Spatial Agglomeration and Diffusion of Population Based on a Regional Density Function Approach:A Case Study of Shandong Province in China

Population density functions have long been used to describe the spatial structure of regional population distributions.Several studies have been conducted to examine the population distribution in Shandong Province,China,but few have applied regional density functions to the analysis.Therefore,based on the 2000,2010,and 2020 population censuses,this study used monocentric and polycentric regional density functions to study the characteristics of population agglomeration and diffusion in Shandong.This is followed by an in-depth discussion based on population growth rate data and hot-and cold-spot analyses.The results showed that the Shandong Province population was spatially unevenly distributed.Population growth rates were higher in urban centers and counties,with more significant changes in population size in the eastern coastal areas than in the inland areas.As verified in this study,the logarithmic form of the single-center regional density function R2 was greater than 0.8,which was in line with the population spatial structure of Shandong Province.During the study period,the estimated population density of the regional center and the absolute value of the regional population density gradient both increased,indicating a clear and increasing trend of centripetal agglomeration of regional centers over the study period.Overall,the R2 value of the multicenter region density function was higher than that of the single-center region density function.The polycentric regional density function showed that the population density gradient of some centers had a downward trend,which reflected the spatial development trend of outward diffusion in these centers.Meanwhile,the variation in the estimated population density and the population density gradient exhibited differences in the central population distribution patterns at different levels.

Study on Development of the West of Shandong Province Based on Overall Regional Development Planning Pattern

The overall regional development planning pattern has been considered to be a new and effective pattern as for development of provincial economy.The article analyzed the current conditions of the west of Shandong Province and tried to find the generation mechanisms of current non-balanced economic development of Shandong Province.And then approaches to regional development were put forward according to the theory of regional development pattern as a whole.

Late Carboniferous-Early Permian Volcanic Event Deposits and Stratigraphic Correlation in Shandong Province and Its Adjacent Regions

Deposits of 10 volcanic events of 6 stages have been discovered by the authors after detailed field and lab studies of the Benxi and Taiyuan Formations in Shandong Province and its adjacent regions. They show certain temporal-spatial distribution characteristics. Volcanic fragments were probably derived from two different volcanic sources north and south of the North China Platform, while the magma of the two volcanic sources was probably derived from the lower crust. A new stratigraphic correlation scheme is put forward for the Benxi and Taiyuan Formations in this region on the basis of previous biostratigraphic work with the regionally widespread volcanic event layers as the marker bed for the isochronous stratigraphic correlation on a super-regional scale and in conjunction with the maximum transgressive event layers.

Suitability evaluation of regional coastal ecotourism based on SOM neural network model: a case study of Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai and Rizhao of Shandong Province

Development of coastal ecotourism has been a,focus of Shandong government, and the suitability evaluation of regional eoastai ecotourism is crucial for the reasonable plan and sustainable development of Shandong coastal ecotourism. By using MATLAB language to establish a SOM neural network model, this＇ paper evaluates the eoastal ecotourism suitability of four regions, Qingdao. Yantai, Weihai and Rizhao of Shandong Province and divides 33 subordinate regions of those four cities into four categories, i.e. regions poorly suitable for ecotourism resources, regions highly suitable for coastal ecotourism, regions secondly suitable for coastal ecotourism, regions ordinarily suitable.for coastal ecotourism, Related suggestions on development of regional coastal ecotourism have been given in the final conclusions.

ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES AND WATERENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE CONTIGUOUSREGION OF JIANGSU,SHANGDONG,HENANAND ANHUI PROVINCES

Owing to intensive human activities and the floods of the Huaihe River in historic peiod, the contiguous region of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces is suffering from a variety of environmental problems and naturaldisasters, of which water pollution and drought-flood disasters are most observable. Considering the special location andenvironmental status of the contiguous region, advices are proposed in the paper: perfecting trans-regional managementssystem of water environment incorporating basin management agencies in local government activities; strengthening cooperation of two agencies: water conservancy agency and environment protection agency; enhancing integrated control ofwater pollution and flood-drought disasters; taking the interests of the whole river into acount and paying attention to bothstorage and drainage; broadening sources of water supply and inceasing water delivery; controlling pollutant discharge,developing water saving production system.

Influencing Factors on Farming System Development in Shandong Province

The developmental situation of the farming system in Shandong Province is introduced.At present,Shandong Province is at the semi-intensive,semi-commercial and semi-sufficiency level of farming system.Eastern coast and central Shandong agricultural zones are moving in the direction of modern farming system,having formed a preliminary new pattern of the coordinated development of grain,feedstuff,economic and other crops.Influencing factors on the development of farming system in Shandong Province is analyzed,which are agricultural production condition and input level,population and food,policy measures,development of natural resources and regions,agricultural industrialization and urbanization level,and scientific and technological level.Total population will be within 100 million at the year 2020;per capita annual share of grain will be 475 kilograms;and there is great pressure on grain production.Therefore,we must change the pattern of agricultural development and accelerate the establishment of modern farming system.Agricultural machinery,water conservancy projects,and chemical fertilizer application have greatly affected the development of farming system.Improvement of production conditions has promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure,increased the planting ratio of winter wheat-summer maize,and improved multiple-cropping index.Development of agricultural industrialization has promoted the transfer of rural labor force and the establishment of modern farming system;while the unbalanced development of cities has restricted the establishment of modern farming system.Therefore,the appropriate policy,scientific and rational regional distribution,and advanced science and technology can help to set up the modern farming system in Shandong Province.

Study of Organochlorine Pesticides in Eco-geochemical Survey of Soil in Shandong Province

Based on a comprehensive eco-geochemical survey of Shandong Province, the differences in pesticide residue situation and contents of DDTs and HCHs in the soils of Yantai City and Southwest Shandong Province(abbreviated as SSP) were studied in this paper. The results showed that the detection rates of DDTs and HCHs in the soil of SSP were apparently higher than Yantai City. However, the mean contents of DDTs and HCHs in the soil of Yantai were 9 and 25 times of SSP, respectively, and higher than the mean contents of many other cities and areas. p,p′-DDE was the main pesticide residual form in the soil of SSP. It is recognized as the degradation product of DDTs in oxidation environment in past, nevertheless, 5.52% of the soils in Yantai City still have a little of DDT input recently, which has posed a big impact on soil environment quality. β-HCH was the main form of the four isomers of HCHs in Yantai City, and α-HCH/γ-HCH in SSP was low. These reveal that the residual time of HCHs in the soils of both the two areas has a long period. After primary analysis, the risk of DDTs and HCHs in the soil of SSP is low, but DDTs in the soil of Yantai City still has a certain risk.

Reconstructing Spatial Distribution of Historical Cropland in China′s Traditional Cultivated Region: Methods and Case Study

As an important part of land use/cover change(LUCC), historical LUCC in long time series attracts much more attention from scholars. Currently, based on the view of combining the overall control of cropland area and ′top-down′ decision-making behaviors, here are two global historical land-use datasets, generally referred as the Sustainability and the Global Environment datasets(SAGE datasets) and History Database of the Global Environment datasets(HYDE datasets). However, at the regional level, these global datasets have coarse resolutions and inevitable errors. Considering various factors that influenced cropland distribution, including cropland connectivity and the limitation of natural and human factors, this study developed a reconstruction model of historical cropland based on constrained Cellular Automaton(CA) of ′bottom-up′. Then, an available labor force index is used as a proxy for the amount of cropland to inspect and calibrate these spatial patterns. Applied the reconstruction model to Shandong Province, we reconstructed its spatial distribution of cropland during 8 periods. The reconstructed results show that: 1) it is properly suitable for constrained CA to simulate and reconstruct the spatial distribution of cropland in traditional cultivated region of China; 2) compared with ′SAGE datasets′ and ′HYDE datasets′, this study have formed higher-resolution Boolean spatial distribution datasets of historical cropland with a more definitive concept of spatial pattern in terms of fractional format.

Characteristics of mantle branch structure in western Shandong and its roles in minerogenesis and ore-controlling

This work deals with the characteristics of mantle branch structure in western Shandong Province, China, with respect to the distribution characteristics and ages of the regional strata, the development of ring-like and radial faults, the development of gently inclined detachment-slip structures in the axial part, mantle-source magmatic activities, regional petrology, petrochemistry and isotope geology. The study indicated that the N-W sharply plunged ductile shear zone in the region of western Shandong cuts through the mantle rocks detached from the deep-seated North China mantle sub-plume, hence leading to unloading in response to depressurization and thereafter the formation of anatexis magma. The intense and complete magmatic evolution series not only manifests a variation trend of alkalinity of magma from high to low and its intrusive depth from deep to shallow, but also reflects that the wall-rock alteration shows a general evolution trend from strong to weak. The evolution of mantle structure played an important role in controlling endo-mineralogenesis, accompanied with the rise of the country rocks. As a result, typical mantle branch structures were formed as observed in western Shandong. At the top of the mantle branch structure was developed an obvious detachment-tilt fault block, and some endogenic ores, at the same time, were uplifted onto the shallow levels.

全球气候变化下西南喀斯特地区气候与水文系统的综合响应研究——以贵州为例

以贵州为例,分析了1978—2021年贵州的年平均温度、降水、湿度、日照时数、地表水资源、地下水资源、河流输沙量等要素与气候变化的响应,并构建气候变化综合评价指数进行综合响应评价。结果表明:全球气候变暖与贵州气温变化相关性显著,而与年平均相对湿度、地表水资源量、地下水资源量和河流输沙量变化相关性比较微弱;随着全球气候变暖,贵州气温呈波动式的增加趋势,降水量也呈增加趋势,而贵州全省年日照时数、相对湿度、地表水资源量、地下水资源量和河流输沙量呈减少态势;综合响应总体呈增加趋势;贵州气候与水文系统中各要素总体变化幅度相对较小;在研究时段,气温、降水量、相对湿度、河流输沙量均为负偏态分布,表明平均量偏多的年份比偏少的年份出现的概率大;而地表水资源量、地下水资源量、日照时数为正偏态分布,表明平均量偏多的年份比偏少的年份出现的概率小。

鲁西南地区高职院校学生吸烟情况调查分析

目的:对鲁西南地区高职院校学生的吸烟行为进行问卷调查,并提出降低高职院校学生吸烟率的建议,为高职院校控烟管理工作提供依据。方法:2023年3—5月采取整群抽样的方法选取鲁西南地区包括济宁、枣庄、菏泽3所大型高职院校1~4年级的学生发放问卷星二维码,对其进行问卷调查,通过问卷星智能平台和SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,归纳出学生吸烟的特点、原因等相关信息,并对其影响因素进行分析,进而得出高职院校学生吸烟的行为特点和心理动因。结果:鲁西南高职院校学生吸烟率为6.93%,男生吸烟人数多于女生,高年级学生及体育专业学生吸烟率高;初高中开始吸烟的学生占比大;83.57%的吸烟学生对尼古丁依赖性低;72.00%的吸烟学生表示愿意停止吸烟。结论:鲁西南地区高职院校学生吸烟率低于全国水平,学生对戒烟的需求较高,家庭、学校、社会应该重视学生的心理教育,加大推广吸烟相关知识的风险认知,及早干预。

太行林蛙地理分布厘定

太行林蛙Rana taihangensis目前已知分布在河南、河北、北京和辽宁等地。根据采自宁夏固原和山东青岛的标本,报道宁夏回族自治区和山东省太行林蛙新分布记录。根据采集自内蒙古通辽和辽宁阜新的太行林蛙标本对其进行形态学补充描述。基于不同地区蛙属Rana标本线粒体cyt b基因的分子系统发育分析结果显示,山西省和陕西省为此前尚未记录的太行林蛙分布区。由此可将太行林蛙在中国的分布范围增加4个省(自治区),目前太行林蛙的分布范围则包括河南省、河北省、北京市、天津市、辽宁省、山东省、山西省、陕西省、宁夏回族自治区和内蒙古自治区。

鲁西南黄泛区耕地格局变化特征及其影响因素

[目的]探讨鲁西南黄泛区耕地的空间格局、变化特点及其影响因素,为区域耕地保护提供科学依据。[方法]基于2m高分遥感影像,结合野外调查和《菏泽市统计年鉴》,采用遥感解译、重心模型、冷热点分析、地理探测器等方法,分析2019—2022年鲁西南黄泛区耕地空间分布、重心迁移、年际变化特征及影响因素。[结果](1)2019—2022年鲁西南黄泛区耕地面积占区域60%以上,每年均存在耕地流失现象,流失面积呈现逐年递减趋势,郓城县耕地面积减少最多,达18.28 km^(2),鄄城耕地动态度变化最大,达-2.26%;耕地重心整体向东北方向迁移。(2)耕地流出面积高于流入面积,主要流出方向和流入方向均为建设用地和林地,耕地变动最集中的区域主要分布在曹县南部。(3)对耕地变化影响最强的单因子是农村从业人员(X_(5)),最强的双因子交互组合是农村劳动力资源数(X_(4))和城镇居民人均收入(X_(6))。[结论]鲁西南黄泛区2019—2022年耕地流失是经济社会因子为主的多因子综合作用的结果。

鲁西南地区鲁锦纹样风格研究

本文运用文献与历史的研究方法,从纹样构成形式、图案风格、色彩风格3个角度对鲁西南地区的鲁锦纹样风格进行分析。得到鲁锦纹样风格多采用连续式的构图形式,图案与色彩的风格与鲁西南地区民风民俗和当地人们思想文化密不可分的结论。研究表明:一方面,鲁锦纹样的构成形式主要以二方连续和四方连续为主,有着规律可循的构图形式,由此形成特有的节奏与韵律。另一方面,鲁锦图案与色彩的风格是鲁西南地区长期的地域文化活动和人民思想情感表达共同作用的结果,有着浓重的地域性质,由此成为鲁西南地区的视觉符号。

基于REOF分析的山东省年降水区域特征及趋势分析

[目的]探究山东省不同气候分区年降水量的时空特征,为该地区气候分析、防灾减灾提供更加区域性的参考依据。[方法]根据山东省95个国家地面气象观测站1991—2020年降水年值数据,首先对山东省年降水场进行气候分区,然后通过相关统计方法分析各分区降水的时空变化特征。[结果](1)山东省各降水模态降水偏少的年份更多,降水偏多的年份降水强度更大,年代际变化均较为明显,但各模态降水偏多偏少的年份分布及强度变化有所不同。(2)山东省年降水量大致由东南向西北递减,年降水场划分为东南沿海区(Ⅰ区)、西北平原区(Ⅱ区)和中部山地区(Ⅲ区)3个区域,各降水分区年降水均呈不显著增加趋势,趋势率各不相同,突变均不明显。(3)山东省各降水分区年降水量均具有较为明显的周期性特征,东南沿海区年降水场存在2个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度均为2~3 a,未来变化具有强持续性;西北平原区年降水场存在3个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度分别为5~7 a, 3 a和2~3 a,未来变化具有持续性;中部山地区年降水场存在2个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度分别为2~3 a, 6 a,未来变化具有强持续性。[结论]山东省降水偏少的年份更多,降水偏多的年份降水强度更大,年降水场大致可分为3个分区,各分区年降水量均呈不显著增加趋势,均具有较为明显的周期性特征,且未来变化均具有持续性。

山东省交通运输-区域经济-生态环境耦合协调时空演变研究

为了研究山东省交通运输、区域经济和生态环境3个子系统发展水平及其耦合协调发展状态时空分异特征,基于2011—2020年山东省交通运输、区域经济和生态环境的面板数据,运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型和核密度估计方法,研究山东省交通运输-区域经济-生态环境的耦合协调度的时空分异特征及其演化规律。结果表明:山东省交通运输、区域经济、生态环境系统的耦合协调度处于稳步上升趋势,生态环境的综合评价水平始终领先于交通运输综合发展水平和区域经济综合发展水平;全省各地市的交通运输、区域经济以及生态环境发展不均衡,在空间上形成双核心和“中心-外围”空间分布特征,青岛、济南在交通运输-区域经济-生态环境系统的耦合协调度上一直保持高位,其他城市耦合协调度发展水平呈现逐渐上升的趋势;全省耦合协调度高低分布格局较为稳定,虽然各地市发展存在分级,但地区发展差异有减小的趋势。

山东省数字乡村发展水平时空演变特征、区域差异与障碍因素研究

选取山东省五大区域16个地级市作为研究区域,从数字乡村基础设施、数字乡村发展环境、乡村数字化应用和农业数字化生产4个维度构建评价指标体系。运用熵权-TOPSIS法、Kernel密度估计法、Dagum基尼系数和障碍度模型,分别对山东省数字乡村发展水平、时空演变特征、区域差异以及影响因素进行分析。结果表明,2015—2021年山东省数字乡村发展水平呈逐步提升的态势,但鲁东、鲁西南地区出现极化现象。山东省及鲁东、鲁中、鲁西南地区的基尼系数呈上升趋势,总体差距主要源于区域间差异,超变密度贡献率逐渐减少。考察期内,农村电商基地数量、电子商务采购额和销售额、邮电业务总量以及地方财政科技支出成为阻碍山东省数字乡村发展的主要因素。因此,应着力改善区域间发展失衡问题,从优化数字乡村发展环境、推动乡村数字化应用发展以及加强区域间合作等方面促进山东省数字乡村高水平均衡发展。

晋冀鲁豫边区刑事司法审查制度的理性与经验

晋冀鲁豫边区是我党按照“三三制原则”建立的第一个边区政府,在刑事司法方面进行了积极探索,这不仅是中国式司法现代化的开端,也为我国刑事司法的发展积累了丰富的经验。通过梳理晋冀鲁豫边区刑事诉讼中的司法审查的制度规范并分析个案,发现该制度蕴含着保障当事人权利、实现公权力制约的价值追求。在当前中国式司法现代化背景下,晋冀鲁豫边区司法审查制度对于明确强制侦查行为的司法权归属、优化检察机关职权配置、完善司法审查的本土化机制构建具有重要的借鉴价值。

山东省粮食生产能力区域差异及障碍因子分析

分析山东省粮食生产能力的区域差异和障碍因子,有利于更好地保证粮食安全,有助于提高粮食生产能力。从生产条件水平、产出水平、农业机械化水平和农用资料投入水平4个方面选取了12个指标构建山东省粮食生产能力指标体系。基于2011—2021年山东省统计数据,运用熵值法、基尼系数、障碍度模型分析山东省粮食生产能力的发展状况及各市发展水平的差异,探讨影响山东省粮食生产能力发展的障碍因子。结果表明,2011—2021年山东省粮食生产能力水平综合得分从0.0751上升到0.1138。鲁南地区相比鲁东、鲁中和鲁北地区的区域差异较小;农业机械化水平的障碍度逐年减少,农用生产资料投入水平的障碍度逐年增加,不同区域制约粮食生产能力的主要障碍因子有所不同。为此,提高种子质量、科学制定粮食生产方案、加强农业基础设施建设、保证农业有效灌溉面积、加快农业科技创新及鼓励依靠科学技术提高作物产量等可有效提高粮食生产能力。