＂, and ＂science＂. The research method is： semiotics, psychology of perception and comparative research. The text will refer to the philosophical writings： Blaise Pascala＇s Thoughts, St. Augustine＇s Confessions and the monograph work of Krzysztof Zanussi, for example, Mariola Marczak＇s Anxiety and Longing, Movies and the Value, About the Films of KrzysztofZanussi （Publisher： University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 2011） or Tomasza Ktysa, The Intellectual Cinema of KrzysztofZanussi, in ＂Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences et des Lettres de Lodez＂ （vol. XLV）; Serie： ＂Recherches sur les Arts＂ （vol. VI）; Polish Cinema in Ten Takes, edited by E. Nurczyfiska-Fidelska, Z. Batko （Publisher： Lodz Scientific Society in Lodz, 1995）.展开更多
At present, there are several problems such as randomness, blindness and experience in the teaching of public security science major, especially in practical teaching, thus colleges and universities cannot adapt to th...At present, there are several problems such as randomness, blindness and experience in the teaching of public security science major, especially in practical teaching, thus colleges and universities cannot adapt to the requirements of talents training. In order to improve the practice teaching quality of public security practice, we should apply modern instructional design theory. Aiming at the problems existing in the practice teaching of public order, we design a practice teaching system for public security. In the process of practice teaching design of public order, we should pay attention to the starting point of the practice teaching, design of teaching objectives, design of practical teaching content, design of practical teaching mode and evaluation of the practice teaching of public security.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： A meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials investigating the long- term effect of dexamethasone on the nervous system of preterm infants. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was condu...OBJECTIVE： A meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials investigating the long- term effect of dexamethasone on the nervous system of preterm infants. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using The Cochrane Library （from January 1993 to June 2013）, EMBASE （from January 1980 to June 2013）, MEDLINE （from Janu- ary 1963 to June 2013）, OVID （from January 1993 to June 2013）, Springer （from January 1994 to June 2013） and Chinese Academic Journal Full-text Database （from January 1994 to June 2013）. Key words were preterm infants and dexamethasone in English and Chinese. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of intravenous dexamethasone in preterm infants. The quality of the included papers was evaluated and those without the development of the nervous system and animal experiments were exclud- ed. Quality assessment was performed through bias risk evaluation in accordance with Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 software in the Cochrane Collaboration. The homogeneous studies were analyzed and compared using Revman 5.2.6 software, and then effect model was selected and analyzed. Those papers failed to be included in the meta-analysis were subjected to descriptive analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Nervous system injury in preterm infants. RESULTS： Ten randomized controlled trials were screened, involving 1,038 subjects. Among them 512 cases received dexamethasone treatment while 526 cases served as placebo control group and blank control group. Meta-analysis results showed that the incidence of cerebral palsy, visual im- pairment and hearing loss in preterm infants after dexamethasone treatment within 7 days after birth was similar to that in the control group （RR = 1.47, 95%CI： 0.97-2.21; RR = 1.46, 95%CI： 0.97-2.20; RR = 0.80, 95%CI： 0.54-1.18; P 〉 0.05）, but intelligence quotient was significantly de- creased compared with the control group （MD = -3.55, 95%CI： -6.59 to -0.51; P = 0.02）. Prete rm infants treated with dexamethasone 7 days after birth demonstrated an incidence of cerebral palsy and visual impairment, and changes in intelligence quotient similar to those in the control group （RR = 1.26, 95%CI： 0.89-1.79; RR = 1.37, 95%CI： 0.73-2.59; RR = 0.53, 95%CI： 0.32-0.89; RR = 1.66, 95%CI： -4.7 to 8.01; P 〉 0.05）. However, the incidence of hearing loss was significantly increased compared with that in the control group （RR = 0.53, 95%CI： 0.32-0.89; P = 0.02）. CONCLUSION： Dexamethasone may affect the intelligence of preterm infants in the early stages after birth, but may lead to hearing impairment at later stages after birth. More reliable conclusions should be made through large-size, multi-center, well-designed randomized controlled trials.展开更多
The traditional way of describing the history of Chinese law, i.e., fitting Chinese historical materials into the basic framework of the Western conceptual system needs to be thoroughly reconsidered. ＂Precedent＂ or ...The traditional way of describing the history of Chinese law, i.e., fitting Chinese historical materials into the basic framework of the Western conceptual system needs to be thoroughly reconsidered. ＂Precedent＂ or ＂NJfftJ＂ （panli）, which has attracted academic attention both in China and abroad, can serve as an example in this regard. The concept ＇~N] fit],＂ which may have originated from Japanese kanji in the nineteenth century, was used to translate its Western counterpart. A review of the historical and modern practice of the Western European countries of England and France shows that precedent has always played an important role in achieving consensus in the legal community and guiding future rulings by means of case law. This function, which has something in common with the relevant portions of ancient Chinese legal institutions, can serve as a foundation for constructing a universal theoretical system. At the same time, the relevant Chinese institutions had specific institutional contexts and functions. By combining universal and specific functional analysis, ＂two-way functionalism＂ may be able to avoid the Western-centric approach and futile conceptual discrimination and turn towards the exploration and elucidation of functional issues, so as to eventually establish a new framework for the narrative of Chinese legal history.展开更多
文摘Modern technology is being used to avert a trash crisis in Chinese cities Few Beijingers who are enjoying the bustle of modern city life realize that they are being besieged by trash. If no measures were taken, Beijing would soon see itself in the middle of a garbage crisis, said Chen Yong, head of
基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2012B031800305
文摘Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the insular cortex has a signif- icant role in pain identification and information integration, while the default mode network is associated with cognitive and memory-related aspects of pain perception. However, changes in the functional connectivity between the defauk mode network and insula during pain remain unclear. This study used 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging scans in 12 healthy sub- jects aged 24.8 ± 3.3 years to compare the differences in the functional activity and connectivity of the insula and default mode network between the baseline and pain condition induced by intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline. Compared with the baseline, the insula was more functionally connected with the medial prefrontal and lateral temporal cortices, whereas there was lower connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and inferior parietal lobule in the pain condition. In addition, compared with baseline, the anterior cingulate cortex exhibited greater connectivity with the posterior insula, but lower connectivity with the anterior insula, during the pain condition. These data indicate that experimental low back pain led to dysfunction in the connectivity between the insula and default mode network resulting from an impairment of the regions of the brain related to cognition and emotion, suggesting the impor- tance of the interaction between these regions in pain processing.
文摘The theme of the article is Polish movie Illumination directed by Krzysztof Zanussi to his own screenplay in 1972 （cinema premiere 1973）. ＂The film contains elements of Zanussi＇s intellectual biography as well as documentary elements, e.g., appearances of philosopher Wiadyslaw Tatarkiewicz＂. It is one of the most important Polish films. The purpose of the text is to examine the philosophical contexts in this film, and the relationship between ＂orders＂, ＂art＂, and ＂science＂. The research method is： semiotics, psychology of perception and comparative research. The text will refer to the philosophical writings： Blaise Pascala＇s Thoughts, St. Augustine＇s Confessions and the monograph work of Krzysztof Zanussi, for example, Mariola Marczak＇s Anxiety and Longing, Movies and the Value, About the Films of KrzysztofZanussi （Publisher： University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 2011） or Tomasza Ktysa, The Intellectual Cinema of KrzysztofZanussi, in ＂Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences et des Lettres de Lodez＂ （vol. XLV）; Serie： ＂Recherches sur les Arts＂ （vol. VI）; Polish Cinema in Ten Takes, edited by E. Nurczyfiska-Fidelska, Z. Batko （Publisher： Lodz Scientific Society in Lodz, 1995）.
文摘At present, there are several problems such as randomness, blindness and experience in the teaching of public security science major, especially in practical teaching, thus colleges and universities cannot adapt to the requirements of talents training. In order to improve the practice teaching quality of public security practice, we should apply modern instructional design theory. Aiming at the problems existing in the practice teaching of public order, we design a practice teaching system for public security. In the process of practice teaching design of public order, we should pay attention to the starting point of the practice teaching, design of teaching objectives, design of practical teaching content, design of practical teaching mode and evaluation of the practice teaching of public security.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan Program of Hunan Province,No.2011SK3234
文摘OBJECTIVE： A meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials investigating the long- term effect of dexamethasone on the nervous system of preterm infants. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using The Cochrane Library （from January 1993 to June 2013）, EMBASE （from January 1980 to June 2013）, MEDLINE （from Janu- ary 1963 to June 2013）, OVID （from January 1993 to June 2013）, Springer （from January 1994 to June 2013） and Chinese Academic Journal Full-text Database （from January 1994 to June 2013）. Key words were preterm infants and dexamethasone in English and Chinese. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of intravenous dexamethasone in preterm infants. The quality of the included papers was evaluated and those without the development of the nervous system and animal experiments were exclud- ed. Quality assessment was performed through bias risk evaluation in accordance with Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 software in the Cochrane Collaboration. The homogeneous studies were analyzed and compared using Revman 5.2.6 software, and then effect model was selected and analyzed. Those papers failed to be included in the meta-analysis were subjected to descriptive analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Nervous system injury in preterm infants. RESULTS： Ten randomized controlled trials were screened, involving 1,038 subjects. Among them 512 cases received dexamethasone treatment while 526 cases served as placebo control group and blank control group. Meta-analysis results showed that the incidence of cerebral palsy, visual im- pairment and hearing loss in preterm infants after dexamethasone treatment within 7 days after birth was similar to that in the control group （RR = 1.47, 95%CI： 0.97-2.21; RR = 1.46, 95%CI： 0.97-2.20; RR = 0.80, 95%CI： 0.54-1.18; P 〉 0.05）, but intelligence quotient was significantly de- creased compared with the control group （MD = -3.55, 95%CI： -6.59 to -0.51; P = 0.02）. Prete rm infants treated with dexamethasone 7 days after birth demonstrated an incidence of cerebral palsy and visual impairment, and changes in intelligence quotient similar to those in the control group （RR = 1.26, 95%CI： 0.89-1.79; RR = 1.37, 95%CI： 0.73-2.59; RR = 0.53, 95%CI： 0.32-0.89; RR = 1.66, 95%CI： -4.7 to 8.01; P 〉 0.05）. However, the incidence of hearing loss was significantly increased compared with that in the control group （RR = 0.53, 95%CI： 0.32-0.89; P = 0.02）. CONCLUSION： Dexamethasone may affect the intelligence of preterm infants in the early stages after birth, but may lead to hearing impairment at later stages after birth. More reliable conclusions should be made through large-size, multi-center, well-designed randomized controlled trials.
文摘The traditional way of describing the history of Chinese law, i.e., fitting Chinese historical materials into the basic framework of the Western conceptual system needs to be thoroughly reconsidered. ＂Precedent＂ or ＂NJfftJ＂ （panli）, which has attracted academic attention both in China and abroad, can serve as an example in this regard. The concept ＇~N] fit],＂ which may have originated from Japanese kanji in the nineteenth century, was used to translate its Western counterpart. A review of the historical and modern practice of the Western European countries of England and France shows that precedent has always played an important role in achieving consensus in the legal community and guiding future rulings by means of case law. This function, which has something in common with the relevant portions of ancient Chinese legal institutions, can serve as a foundation for constructing a universal theoretical system. At the same time, the relevant Chinese institutions had specific institutional contexts and functions. By combining universal and specific functional analysis, ＂two-way functionalism＂ may be able to avoid the Western-centric approach and futile conceptual discrimination and turn towards the exploration and elucidation of functional issues, so as to eventually establish a new framework for the narrative of Chinese legal history.
