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Rural labor migration and farmers’arrangements of rice production systems in Central China:Insight from the intergenerational division of labor
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作者 Xue Shen Quanyu Yang +1 位作者 Rongjun Ao Shengsheng Gong 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第9期3200-3214,共15页
Rice production is crucial for food security in China,and its relationship with rural labor migration has been studied extensively.Labor migration in rural China has taken new forms in recent years.There has been a di... Rice production is crucial for food security in China,and its relationship with rural labor migration has been studied extensively.Labor migration in rural China has taken new forms in recent years.There has been a discernible trend wherein adult children have started migrating to cities while their elderly parents return to villages to re-engage in on-farm work.The phenomenon has notably shaped the intergenerational division of labor(IDL)within households.However,it remains to be seen how farmers adjust their rice production systems in response to the IDL.The age of 60 years for employment injury insurance is the eligibility threshold for off-farm employment and is used to obtain a source of exogenous variation in the IDL.Based on a representative household survey of 1,752 rice farmers in the Hubei Province of Central China,our fuzzy regression discontinuity analysis reveals that farmers in IDL households are more likely to adopt ratoon rice(RR)than single cropping rice(SR)or double cropping rice(DR).The effect of the IDL varies under different levels of operational scales and specialized agricultural service availability.Further analysis suggests that farmers’arrangements are associated with two potential mechanisms of downward intergenerational transfer.Monetary transfer for urban housing purchases increases RR in IDL households,and time transfer for intergenerational childcare significantly promotes SR in IDL households.This study enhances the understanding of the relationship between rural labor migration and rice production in China,providing a reference for adjusting rice production systems to ensure food security. 展开更多
关键词 labor migration intergenerational division of labor rice production systems fuzzy regression discontinuity Central China
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Safety and effectiveness of butorphanol in epidural labor analgesia:A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis 被引量:3
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作者 Guan-Cheng Tang Man He +1 位作者 Zhen-Zhao Huang Yan Cheng 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2024年第8期1416-1421,共6页
BACKGROUND Epidural analgesia is the most effective analgesic method during labor.Butorphanol administered epidurally has been shown to be a successful analgesic method during labor.However,no comprehensive study has ... BACKGROUND Epidural analgesia is the most effective analgesic method during labor.Butorphanol administered epidurally has been shown to be a successful analgesic method during labor.However,no comprehensive study has examined the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.AIM To assess butorphanol's safety and efficacy for epidural labor analgesia.METHODS The PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Google Scholar databases will be searched from inception.Other types of literature,such as conference abstracts and references to pertinent reviews,will also be reviewed.We will include randomized controlled trials comparing butorphanol with other opioids combined with local anesthetics for epidural analgesia during labor.There will be no language restrictions.The primary outcomes will include the visual analog scale score for the first stage of labor,fetal effects,and Apgar score.Two independent reviewers will evaluate the full texts,extract data,and assess the risk of bias.Publication bias will be evaluated using Egger's or Begg's tests as well as visual analysis of a funnel plot,and heterogeneity will be evaluated using the Cochran Q test,P values,and I2 values.Meta-analysis,subgroup analysis,and sensitivity analysis will be performed using RevMan software version 5.4.This protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)Protocols statement,and the PRISMA statement will be used for the systematic review.RESULTS This study provides reliable information regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.CONCLUSION To support clinical practice and development,this study provides evidence-based findings regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor. 展开更多
关键词 Epidural analgesia during labor BUTORPHANOL SAFETY PROTOCOL META-ANALYSIS
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Butorphanol in epidural:Could this be the breakthrough solution for safe and effective labor analgesia that we've been waiting for?
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作者 Anju Gupta Brinda Valecha Nishkarsh Gupta 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2024年第32期6566-6569,共4页
The authors have conducted a comprehensive investigation into the safety and effectiveness of butorphanol for epidural analgesia during labor.Their critical analysis of the paper and discussion of the technique's ... The authors have conducted a comprehensive investigation into the safety and effectiveness of butorphanol for epidural analgesia during labor.Their critical analysis of the paper and discussion of the technique's advantages and disadvantages provide a thorough understanding of the topic. 展开更多
关键词 Metanalysis Protocol labor analgesia labor pain
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Association of Squatting Activities of Pregnant Women during the Antenatal Period and Labor Outcomes
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作者 Sharada Manoj Aruna Siriwardena Pulukkuttige Ama Madhushani Perera Janakie Karunasingha 《Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology》 2024年第2期278-294,共17页
Aim: To investigate impact of antenatal squatting activities on labour outcomes. Methods: All eligible primigravida women, with singleton cephalic fetuses, who presented to ward 18 of Colombo South Teaching Hospital, ... Aim: To investigate impact of antenatal squatting activities on labour outcomes. Methods: All eligible primigravida women, with singleton cephalic fetuses, who presented to ward 18 of Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka, during the period 1st of February to 28th of May 2017 were invited into the study. Those who were already in active stage of labor (at least more than two moderate contractions per 10 minutes) on admission were excluded. Demographic data such as age, ethnicity, religion, educational level, occupation, latrine type in use, and booking Body mass index (BMI) were collected via an interviewer administered questionnaire. Data related to labor (modified Bishop score at onset of active labor, labor augmentation, pain relief, labor duration, mode of delivery, episiotomy or tears) and neonatal outcome (birth weight, APGAR score at 1, 5, 10 minutes) were collected from delivery notes. A pre tested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain data regarding routine squatting activities during the previous 6 months. Pain visual analogue scale was used on day after delivery to assess the degree of labour pain. Duration of each squatting activity per day and number of days engaged with the activity per week;were used to calculate total squatting hours per week. In the absence of an accepted threshold for adequate squatting, we employed the sample mean as an operational data-driven threshold to define “more” against “less” squatting activities. Women who did not have squatting activities were considered as the controls. We used chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests to compare characteristics and outcomes between those engaging in more and less levels of squatting activity. We fitted a series of logistic regression models with each dichotomized outcome as the dependent variable, more/less squatting activity as the main independent variable of interest, and age, gestation period, BMI and patient’s occupation as covariates. The resulting adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) and statistical significance (p < 0.05) were used to draw conclusions of adjusted associations. Results: We recruited 430 women into this study. Overall, 68% of the women were of 20 - 30 years old, 47% had normal body mass index and 65% were housewives. The most frequent squatting activities were for urination/defecation and clothes washing (146 and 62 minutes/week, respectively). Mean total time was 246 minutes per week, of which more than 147 women (34%) achieved above this level of squatting activities. Those with more squatting activities had a greater modified Bishop Score ≥ 6/10 (92% vs 82%;p < 0.01);labor duration of <6 hours (82% vs 56%;p < 0.01), less likely for labour augmentation (39% vs 51%;p < 0.01) and pain relief (53% vs 65%;p = 0.013). Similar results were obtained after adjustments for maternal age, BMI, gestational age and occupation. However, there were no significant differences in the mode of delivery (normal vaginal vs instrumental vs caesarean), episiotomy rate, birth weight and neonatal Apgar scores. Conclusion: Squatting activities of more than 246 minutes per week may improve labor outcome. Women should be encouraged to increase squatting exercises or incorporate more habitual squatting activities antenatally. 展开更多
关键词 Antenatal Squatting labor Outcomes
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Analysis of the Effect of Midwives’ Psychological Care Intervention on the Progress of Labor and Cesarean Rate of Elderly Women in Labor
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作者 Chan Yan 《Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research》 2024年第5期271-276,共6页
Objective:To analyze the effect of midwife psychological nursing intervention in the clinical care of elderly women in labor.Methods:According to the order of admission,74 elderly women were divided into the control g... Objective:To analyze the effect of midwife psychological nursing intervention in the clinical care of elderly women in labor.Methods:According to the order of admission,74 elderly women were divided into the control group and the observation group.In addition to the routine perinatal nursing interventions,the observation group strengthened the implementation of midwives’psychological nursing interventions.The duration of labor,mode of delivery,psychological state,and stress response indexes of the two groups were analyzed and compared.Results:The observation group had a shorter duration of all labor stages and total duration of labor than the control group,a lower cesarean section rate than the control group,and a higher degree of improvement in anxiety,depression,and stress response indexes in the 3-day postpartum period as compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of midwife psychological care intervention in perinatal care of elderly women can further shorten the duration of labor,reduce the cesarean section rate,and improve the psychological state and stress indicators,which is worth promoting. 展开更多
关键词 MIDWIFE Psychological care Elderly women labor Cesarean section rate
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Research on Big Data Coding System Based on the Classification of Artificial Materials and Mechanical Equipment in Construction Engineering
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作者 Zuguo Bai Sheng Han +1 位作者 Zhan Wei Jinping Chu 《Journal of Architectural Research and Development》 2024年第6期40-50,共11页
By analyzing and comparing the current application status and advantages and disadvantages of domestic and foreign artificial material mechanical equipment classification coding systems,and conducting a comparative st... By analyzing and comparing the current application status and advantages and disadvantages of domestic and foreign artificial material mechanical equipment classification coding systems,and conducting a comparative study of the existing coding system standards in different regions of the country,a coding data model suitable for big data research needs is proposed based on the current national standard for artificial material mechanical equipment classification coding.This model achieves a horizontal connection of characteristics and a vertical penetration of attribute values for construction materials and machinery through forward automatic coding calculation and reverse automatic decoding.This coding scheme and calculation model can also establish a database file for the coding and unit price of construction materials and machinery,forming a complete big data model for construction material coding unit prices.This provides foundational support for calculating and analyzing big data related to construction material unit prices,real-time information prices,market prices,and various comprehensive prices,thus contributing to the formation of cost-related big data. 展开更多
关键词 Data of labor MATERIALS EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION Big data coding system
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A Study on the Correlation of Body Mass Management During Pregnancy with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Labor Progression
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作者 Ying Zhou Lijun Song 《Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research》 2024年第5期56-61,共6页
Objective:To investigate the effects of body mass management during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes,duration of labor,and neonatal birth weight.Methods:472 pregnant women who visited Beijing Anzhen Hospital fr... Objective:To investigate the effects of body mass management during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes,duration of labor,and neonatal birth weight.Methods:472 pregnant women who visited Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January to December 2023 were selected,and the pregnant women were divided into 236 each in the observation group and the control group.Body mass of pregnant women was measured and BMI was calculated in early and late pregnancy respectively,and the pregnant women in the control group were guided by routine management,while the observation group was guided by body mass management during pregnancy.The growth of maternal body mass,mode of delivery,postpartum hemorrhage,neonatal score,neonatal blood glucose at birth,and umbilical artery blood,as well as the comparison of the duration of labor,were observed.Results:The observation group was significantly better than the control group in terms of mode of delivery,postpartum hemorrhage,and body mass growth,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05),and there was no statistical significance in terms of neonatal scores,neonatal blood glucose at birth,and umbilical artery blood(P>0.05);the time of the first stage of labor and the time of the second stage of labor of the mothers in the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group,with statistical differences(P<0.05),and the time of the third stage of labor of the mothers in the observation group was statistically better than that of the control group.There was no statistically significant difference between the time of the third stage of labor in the observation group and the control group(P>0.05),and the time of the total stage of labor in the observation group was statistically better than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Body mass management during pregnancy can effectively improve maternal control of weight gain,reduce labor time,and decrease the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. 展开更多
关键词 PREGNANCY Body mass management Adverse pregnancy outcome labor duration
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Contribution of the MERISE-Type Conceptual Data Model to the Construction of Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators of the Effectiveness of Training in Relation to the Needs of the Labor Market in the Republic of Congo
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作者 Roch Corneille Ngoubou Basile Guy Richard Bossoto Régis Babindamana 《Open Journal of Applied Sciences》 2024年第8期2187-2200,共14页
This study proposes the use of the MERISE conceptual data model to create indicators for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of vocational training in the Republic of Congo. The importance of MERISE for struct... This study proposes the use of the MERISE conceptual data model to create indicators for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of vocational training in the Republic of Congo. The importance of MERISE for structuring and analyzing data is underlined, as it enables the measurement of the adequacy between training and the needs of the labor market. The innovation of the study lies in the adaptation of the MERISE model to the local context, the development of innovative indicators, and the integration of a participatory approach including all relevant stakeholders. Contextual adaptation and local innovation: The study suggests adapting MERISE to the specific context of the Republic of Congo, considering the local particularities of the labor market. Development of innovative indicators and new measurement tools: It proposes creating indicators to assess skills matching and employer satisfaction, which are crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of vocational training. Participatory approach and inclusion of stakeholders: The study emphasizes actively involving training centers, employers, and recruitment agencies in the evaluation process. This participatory approach ensures that the perspectives of all stakeholders are considered, leading to more relevant and practical outcomes. Using the MERISE model allows for: • Rigorous data structuring, organization, and standardization: Clearly defining entities and relationships facilitates data organization and standardization, crucial for effective data analysis. • Facilitation of monitoring, analysis, and relevant indicators: Developing both quantitative and qualitative indicators helps measure the effectiveness of training in relation to the labor market, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation. • Improved communication and common language: By providing a common language for different stakeholders, MERISE enhances communication and collaboration, ensuring that all parties have a shared understanding. The study’s approach and contribution to existing research lie in: • Structured theoretical and practical framework and holistic approach: The study offers a structured framework for data collection and analysis, covering both quantitative and qualitative aspects, thus providing a comprehensive view of the training system. • Reproducible methodology and international comparison: The proposed methodology can be replicated in other contexts, facilitating international comparison and the adoption of best practices. • Extension of knowledge and new perspective: By integrating a participatory approach and developing indicators adapted to local needs, the study extends existing research and offers new perspectives on vocational training evaluation. 展开更多
关键词 MERISE Conceptual Data Model (MCD) Monitoring Indicators Evaluation of Training Effectiveness Training-Employment Adequacy labor Market Information systems Analysis Adjustment of Training Programs EMPLOYABILITY Professional Skills
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Research on the Implementation Path of Labor Education in Colleges and Universities from an International Perspective
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作者 Rui Zhang 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第2期230-235,共6页
Universities shoulder the important mission of talent cultivation,scientific research,social service,cultural heritage and innovation,and international exchange and cooperation.International exchange and cooperation h... Universities shoulder the important mission of talent cultivation,scientific research,social service,cultural heritage and innovation,and international exchange and cooperation.International exchange and cooperation have become the fifth major function of universities.Based on the background of the globalization era,undergraduate colleges and universities should pay more attention to the cultivation of students’intercultural communication and understanding ability while cultivating their professional skills,and take expanding students’international vision and enhancing the international competitiveness of China’s education as important tasks.Labor education is an important content of the national education system,which has the comprehensive nurturing value of cultivating morality,increasing intelligence,strengthening physical fitness,and cultivating beauty.Higher education institutions should further optimize the system of labor education,expand students’space and field of thinking in the process of labor education,and broaden students’international perspectives. 展开更多
关键词 International perspective Colleges and universities labor education Implementation paths
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The Practical Path of Labor Curriculum in Compulsory Education in China from the Perspective of Overlapping Influence Domain Theory
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作者 Yihan Yan Long Peng 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第7期252-257,共6页
Since the new curriculum reform,labor education has gradually shed its marginalized position in the“five educations,”and the labor curriculum has become an independent course officially separated from comprehensive ... Since the new curriculum reform,labor education has gradually shed its marginalized position in the“five educations,”and the labor curriculum has become an independent course officially separated from comprehensive practical activity courses.Exploring the practical path of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China has become the primary task of labor education in China.Based on the practical situation of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China,drawing on the theory of overlapping influence domains,and from the perspective of collaborative education among family,school,and community,this paper proposes a curriculum practical path of“school-led”family-school-community collaboration and a curriculum practical path guided by“student-centered”sentiment,in order to provide references for the practice of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China. 展开更多
关键词 Overlapping influence domain theory Compulsory education labor curriculum
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How Effective Is Cervical Ripening Using the Controlled-Release Dinoprostone Vaginal Delivery System for Primiparas with Unruptured Membranes?
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作者 Yoshino Kinjyo Yukiko Chinen +2 位作者 Tadatsugu Kinjo Shuko Chinen Keiko Mekaru 《Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology》 2024年第8期1185-1196,共12页
Background: Labor induction has a low success rate, especially in primiparas with unruptured membranes. Previous studies focused on pregnant women with unruptured membranes, but none specifically targeted primiparas. ... Background: Labor induction has a low success rate, especially in primiparas with unruptured membranes. Previous studies focused on pregnant women with unruptured membranes, but none specifically targeted primiparas. Aims: To compare the effectiveness of a controlled-release dinoprostone vaginal delivery system for cervical dilatation (PROPESS) with that of mechanical dilation for labor induction in primiparous women with unruptured membranes. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 90 primiparas with unruptured membranes (41 and 49 in the PROPESS and mechanical dilation groups, respectively). The primary outcome was the cesarean section (CS) rate. The secondary outcomes were the prevalence of vaginal delivery within 12 or 24 h after the initial insertion, oxytocin usage rate, chorioamnionitis, additional use of mechanical dilation in the PROPESS group, and neonatal outcomes. Results: The CS rate was significantly lower in the PROPESS group than in the mechanical dilation group (p = 0.02). A total of 13 patients (31.7%) delivered within 24 h with PROPESS alone, indicating a significantly higher rate of delivery within 24 h in the PROPESS group (p = 0.02). Fewer patients required additional oxytocin in the PROPESS group than in the mechanical dilation group (p = 0.001). However, 14 (34%) patients in the PROPESS group required additional mechanical cervical dilation, resulting in a longer time to delivery than mechanical dilation. Conclusions: PROPESS significantly reduced CS rates and increased delivery rates 24 h after the initial insertion in primiparas with unruptured membranes compared to mechanical dilatation. However, failure to respond to PROPESS resulted in an overall longer delivery time than that of the conventional mechanical dilation group;therefore, identifying predictors of response to PROPESS is necessary. 展开更多
关键词 PROPESS labor Induction Primiparas Cervical Ripening Unruptured Membranes
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Advances in epidural labor analgesia:Effectiveness and treatment strategies of butorphanol
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作者 Wan-Qiu Yu Zhao-Qiong Zhu Fu-Shan Tang 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2024年第34期6669-6673,共5页
In this editorial,we provide a critical review of the article by Tang et al published in the World J Clin Cases,focusing on the utilization of butorphanol for epidural analgesia during labor.Our discussion encompasses... In this editorial,we provide a critical review of the article by Tang et al published in the World J Clin Cases,focusing on the utilization of butorphanol for epidural analgesia during labor.Our discussion encompasses recent research developments in epidural labor analgesia,specifically highlighting the current status of clinical applications of butorphanol and associated treatment approaches.Epidural analgesia is widely acknowledged as the primary method for pain management during labor,offering effective and prolonged pain relief while allowing mothers to remain alert and actively participate in the delivery process.Among the various drugs utilized for epidural labor analgesia,butorphanol has received increasing attention due to its potential efficacy and distinctive pharmacological properties.As a synthetic opioid analgesic,butorphanol exhibits both agonistic and antagonistic activity on opioid receptors,striking a balance between analgesia and minimizing side effects.Nevertheless,the safety and efficacy of butorphanol in epidural labor analgesia remains controversial.While certain studies have reported positive outcomes with butorphanol,including effective pain relief and a reduced incidence of side effects,others have raised concerns about its safety and efficacy compared to traditional opioids or alternative analgesics.In addition,the optimal dosing strategy and regimen of butorphanol as an adjuvant in epidural labor analgesia still need to be verified.Through comprehensive synthesis and analysis of existing literature,we aim to evaluate the current evidence regarding the use of butorphanol for epidural labor analgesia,delineate areas of consensus and controversy,and propose future avenues for research and clinical practice in this domain. 展开更多
关键词 BUTORPHANOL Epidural analgesia labor analgesia OPIOIDS Pain management
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Is Induction of Labor with Early Rupture of Membranes Associated with an Increased Rate of Clinical Chorioamnionitis?
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作者 Laura Rankin Matthew Romagano +1 位作者 Shauna Williams Joseph Apuzzio 《Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology》 2024年第2期240-249,共10页
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if early rupture of membranes (ROM) in women undergoing induction of labor (IOL) at term is associated with an increased rate of clinical chorioamnionitis. Study... Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if early rupture of membranes (ROM) in women undergoing induction of labor (IOL) at term is associated with an increased rate of clinical chorioamnionitis. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study was performed on women undergoing IOL. Early ROM was defined as ROM at a modified Bishop score less than 5, cervical dilation less than 4 cm, or cervical effacement less than 80%. The rate of clinical chorioamnionitis was compared between women with early and late ROM. Results: The rate of clinical chorioamnionitis was 8.6% (24/279). ROM at an effacement of less than 80% was associated with a rate of clinical chorioamnionitis of 15.4% (12/78) compared to 6.0% (12/201) at an effacement of equal to or greater than 80%, p = 0.017. The rate of cesarean delivery was higher for patients with early ROM by any definition: 32% compared to 17.5% by modified Bishop score (p = 0.031), 32.4% versus 18.2% by cervical dilation (p = 0.049), and 33.3% versus 14.9% by cervical effacement (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In patients undergoing IOL, early ROM may be associated with an increased rate of clinical chorioamnionitis when performed at a cervical effacement of less than 80% and an increased rate of cesarean delivery. 展开更多
关键词 Amniotomy Cesarean Delivery CHORIOAMNIONITIS Induction of labor Intraamniotic Infection Perinatal Infection Rupture of Membranes Term Pregnancy
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Employment and development levels in rural areas of the Russian Federation
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作者 Guzel SALIMOVA Gulnara NIGMATULLINA +2 位作者 Gamir HABIROV Alisa ABLEEVA Rasul GUSMANOV 《Regional Sustainability》 2024年第3期124-134,共11页
The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health.The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure,as w... The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health.The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure,as well as the availability of various services.This study selected 15 indicators in 2021 to analyze the employment and development levels in rural areas of 71 regions of the Russian Federation using the analytical grouping method.The results indicated that 20 regions(Group 1)had the highest percentage of rural population(33.10%).The percentage of population engaged in agriculture had the highest value(12.40%)in 31 regions(Group 2).Moreover,20 regions(Group 3)had the highest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget(11.80 USD/person).Increasing the investments in fixed assets carried out from the budget of the municipality can improve the employment level in rural areas.Then,we used cluster analysis to divide 14 regions of the Volga Federal District in the Russian Federation into 3 clusters.Cluster 1 covered Kirov Region and Republic of Mari El;Cluster 2 included Ulyanovsk Region,Saratov Region,Nizhny Novgorod Region,Perm Territory,Orenburg Region,Chuvash Region,and Republic of Mordovia;and Cluster 3 contained Republic of Tatarstan,Samara Region,Udmurtian Republic,Penza Region,and Republic of Bashkortostan.Results indicated that the 2 regions of Cluster 1 need to increase the availability of resources and natural gas and improve the investment attractiveness of rural areas.The 7 regions of Cluster 2 needed to develop infrastructure,public services,and agricultural production.We found the highest employment level in rural areas,the largest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget,the largest residential building area per 10,000 persons,and the largest individual residential building area in the 5 regions of Cluster 3.This study makes it possible to draw up a comprehensive regional development program and proves the need for the development of rural areas,which is especially important for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation. 展开更多
关键词 Rural areas Employment level labor productivity Investments in fixed assets Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) Russian Federation
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Effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on anxiety,labor analgesia and motor blocks in women during natural delivery 被引量:1
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作者 Ling Cai Jiao-Jiao Jiang +1 位作者 Ting-Ting Wang Shuang Cao 《World Journal of Psychiatry》 SCIE 2023年第11期838-847,共10页
BACKGROUND The background of this study was analgesia in natural delivery.The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has obvious analgesic effect on the parturients in natural labor,and combined spinal-epidural anesthesi... BACKGROUND The background of this study was analgesia in natural delivery.The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has obvious analgesic effect on the parturients in natural labor,and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has been widely used in anesthesia for various diseases.AIM To study the effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on anxiety,labor analgesia,and motor blocks in parturients during natural delivery.METHODS A total of 120 women who gave birth at Changning District Maternal and Child Health Hospital between December 2021 to December 2022 were included;a random number table approach was employed to divide the women into a control group and a joint group,with each group consisting of 60 women.The control group was given epidural anesthesia,while the joint group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.The visual analog scale(VAS)was used to evaluate the degree of maternal pain.Comparisons were made between the two groups’conditions of childbirth and the duration of labor.Apgar scores were used to evaluate the status of the newborns at birth;Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)scores,umbilical artery blood gas analysis indices and stress indices were compared between the two groups;and the frequencies of motor block and postpartum complications were analyzed.RESULTS In comparison to the control group,in the joint group,the VAS scores for the first,second,and third stages of labor were lower(P<0.05).The rates of conversion to cesarean section and postpartum blood loss in the joint group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in the Apgar score,the duration of the first stage of labor,or the total duration of labor between the two groups(P>0.05).The second and third stages of labor in the joint group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).When compared to the control group,the postpartum SAS score of the joint group was lower,while the GSES score was greater(P<0.05).Between the control group and the joint group,the differences observed in pH,arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure,arterial oxygen partial pressure,or arterial hydrogen ion concentration were not significant(P>0.05).Nitric oxide,cortisol,and adrenaline levels were lower in the joint group than in the control group(P<0.05).There were no substantial differences in Bromage grade or rate of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For parturients during natural delivery,combined spinal-epidural anesthesia can reduce anxiety,provide labor analgesia,shorten labor time,and reduce postoperative stress levels but did not result in a motor block. 展开更多
关键词 Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia Natural delivery Anxiety level labor analgesia Motor block
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Review of Women’s Employment in Greece in the 20th and Early 21st Centuries
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作者 Fotini Mastroianni 《Economics World》 2024年第3期109-116,共8页
In the early 20th century,the role of Greek women in the working environment was considered complementary,and the type of work they would do should fit their Review of Women’s Employment in Greece in the 20th and Ear... In the early 20th century,the role of Greek women in the working environment was considered complementary,and the type of work they would do should fit their Review of Women’s Employment in Greece in the 20th and Early 21st Centuries gender stereotypes.Therefore,they were low-paid workers and employees,and they were the first to be laid off.Despite the fact that the number of Greek women participating in the labor market has increased,many of them were obliged to work due to the high rate of men’s unemployment since there was no other way to sustain the living level of the household(Alpha Bank,2018).Greek women’s participation in the labor market was accompanied by an increase in flexible types of employment along with the pay gap between men and women,which remained persistent due to the existence of discrimination. 展开更多
关键词 UNEMPLOYMENT pay gap flexible employment DISCRIMINATION labor EMPLOYMENT Greek women
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Research on Practical Pathways of Strengthening Labor Education for College and University Students in the New Era 被引量:1
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作者 Siwen Wang Peng Li +2 位作者 Liping Wang Xuexin Wang Yinbiao Wang 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2023年第10期105-112,共8页
Labor education is an essential component of college and university education that can help students to develop a strong work ethic,acquire practical skills,and better understand the value of work.Strengthening labor ... Labor education is an essential component of college and university education that can help students to develop a strong work ethic,acquire practical skills,and better understand the value of work.Strengthening labor education for college and university students is an urgent need of the high-quality development of the society and the internal requirement of promoting the all-round development of individuals.This study analyzes the importance of strengthening labor education for college and university students in the new era and proposes four practical pathways which draw on labor courses and campus activities,social practices,scientific research projects,and internships.After implementing these pathways,a survey of 967 students showed that students’understanding and awareness of labor was deepened,their hands-on skills and interests in science and labor practices were improved,and they became more cordially respectful to the working class.Taken together,the exploration and practice of these pathways helps college and university students to recognize their abilities,strengths,and interests,and guides them to form good labor habits that permeate all aspects of their studies and lives. 展开更多
关键词 labor education College and university students Strengthening pathways Practice and effect
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An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of the Contract Book of the Civil Code on Labor Dispute Trial Practices:A Study of Four Hundred Judgments
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作者 Wang Qilin 《Contemporary Social Sciences》 2023年第4期69-87,共19页
Interpretation(I)of the Supreme People’s Court of Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Labor Dispute Cases allows for the application of pertinent laws and regulations,including the Civil Code of ... Interpretation(I)of the Supreme People’s Court of Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Labor Dispute Cases allows for the application of pertinent laws and regulations,including the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the“Civil Code”),in labor dispute cases.This has resolved the controversy over the relationship between civil law and labor law in academic and practical communities.In view of this development,we examined four hundred judicial documents,analyzing the focal points of disputes,the reasoning behind judgments,applicable laws,and judgment results.Our study identified seven impacts of the Contract Book of the Civil Code on labor dispute trial practices,exploring the underlying logic behind these changes and proposing policy suggestions to promote consistent judgments across jurisdictions,enhance judicial credibility,and encourage employers to govern enterprises in compliance with the law while empowering employees to safeguard their rights in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. 展开更多
关键词 Civil Code Contract Book labor dispute applicable laws trial practices
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Could Labor Be Considered Outside of a Medical Environment in Africa? Case of the Maternity Hospital in Yopougon Attié/Abidjan/Ivory Coast/West Africa
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作者 Ecra Ana Touré Konan Blé Rémy +1 位作者 Koffi Koffi Abdoul Konan Perel 《Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology》 2023年第9期1632-1644,共13页
Introduction: Developing countries are characterized by a high maternal mortality rate, particulary related to the management of childbirth. The author describes in this work 588 childbirth labors that took place with... Introduction: Developing countries are characterized by a high maternal mortality rate, particulary related to the management of childbirth. The author describes in this work 588 childbirth labors that took place without any medical supervision. Method: All patients who reached the hospital with a full cervix dilation were included in the study. The outcomes of those childbirth labors without medical supervision were evaluated at the maternal and neonatal level. Results and Discussion: The average age of the patients was 28.1 ± 13 years with 47% nulliparous and 30% pauciparous. These patients represented 14% of all births;59% of the patients had had three and five prenatal consultations. 71% of them came straight from home and had meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The APGAR score was greater than 6 in 94% of newborns, and 66.7 of them weighed between 2500 and 3500 g. Only 0.9% of patients coming from home needed a caesarean section. Conclusion: Home birth is not yet possible in Africa because it is not supervised by professionals who know the risks of childbirth, its complications and recognize the warning signs;however, the results of this preliminary study show that the issue of home childbirth in Côte d’Ivoire can be reconsidered subject to greater involvement of medical staffs. 展开更多
关键词 Cervix Dilation Stage Childbirth labor Medical Supervision Neonatal Prog-nosis Côte d’Ivoire
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A Study of the Effects of Employee Engagement on Job Satisfaction:Mediating Effect of Labor Relations Climate
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作者 Zhao Weihong Yang Xiaoyi +1 位作者 Ma Xiaomeng Zhao Yifan 《Contemporary Social Sciences》 2023年第1期63-74,共12页
With the rapid advancement of new technologies and the transformation of the economic model on a global scale,enterprises are facing unprecedented changes in the external environment and more diversified demands from ... With the rapid advancement of new technologies and the transformation of the economic model on a global scale,enterprises are facing unprecedented changes in the external environment and more diversified demands from employees.Therefore,it is essential for enterprises to bolster employee engagement by enhancing employees’job satisfaction,building a stable and harmonious internal climate,and adapting to the dynamic,complex external environment.This study analyzes the positive effects of employee engagement on job satisfaction,explores the mediating effect of labor relations climate in the relationship between the two,and proposes corresponding practical countermeasures and suggestions. 展开更多
关键词 employee engagement job satisfaction labor relations climate
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