Characterization and Assessment of the Quality of the Water and Sediments of the Islands (Moudou and Birguime) of Lake Fitri in Chad and Confirmation of the Strains Isolated by the PCR Method

The problem of access to quality water is a major challenge, as it has a major impact on the socio-economic conditions of people in developing countries. The water from the islands of Lake Fitri is one of the main sources of drinking water for the population. The aim of this study is to characterise and assess the quality of the water and sediment from the islands (Moudou and Birguime) of Lake Fitri, and to confirm the strains isolated using the PCR method. A total of fifty (50) samples of water and fifty (50) sediments from the islands of Lake Fitri were analyzed. Standard methods of microbiological and biochemical analysis of water and sediments were used. Isolated Enterobacteriaceae strains were characterized by API 20 E and API Staph galleries and Salmonella was confirmed by PCR method. Antibiotic resistance was determined using a technique recommended by the antibiogram committee of the French microbiology society (CA-SFM, 2019). The microbiological results for the water showed an abundance of total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF) (4.31 × 106 ± 8.05 × 105 and 5.29 × 106 ± 2.55 × 105) on the Birguime and Moudou islands successively. The microbiological results for the sediment from Birguime and Moudou islands showed an abundance of thermotolerant coliforms (E. coli) (2.05 × 105 ± 5.43 × 104 and 2.27 × 105 ± 3.49 × 104) alternately. The results obtained after incubation of the biochemical tests by the API 20E, API Staph gallery and their numerical profile proposed by the Api software confirmed the contamination. The antibiogram results showed the emergence of certain resistances to the antibiotics Tobramycin, Flucytosine, Amikacin and Teicoplani. The PCR results for Salmonella spp strains were confirmed. As a result, strict monitoring of the water on the various islands of Lake Fitri must be carried out throughout the annual cycle, by specialized personnel, to ensure proper bio-monitoring of these ecosystems.

基于MATLAB GUI的交流电路频率特性仿真教学平台设计

为了使学生更加直观地理解交流电路中的频率特性,构建了一种基于MATLAB GUI的交流电路频率特性仿真教学平台。该仿真平台包括RC滤波电路和RLC谐振电路两个模块,其中RC滤波电路能够实现低通滤波、高通滤波和带通滤波电路频率特性的仿真研究,RLC谐振电路能够实现串联谐振和并联谐振电路频率特性的仿真研究。借助该仿真平台,只需手动输入电路元件参数,就能获得各交流电路的幅频和相频特性曲线,最后将源程序封装成.exe文件。该仿真平台操作简单,便于任课教师和学生使用,能够显著地提高课堂教学质量。

基于MATLAB GUI的车用电池散热器计算平台设计

为了更好地解决电池散热问题,基于MATLAB GUI的人机交互功能,开发了用于车用电池散热的散热器设计计算平台,根据散热器不同的设计任务和需求,编写了相应的GUI对象控件回调函数,设计了包含散热器关键参数设计模块、历史查询模块、数据存储模块、图形生成模块、特性仿真模块的平台。该平台界面简洁,操作过程中设置了大量提示框和报错框,用户能更直观地了解设计中的错误,便于及时改正、修复;清除按钮和多种输入方式的设计都为散热器研究领域人员提供了简便的参数输入及结果输出的友好操作界面。使用该平台能缩短散热器产品的研发周期、降低研发成本,用户能够快速熟练地掌握使用方法,进一步提高工作效率,具有重要的工程意义和实用价值。

直流电机转速PID控制仿真及GUI参数化设计

文章介绍了一种基于MATLAB的PID控制器设计方法,用于控制直流电机的转速.PID控制器是一种常用的控制方法,其可以通过调整比例、积分和微分的参数来实现对被控对象的精准控制.文章在MATLAB中搭建了控制直流电机系统模型,并使用PID控制器对电机转速进行控制.通过仿真结果分析和GUI参数化设计,确定了PID合适的参数.

基于MATLAB/GUI 的真空泵抽速曲线预测计算

从工程实际应用的角度出发,以螺杆真空泵转子的几何特性和螺杆真空泵内部的泄漏模型为基础,建立螺杆真空泵内部工作过程的数学模型,借助MATLAB软件,采用四阶龙格-库塔(Runge-Kutta)法将每次微分方程求解结果作为初始条件反复迭代求解,依据MATLAB/GUI界面设计了一款可以快速计算螺杆真空泵抽速曲线的应用程序。使用该程序对多种螺杆真空泵进行了抽速曲线的预测计算,并根据算例结果对程序进行了完善。

基于MATLABGUI的自动化转运装置可靠度预计计算

根据自动化转运装置的结构组成与机构功能,首先建立了自动化转运装置的可靠性模型;利用应力强度干涉理论法、经验公式法、厂家提供寿命法将自动化转运装置的零部件进行分类,获取各个零部件寿命值;根据自动化转运装置设计使用工况,计算出各个传动系及零部件工作量;假设自动化转运装置零部件的可靠性服从指数分布,进行可靠度预计。利用MATLAB GUI编制自动化转运装置各个零部件、各个传动系工作量及可靠度预计计算界面,方便自动化转运装置可靠度预计的迭代,减少反复迭代过程中人为操作带来的输入错误。最终得到自动化转运装置各个零部件、各个传动系及整体的可靠度预计计算结果,为找出自动化转运装置的薄弱环节及后续运行过程中需关注的问题提供了数据支撑。

Evaluation of the Bacteriological Pollution of the Waters of the Lake of Sonfonia Commune of Ratoma (Republic of Guinea) 2021

The quality of surface waters is often altered by the presence of bacteria of faecal origin, as a result of untimely discharge of solid and liquid waste from households. The Sonfonia Lake located in the commune of Ratoma is under the influence of various forms of pollution resulting for the most part from anthropic activities. Field visits, interviews with resource persons and bacteriological analysis were carried out to assess the level of this pollution. Two water sampling campaigns were carried out during the low-water period and two others during the flood period of 2021. The comparison of the levels of faecal contamination bacteria in the present study with a previous one carried out in 2018 on the waters of the same lake, indicates an increase in the level of faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci that exceed the indicator values recommended by the WHO. These results show that Lake Sonfonia is polluted. This could be related to the increase in anthropogenic and demographic activities during the last four years. On the other hand, the analysis of the results showed the absence of pathogenic germs such as salmonella. The Mann-Whitney U statistical test was used to compare the value of the means of each of the variables observed during the two seasons.

Lake regime shift from submerged macrophyte to phytoplankton affected phosphorus speciation in sediment and eutrophic state in Caohai Lake,Guizhou,China

To understand the effect of regime shift in Caohai Lake in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,SW China from submerged macrophyte dominance to phytoplankton dominance on the specification and distribution of phosphorus and on ecological and environmental states,changes in phosphorus specification in the sediments and water were studied.The form,composition,and distribution of phosphorus in sediment were sampled in July 2020(before regime shift)and July 2021(after regime shift)were analyzed.Results reveal that phosphorus content in sediment was lower than that those of Erhai Lake and Dianchi Lake,Yunnan,SW China,on the same plateau,and was lower than those of Taihu Lake,Chaohu Lake,and Poyang Lake in the middle-lower Changjiang(Yangtze)River Plain.Organic phosphorus(Or-P)was the main form(up to 60%),followed by inactive phosphorus(Ina-P),and the active phosphorus(Act-P),the least,which is opposite to those of Taihu Lake and Poyang Lake in the middle-lower Changjiang River Plain in the eastern China.Or-P content was high,indicating a high potential risk of phosphorous release.After the regime shift,the total phosphorus in sediment decreased from 0.87±0.13 to 0.70±0.13 g/kg.The proportion of Or-P and Act-P decreased from 68.23% to 65.32% and from 5.35% to 4.69%,respectively.In contrast,the proportion of Ina-P increased from 26.42% to 29.99%.The Moran’s I index revealed that the heterogeneity of the spatial distributions of the total phosphorus(S-TP)and Act-P in the sediments before regime shift was significant(P<0.1).However,the heterogeneity of the spatial distributions of S-TP and the various forms of phosphorus after regime shift was not significant(P>0.05).The regime shift aggravated the eutrophication of the lake,the trophic level index(TLI)increased from 48.42 to 54.49(P<0.01),and the previously mesotrophic lake became a mildly eutrophic lake.The results of this study revealed the impact of regime shift in the lake from submerged macrophyte dominance to phytoplankton dominance on the composition and spatial distribution of phosphorus in sediments and provided a basis for the restoration of eutrophicated and aquatic ecosystem degraded lakes.

基于多模态表征的移动应用GUI模糊测试框架

GUI模糊测试在提升移动应用可靠性和兼容性方面发挥着关键作用.然而,现有的GUI模糊测试方法大多效率较低,主要原因是这些工作过于粗粒度,仅基于单一模态的特征来整体理解GUI页面,应用状态的过度抽象使得许多细节信息被忽略,导致对GUI状态及小部件的理解不足.为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于多模态表征的移动应用GUI模糊测试框架GUIFuzzer.该框架通过考虑多模态特征,如视觉特征、布局上下特征和细粒度的元属性特征,来联合推断GUI小部件的语义;然后,训练一个多层次奖励驱动的深度强化学习模型来优化GUI事件选择策略,提高模糊测试的效率.在大量的真实应用上对所提框架进行了评估.实验结果表明:与现有的竞争性基线相比,GUIFuzzer显著地提升了模糊测试的覆盖率.还对特定目标的定制化搜索即敏感API触发进行了案例研究,进一步验证了GUIFuzzer框架的实用性.

基于MATLAB GUI的食品取向度检测系统的建立和验证

具有取向结构的食品在自然界中普遍存在,而食品取向度对食品本身的质构特性和消费者的喜爱度有重大影响。为了定量表征食品取向度,本研究基于MATLAB GUI构建了一种食品取向度检测系统。借助已建立的激光传输成像装置,使用相机捕获样品上的激光散斑,运用MATLAB GUI进行食品取向度检测系统的编程设计,将激光散斑图像经过一系列的计算机视觉操作处理成椭圆拟合图,并计算样品取向度。然后以不同取向程度的面团为例对该系统进行了验证。实验结果表明,检测系统对激光散斑图像识别准确率为96.33%,实际运用效果良好。测得的不同面团取向度排序和显微结构图结果一致。此外,面团的取向度和面筋蛋白横纵长度比之间存在高强度的正相关关系(R=0.99,P<0.05)。建立的食品取向度检测系统具有良好的准确性,能够有效应用于食品取向度的检测。

基于MATLAB GUI的自动控制原理仿真实验平台设计

为满足自动控制原理课程线上线下混合式教学的需要,通过MATLAB GUI编程设计了自动控制原理实验仿真平台.该仿真平台包括了6个基础实验和4个综合实验,从时域、频域、根轨迹及状态空间对系统进行分析,并对系统进行了PID整定、根轨迹及频域法校正,可获得系统的时域、频域及根轨迹性能参数及图形.控制系统参数的自动获取及直观的图形显示,使学生更好理解控制系统的原理,有助于提高学生的控制系统设计及应用能力.

Flooding(or breaching)of inter-connected proglacial lakes by cascading overflow in the arid region of Western Mongolia(Mt.Tsambagarav,Mongolian Altai)

This study investigates the glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF)hazards in the Tsambagarav mountain range in Western Mongolia,focusing on the Khukhnuruu Valley and its interconnected proglacial lakes.Over the last 30 years,significant glacier retreats,driven by rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns,have led to the formation and expansion of several proglacial lakes.Fieldwork combined with satellite data and meteorological analysis was used to assess the dynamics of glacier and lake area changes,with particular focus on the flood events of July 2021.The research reveals a substantial reduction in glacier area,particularly in the Khukhnuruu E complex,where glacier area decreased by 19.3%.The study highlights the influence of increasing temperatures and summer precipitation,which have accelerated ice melt,contributing to the expansion and eventual breaching of lakes.Additionally,lake area changes were influenced by the steepness of the terrain,with steeper slopes exacerbating peak discharge during floods.Of the studied seven lakes(Lake 1 to Lake 7),Lake 1 experienced the most dramatic reduction,with a decrease in area by 73.51%and volume by 84.84%,followed by Lake 7.This study underscores the region's vulnerability to climate-induced hazards and stresses the need for a comprehensive early warning system and disaster preparedness measures to mitigate future risks.

基于GUI的通信原理辅助教学平台设计

利用MATLAB语言进行基于图形用户界面的通信原理辅助教学平台设计,将通信原理辅助教学划分为课堂教学与实验操作两个模块,实现信息量计算、信道容量计算、码型变换、二进制调制解调等功能。该平台界面友好、操作简单、可扩展性好,改善了传统教学先理论后实验的授课方式,引导学生理论联系实践,激发学生创新意识与学习兴趣,提高了教学效果。

Eco-toxicity and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Burullus Lake in Egypt

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are ubiquitous environmental contaminants of growing concern due to their potential ecological and human health risks.This study presents a comprehensive assessment of PAHs contamination in the surface sediments of Burullus Lake,a vital and second largest delta lake in Egypt.The aim was to evaluate the eco-toxicity and potential health risks associated with the presence of these compounds.Surface seven sediment samples were collected from various drains in the southern part of Burullus Lake.Soxhlet extraction method was employed to extract PAHs(16PAHs)from the sediment sample.Analytically,target compounds were located using HPLC.The results showed that samples contained PAHs levels ranging from 0.038×10^(-6)to 0.459×10^(-6),which is considered heavily polluted by the European standard for PAHs pollution.Additionally,there was no apparent source of PAHs in the ElKhashah drain or the Brinbal Canal,as HPLC found none of the compounds.The most prevalent compound in sediment samples along the study area was fluoranthene.The diagnostic indices in the present study indicated that the hydrocarbons in the region originated from pyrolytic and man-made sources along the drains of Burullus Lake.The principal component analysis(PCA)and diagnostic ratios revealed that coal combustion and pyrolytic sources were responsible for the PAHs contamination in the surface sediments.The non-carcinogenic risk(HI),which is the product of the HQs for the adult and child populations,respectively,was calculated.HI values under 1,therefore,demonstrated that they had no carcinogenic effects on human health.TEQs and MEQs in the sediments of Burullus Lake do not have a cancer-causing impact on people.For the safety of nearby wildlife,aquatic life,and people,all activities that raise petroleum hydrocarbon levels in Burullus Lake must be adequately regulated and controlled.According to the ecological risk assessment,there is little chance that PAHs will be found in the sediments of Burullus Lake.This study underscores the urgent need for effective pollution control measures and regular monitoring of PAHs levels in Burullus Lake sediments to protect the aquatic ecosystem and public health.It also highlights the importance of considering eco-toxicity and human health risks in integrated risk assessments of PAHs-contaminated environments.

基于遗传算法和Matlab_GUI的汽轮机阀门液压缸结构优化设计

传统的液压缸设计方式主要依赖以往的经验值,难以实现有效优化。鉴于此,通过对液压缸进行力学分析,建立了应力强度模型以及参数限制条件,选择遗传算法作为结构优化的手段,最后开发出了一款基于Matlab平台的GUI运行界面,经过实际仿真,可以方便快捷地得到优化后的液压缸尺寸参数,从而最大限度地节省材料,为企业降本增效提供了技术保障。

Glacier area change (1993-2019) and its relationship to debris cover, proglacial lakes, and morphological parameters in the Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Western Himalaya, India

Glacier inventories serve as critical baseline data for understanding the impacts of climate change on glaciers.The present study maps the outlines of glaciers in the Chandra-Bhaga Basin(western Himalaya)for the years 1993,2000,2010,and 2019 using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM),Enhanced Thematic Mapper(ETM),and Operational Land Imager(OLI)datasets.A total of 251 glaciers,each having an area above 0.5 km^(2),were identified,which include 216 clean-ice and 35 debris-covered glaciers.Area changes are estimated for three periods:1993-2000,2000-2010,and 2010-2019.The total glacierized area was 996±62 km^(2) in 1993,which decreased to 973±70 km^(2) in 2019.The mean rate of glacier area loss was higher in the recent decade(2010-2019),at 0.036 km^(2),compared to previous decades(0.029 km^(2) in 2000-2010 and 0.025 km^(2) in 1993-2000).Supraglacial debris cover changes are also mapped over the period of 1993 and 2019.It is found that the supraglacial debris cover increased by 14.12±2.54 km^(2)(15.2%)during 1993-2019.Extensive field surveys on Chhota Shigri,Panchi II,Patsio,Hamtah,Mulkila,and Yoche Lungpa glaciers were carried out to validate the glacier outlines and supraglacial debris cover estimated using satellite datasets.Controls of various morphological parameters on retreat were also analyzed.It is observed that small,clean ice,south oriented glaciers,and glaciers with proglacial lakes are losing area at faster rates than other glaciers in the basin.

The source of lithium in Lakkor Co Salt Lake on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China:evidence from hydrochemical characteristics and boron isotope

The availability of lithium resources is of great significance for the development of modern technologies,as well as for civil and military industries.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a region known for its abundance of lithium-rich salt lakes.However,the specific origin of lithium in these lakes is still unknown,which hinders the advancement of the lithium resource business in this region.To research this issue,this study involved the collection of 20 samples from Lakkor Co Salt Lake on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,encompassing samples of surface brine,cold springs,fresh lakes,and recharge rivers.The composition of anions and cations in these samples was determined.Furthermore,the analysis extensivelyutilizedthePiperthree-linediagram,Gibbs model,and ion proportion coefficient.The findings of this study indicate that as the moves from the recharge water system to salt lake,there is a transition in water type from strong carbonate to moderate carbonate and weak carbonate,as well as Na sulfate.This research based on a similar source of both lithium and boron,utilized ion correlation analysis and boron isotope study in the Lakkor Co area,and analyzed the source and transporting process of lithium.The main origin of lithium in Lakkor Co is the dissolution of lithiumrich rocks,recharge water systems,and deep hydrothermal fluids.These findings are highly significant in enhancing the foundational data of lithium-rich brine resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and are beneficial for assessing the future development of such deposits.

Morphology of crater and caldera lakes in the Far Eastern region of Russia and the features of their development

Volcanic lakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region are difficult to access,and for this reason,they remain poorly studied,with only scattered and brief data available.The authors have conducted a study of 10 lake basins using modern digital echolocation survey techniques and have also compiled and summarized published data for 15 lakes in the region,calculating their main morphometric characteristics.It has been established that many caldera lake basins are modified by young explosive funnels,extrusive or effusive domes,and exhibit traces of hydrothermal activity.While lakes of the same genetic type in the Kuril-Kamchatka region are similar in depth and depression forms,the group of caldera lakes shows less homogeneity across all morphometric indicators.It was found that the absolute heights of the reservoirs on Kamchatka Peninsula are generally greater than those on the Kuril Islands,as is often the case with the size of their basins.The volcanic lakes under study can rapidly change their volume and shape under the influence of endogenous processes.For the first time for this region,on the base of repeated observations,underwater extrusive dome rate growth and the approximate rates of 2 lake level changes were calculated.Repeated observations of lakes in the Ksudach calderas(Kamchatka)and on Simushir Island indicate approximate rates of level changes:a decrease ranging within 0.5-0.6 m per year(over a 27-year observation interval)and an increase reaching up to 0.26 m per year(over a 48-year interval).The growth rate of the underwater extrusive dome in Lake Shtyubel has averaged 1-1.6 m per year over the past 25 years.This analysis has facilitated the first generalization regarding the morphology and developmental features of crater and caldera lakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region of Russia,representing an important step in their study.The results obtained will provide a solid foundation for subsequent research in this region and may be of interest to researchers studying other volcanic lakes.

Significant lake expansion has accelerated permafrost degradation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

In recent years, lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have become more responsive to climate change. In September 2011, Zonag Lake in Hoh Xil experienced sudden drainage, the water eventually flowed into Yanhu Lake, which caused Yanhu Lake to continue to expand. The potential collapse of Yanhu Lake could directly threaten the operational safety of the adjacent Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Qinghai-Tibet Railway. To explore the implications of expanding lakes on the surrounding permafrost, we selected Hoh Xil Yanhu Lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to study the effect of lake expansion on permafrost degradation. The permafrost degradation in the Yanhu Lake basin from October 2017 to December 2022 was inverted using Sentinel-1 satellite image data and small baseline subset interferometry synthetic aperture radar(SBAS-In SAR) technology. Additionally, permafrost degradation from February 2007 and February 2010 was analyzed using advanced land observing satellite phased array-type L-band synthetic aperture radar(ALOS PALSAR) satellite images and differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar(D-In SAR) technique. The results showed that the permafrost around Yanhu Lake experienced accelerated degradation. Prior to the expansion of Yanhu Lake, the average annual deformation rate along the line of sight(LOS) direction was 6.7 mm/yr. After the expansion, the rate increased to 20.9 mm/yr. The integration of spatial-temporal distribution maps of surface subsidence, Wudaoliang borehole geothermal data, meteorological data, Yanhu Lake surface area changes, and water level changes supports the assertion that the intensified permafrost degradation could be attributed to lake expansion rather than the rising air temperature. Furthermore, permafrost degradation around Yanhu Lake could impact vital infrastructure such as the adjacent Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

基于Simulink的汽轮机蒸汽阀门液压控制系统GUI界面整定程序研究

目前在多数汽轮机液压系统控制中,技术工人往往依靠已有经验对PID控制器的参数进行整定,并根据现场实际调试进行验证。该方法准确率低,难以实现有效的参数整定。现通过对汽轮机阀门控制系统进行动力学分析,建立了液压控制系统的动态数学模型,并开发出一款基于Simulink仿真平台用于PID参数整定的GUI运行界面,经过实际仿真,其可以方便快捷地对PID整定参数进行稳定、快速及准确的验证,有效提高了参数整定的效率,也为企业的降本增效提供了技术保障。