On the Creation Background and the Influence of Wei Zhuang’s Famous Poem:Lament of a Northwestern Woman

Lament of a Northwestern Woman(Qin Fu Yin),composed by Wei Zhuang after the Huangchao uprising,is a long poem that showcases the sufferings of the civilians and embodies the people’s character of the poem,which is the profound empathy and compassion of the poet towards the civilians’plight.The poem was written during the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty in the year Gengmao(883 AD).2023 is also the year Gengmao,so this poem has existed for a remarkable 1140 years.For over a millennium,this long poem remained submerged in history until the opening of the Dunhuang Grottoes at the turn of the 20th century.The deep compassion and commiseration towards the underprivileged masses conveyed in this long poem are reminiscent of Du Fu’s renowned“Three Poems of Separation.”Moreover,it is widely believed that this poem foretells the decline of the Tang Dynasty.

Impact of Hermit Culture of the Wei and Jin Dynasties on Location Aesthetics of Villa

This paper introduced the origination of seclusion culture, analyzed historical background, causes, and aesthetic performances of hermit culture, took living style and life attitude of Tao Yuanming for example to summarize the location characteristics of villas under the impact of hermit culture in the Wei and Jin Dynasty. On this basis, site selection of Tianquan Julong International Eco-villa in Longquanyi District, Chengdu City was analyzed, and profound influence of hermit culture on the location aesthetics of modern villa explored.

An Analysis of the Shi Clan Connections in the Wei-Jin and North-South Dynasties Based on the Character Network of Shishuoxinyu

Shishuoxinyu is a collection of anecdotal stories about the words and deeds of Wei and Jin characters. In this paper, we build a complex network with characters in Shishuoxinyu to analyze the scholarly connections in the Wei-Jin and North-South dynasties. The ER random graph, WS small-world network, BA scale-free network, and experimental network are constructed for comparison. The network properties of the experimental network were analyzed using the average degree, average clustering coefficient, and average path length. Degree centrality, mesoscopic centrality, and proximity centrality were selected to understand the importance of the experimental network nodes, and it was found that the king guide had the highest importance in the whole experimental network. Then, through the observation of network degree distribution, this experimental network is considered as a scale-free network with robustness and vulnerability, which is in line with the political characteristics of the Wei-Jin and Northern Dynasties. Finally, ten larger-scale Shi clans are selected to construct a new network for inter-clan linkage analysis. This study helps to uncover the reasons for the rise and fall of the Shi clans during the Wei-Jin and North-South dynasties.

Exact Quantized Momentum Eigenvalues and Eigenstates of a General Potential Model

We obtain the quantized momentum eigenvalues, Pn, and the momentum eigenstates for the space-like Schrödinger equation, the Feinberg-Horodecki equation, with the general potential which is constructed by the temporal counterpart of the spatial form of these potentials. The present work is illustrated with two special cases of the general form: time-dependent Wei-Hua Oscillator and time-dependent Manning-Rosen potential. We also plot the variations of the general molecular potential with its two special cases and their momentum states for few quantized states against the screening parameter.

The Personality Beauty Thought in New Accounts of Old Episodes

“New Accounts of Old Episodes”is a classic handed down in China,which reflects the personality image and charm of the scholars in the Wei and Jin dynasties with the original ecological narrative technique.The scholars of the Wei and Jin Dynasties were detached,facing the world with an aesthetic attitude beyond secular utilitarianism,etiquette,and real life,establish a graceful social stage of vulgarity,create a unique personality beauty,providing valuable ideological wealth for the cultivation of poetic spirit,poetic dwelling,aesthetic style,transcend personality,and wisdom.

Transition of human diets and agricultural economy in Shenmingpu Site, Henan, from the Warring States to Han Dynasties

Historical records and archaeological remains indicate that the Chinese agricultural economy changed significantly from the Warring States (475-221 BC) to Han Dynasties (206 BC-220 AD), i.e., from rice-millet based agriculture to rice-millet-wheat based agriculture. However, the variation of human diets and the inner relationship between human diets and the agricultural transition during this period remain poorly understood. In this paper, the C and N stable isotopes from human and animal bones at the Shenmingpu site (SMPS), Xichuan County, Henan Province were analyzed. If some outliers (M34, M36, M102) were excluded, the mean 13C value (( 16.7±0.8)‰, n=15) of humans in Han Dynasties was dramatically lower than that in the Warring States (( 12.7±0.8)‰, n=14), indicating that the cultivation of rice and wheat, especially wheat, had been more widely popularized in Han Dynasties. Meanwhile, the range of 15N values of humans (6.6‰-9.3‰) in Han Dynasties was narrower than that of the Warring States (6.2‰-10.4‰), suggesting that the animal protein resources in human foods during Han Dynasties were more concentrated. The transition of human diets and the close relationship with the change of agricultural economy in SMPS were due to more stable society, the carryout of new agricultural policies, and the emergence of new agricultural tools in Han Dynasties.

Preliminary Analysis of Tectonic Deformation Phenomena in Some Archaeological Sites in Shandong Province

Earthquake archaeological research was conducted in recent years at four archaeological excavation sites in Shandong,focusing on the identification and analysis of the tectonic deformation phenomena. The non-tectonic deformation phenomena were distinguished at the site of the Shang Dynasty ruins at Daxinzhuang in the Jinan suburbs. In Longshan,sand vein-filled cracks were recognized in the cultural layers of the Chengziya site,Zhangqiu City. Sand veins on the trench wall and sand tubes at the trench bottom were found densely distributed at the Shang and Zhou Dynasty cultural layers,at Qinhuangtai site,Binzhou City. The tectonic and non-tectonic origin cracks were identified on the city wall of the Site of Capital of State Qi,Linzi City. In Rizhao city,parallel distributed sand vein fracture groups were found in the cultural layer of Longshan-Warring States-Han Dynasty at Yaowangcheng site. Typical conjugate shear fractures were identified on the city wall of the ancient city of the State of Xue, Tengzhou City. The above natural deformation phenomena are concentrated in the culture layers of the Spring and AutumnWarring States-Han Dynasties and before, and characterized by seismic sand-soil liquefaction traces,which indicate that these regions might have been in the seismic active episodes in the corresponding periods. The above inference has been confirmed by microscopic data analysis.

山西大同金茂园遗址人群颅骨的形态学

本文对金茂园遗址人颅骨形态学的研究后发现,该墓地居民颅骨特征属于现代亚洲蒙古人种的范畴,并表现出不同程度与东亚和东北亚类型接近的特点。种系纯度检验显示,男女两性均有同种系倾向,但女性各项指标变异范围更大。金茂园组与华南组、华北组关系最近,与通古斯组关系最远。在与古代组比较中,金茂园与以东亚类型为主的新丰组、水泊寺组等古代人群接近,与以北亚类型为主的东大井组、叭沟组等古代人群距离较远。金茂园遗址代表的北魏平城时期人群应是继承了大同地区原住民的遗传学特征,同时也受到了来自北方人群交流与迁徙的影响,尤其在金茂园女性人群中的表现似乎更加强烈。北魏平城时期是我国历史上各民族融合的重要阶段,北魏孝文帝主动汉化的举措,极大程度地推进了拓跋鲜卑与汉族的融合,对大同地区考古遗址出土人骨的研究有助于我们认识鲜卑人群的汉化进程。

卫操与拓跋力微及其子孙——《桓帝功德颂碑》考释

卫操撰写的《桓帝功德颂碑》既是北魏早期有文字记载的信史资料,又是北魏拓跋氏集团早期文章的代表作,具有重要的史料价值和文学意义。以《桓帝功德颂碑》为研究对象,具体考察了卫操的生平事迹、碑文的真伪等问题,得出的结论是卫操与拓跋力微、拓跋禄官以及拓跋猗■、拓跋猗卢三代部落首领都有交往,他对北魏早期的历史比较熟悉。解读《桓帝功德颂碑》对北魏早期历史及文学史的深入研究有一定的推进作用。

《唐韦绚墓志》发微

韦绚为唐代中期的著名文人,唐顺宗朝宰相韦执谊之子,文学家元稹之婿,其笔记小说《刘宾客嘉话》《戎幕闲谈》流传至今。因文献记载不足,故与其有关的研究存在诸多争议。韦绚墓志的发现,为研究其家世生平、交游仕宦、文学创作提供了第一手资料,也从一个侧面折射出当时宦官擅权、朋党相争、藩镇割据的政治面貌,对研究中晚唐历史具有重要意义。

臣服蒙古后高丽精英的阶层分野与认同分化——兼论他们对元朝法态度的分歧

蒙古建立与主导的秩序是“帝国秩序”,高丽臣服于蒙古是武力征服的结果。帝国强权在半岛的持续影响,促发了高丽精英阶层的分化。在他们中的不少人看来,本国国王的权力已非源自传统的合法性,而是来自帝国的任命,二重君臣关系出现了。但与此同时,帝国体制下的二元制,亦使传统认同保留了下来,作为传统精英集团的世家大族是其代表。这些因素又导致了省吏与国臣的分野,表现于对帝国法律的不同态度。

从北魏国家认同迭变看中华民族共同体发展

北魏在发展进程中,形成了以正统认同、文化认同、政治认同为核心的国家认同。具体表现为:其一,盛乐时代新旧国号的议定及汉族士人对北魏王朝的支持、合作与依附;其二,平城时代寻根炎黄的华夏谱系开列、汉族士人的归附、对国家热爱与忠诚的诠释;其三,洛阳时代自命“中国”与正统建构以及助推汉化改革。北魏国家认同的形成与演变,反映了北魏鲜卑贵族与汉族士人相互交融、心向中华的必然趋势,体现了“大一统”思想的力量。北魏三个时代的国家认同既是一个不断深化的过程,也是中华民族共同体不断发展和巩固的过程。

秦“道”制起源新论

战国时期,秦国在统一进程中,根据被征服地区的顺逆程度,对新征服的非秦族群地区采取置郡县直辖和设立附属臣邦两种模式。秦属臣邦在保留原有“王侯君长”的同时,设置官员进行监督导化,秦“道”制即起源于臣邦中的“道官”系统,并在臣邦秦制化的过程中得到完善,发展为管理非华夏族群地区的与县平级的地方行政机构。从秦简文与封泥材料看,“道”即“導”,“道”制本意就是导化蛮夷,与交通道路无关。臣邦与“道”的主官为“丞”,意为辅佐,隐含“導”义,与县、都官主官称呼有别。

秦汉时期的“中国观”

“中国”一词在秦汉时期最普遍的用法是与“四夷”并称。以地理范围而论,“中国”或指“京师”,或指“十二州”,但主要指“中原”或者“北方”。语境的差异导致了“中国”含义的不确定性,但“中国”本质上是一种“优越性”,即当以“中国”自居时,必然会产生“差序”。至汉代,“汉”作为“领有天下之号”的王朝之名,其统治的合法性不仅囊括了整个华夷,而且在超越了“汉国”的同时,也高居于“中国”之上。

汉魏六朝北地傅氏籍贯考察——以《宋书·傅弘之传》的载述为中心

魏晋南北朝是一个特殊的时代,关于世族籍贯的认定,不能只是简单地考察地理沿革和家族迁徙等表层问题,而应综合考量家族认同、国家认同、历史认同等诸多层面的历史信息。北地傅氏虽然自汉末以来寄寓关中冯翊境内,此后又流寓江南,但其姓望所系与文化根脉仍在河陇地区(义渠、灵州、泥阳)。其亦文亦武、刚直尚气的家族风尚,正是秦汉以来河陇地区风声气俗的本色呈现。如果将汉末以来北地傅氏的籍贯确定在今陕西耀县境内,不仅与北地傅氏家族兴起于河陇边塞、流离迁徙中仍然情系河陇故土的历史事实不符,而且与门阀制度背景下“寄寓他所”“仍冠旧邦”的时代风气不合,显然不是合理公允的结论。

西周时期南阳地区的封国和方国

西周时期,今南阳地区内分布有不同类别和不同规模的国家。然而,迄今尚未见有对此进行探讨的专文。将文献记载同考古发现结合起来并相互参验,对西周时期今南阳境内众多的国家进行系统研究,可以发现西周时期南阳地区的封国和方国有楚国、申国、谢国、吕国、蓼国、唐国、鄀国、鄂国、养国等。

简论丧葬习俗对魏晋南北朝挽歌的影响

魏晋南北朝的俭葬习俗淡化了死亡的神秘感,使挽歌作者能够理性平和地看待死亡,保持一种较为超然客观的态度,促成了自挽作品的出现。各种丧葬仪式为挽歌创作提供了丰富的意象,成为挽歌描写的重要内容。挽歌正式纳入礼制,得到官方书面形式的认可后更受重视更为普及,促进了献赠挽歌作品的创作,激发了欣赏挽歌、演唱挽歌的兴趣,对名士风流的形成产生了一定影响。

魏晋公府从事中郎考述

魏晋时期,诸公及位从公的统兵幕府专设从事中郎一职。魏晋公府的从事中郎不再是以皇帝私属家臣身份督军的耳目,而是府君信赖的心腹僚属,与长官维持紧密的附庸关系。其地位介于长史、司马和参军、掾吏之间,作为高级行政助理,有权过问本府咨议、机要、人事、指挥、法宪等事务,并可全权代表府主办事,乃幕府纲纪显职。从事中郎的选任资格与乡品三品固定搭配,阀阅世资以高门士族为主,兼采优秀寒素。其仕宦履历不乏专属乡品二品的清要职位,晋升过程相互衔接司空见惯,反映当时门阀大幕虽已拉开,但对流孔道尚未完全封闭。从事中郎仕途的末段普遍跻身三品官,反证乡品对仕宦前景具有等位的预期功能。中正主观评议的乡品不同于单纯核算世资的门品,这是研究从事中郎及其他职官必须加以细致区分的。

魏晋南北朝至隋唐时期亡佚字书研究综述

魏晋南北朝至隋唐时期的字书,大部分已亡佚,但其佚文材料十分宝贵,一些学者对此展开研究且成果丰厚。所指亡佚字书为有辑本的古佚字书(以龙璋《小学搜逸》为基础),对其研究成果进行搜集整理,从辑佚类与研究类两方面展开论述:辑佚类主要包括清人辑本、今人辑本和域外辑本三类;研究类主要以20世纪80年代以来的期刊、硕博论文为研究对象,将研究成果分为字书专书研究、古文献引字书研究以及字书对比研究三类。在此基础上分析当前亡佚字书研究现状的不足,并对今后的研究进行展望。