China is moving to greater economic and political influence in the global scale.One of the Chinese strategy for“go global”is Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)which was announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013.The BRI i...China is moving to greater economic and political influence in the global scale.One of the Chinese strategy for“go global”is Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)which was announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013.The BRI includes a significant number of countries from Asia,Central Asia,the Middle East,Africa,and Europe.In this framework,China relations with Central Asia are an important part of the BRI project.The BRI is not merely an economic project as framed by Beijing,but that it represents a new stage in China’s engagement with the Central Asian republics.The Belt and Road Initiative is highly likely to become China’s most significant contribution to Central Asia economic development.This would affect the China-Central Asia relations economically and politically.展开更多
Road network is a corridor system that interacts with surrounding landscapes,and understanding their interaction helps to develop an optimal plan for sustainable transportation and land use.This study investigates the...Road network is a corridor system that interacts with surrounding landscapes,and understanding their interaction helps to develop an optimal plan for sustainable transportation and land use.This study investigates the relationships between road centrality and landscape patterns in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area,China.The densities of centrality measures,including closeness,betweenness,and straightness,are calculated by kernel density estimation(KDE).The landscape patterns are characterized by four landscape metrics,including percentage of landscape(PLAND),Shannon′s diversity index(SHDI),mean patch size(MPS),and mean shape index(MSI).Spearman rank correlation analysis is then used to quantify their relationships at both landscape and class levels.The results show that the centrality measures can reflect the hierarchy of road network as they associate with road grade.Further analysis exhibit that as centrality densities increase,the whole landscape becomes more fragmented and regular.At the class level,the forest gradually decreases and becomes fragmented,while the construction land increases and turns to more compact.Therefore,these findings indicate that the ability and potential applications of centrality densities estimated by KDE in quantifying the relationships between roads and landscapes,can provide detailed information and valuable guidance for transportation and land-use planning as well as a new insight into ecological effects of roads.展开更多
It has been five years since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was first introduced. Though there has been a growing body of literature on regional cooperation between covered countries, Japan and South Korea have be...It has been five years since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was first introduced. Though there has been a growing body of literature on regional cooperation between covered countries, Japan and South Korea have been barely discussed. This paper starts with the consensus-based mechanism of a China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area (FTA) to probe the approach of its alignment with the BRI in terms of the sequence of “master plans,”“viability of cooperation,” and “embedding of rules.” This inquiry found that the three countries have a shared interest in cooperation in Central Asia to which China prefers a pragmatic approach, while Japan and South Korea an approach combining idealism with pragmatism. Given the huge potential of cooperation between the trio, it is suggested that a “Central Asia chapter” be incorporated in the negotiation framework of this trilateral FTA, and that the design feature three aspects;fundamental principles, specific rules, and an executive body with a view to functionally contributing to regional trade integration in Asia. This approach may also be applied to the alignment of other Asian areas with the BRI.展开更多
China＇s relationship with Central Asia has grown manifold since the foundation of Shanghai Five in 1996, which in June 2001 became the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. The impetus to the relationship has further be...China＇s relationship with Central Asia has grown manifold since the foundation of Shanghai Five in 1996, which in June 2001 became the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. The impetus to the relationship has further been accen- tuated when China-Russia friendship treaty was signed in July 2001. The US-led war in Afghanistan against Taliban and A1-Qaeda has yet again cemented Chinese position in Central Asia, and the recently concluded Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） has undeniably dramatically underscored the strategic value of Central Asia to the west and has opened up possibilities for Chinese security, political and economic interests. Geostrategically enmeshed with Central Asia, China will remain an integral and increasingly influential player in Central Asia. This research paper contextualises China＇s emergence and interests in Central Asia discarding the much talked about great game thesis and asserts by analysing the rise of China in the region as an unmatched and unchallenged power which has been testified once again with the recent BRI of Beijing.展开更多
在“一带一路”(The Belt and Road)倡议下,基于2010—2019年中国与中亚五国农产品进出口贸易数据,运用竞争力指数(TC)分析中国与中亚五国农产品贸易竞争力。结果表明,从整体农产品贸易角度分析来看,中国农产品整体竞争力处于相对劣势,...在“一带一路”(The Belt and Road)倡议下,基于2010—2019年中国与中亚五国农产品进出口贸易数据,运用竞争力指数(TC)分析中国与中亚五国农产品贸易竞争力。结果表明,从整体农产品贸易角度分析来看,中国农产品整体竞争力处于相对劣势,仅高于吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦与土库曼斯坦。从分类农产品贸易来看,在动物产品和农产品制成品方面具有较强的竞争力,在植物产品和动植物油脂产品方面竞争力弱。中国与中亚五国农产品贸易还处于初级阶段,提高双边贸易规模、产出产质是当下重要任务。基于此,中国应培育出绿色优势农产品,突破绿色壁垒,走可持续发展道路,提高农产品质量和竞争力;培养高素质农业人才,增加农业科研机构数量,加强教育培育体系建设,提高农业科研成果转化和应用能力;加强政策扶持,培育更多专业化、规模化的大型农产品出口企业,发挥市场引领力。展开更多
在“一带一路”(The Belt and Road)的共建将对中国农产品贸易带来机遇与挑战的背景下,基于2010—2019年中国和中亚五国农产品进出口贸易数据,运用显示性比较优势指数(RCA)分析中国与中亚五国农产品贸易比较优势。结果表明,与中亚五国相...在“一带一路”(The Belt and Road)的共建将对中国农产品贸易带来机遇与挑战的背景下,基于2010—2019年中国和中亚五国农产品进出口贸易数据,运用显示性比较优势指数(RCA)分析中国与中亚五国农产品贸易比较优势。结果表明,与中亚五国相比,中国整体农产品贸易比较优势较弱,仅高于土库曼斯坦,大幅低于乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦。在具体分类中,无论是动物产品、植物产品、动物油脂产品还是农产品制成品,均表现出较弱的比较优势。因此,在“一带一路”倡议下,应不断优化中国对中亚五国农产品进出口贸易结构;提高基础设施服务水平,进一步完善实施海关预约货物通关服务制度,提高货物预约通关率,满足不断变化的贸易交易需求;加强中国与中亚五国农产品贸易深度合作,提高中国农产品贸易比较优势。展开更多
文摘China is moving to greater economic and political influence in the global scale.One of the Chinese strategy for“go global”is Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)which was announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013.The BRI includes a significant number of countries from Asia,Central Asia,the Middle East,Africa,and Europe.In this framework,China relations with Central Asia are an important part of the BRI project.The BRI is not merely an economic project as framed by Beijing,but that it represents a new stage in China’s engagement with the Central Asian republics.The Belt and Road Initiative is highly likely to become China’s most significant contribution to Central Asia economic development.This would affect the China-Central Asia relations economically and politically.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2012BAH28B02)
文摘Road network is a corridor system that interacts with surrounding landscapes,and understanding their interaction helps to develop an optimal plan for sustainable transportation and land use.This study investigates the relationships between road centrality and landscape patterns in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area,China.The densities of centrality measures,including closeness,betweenness,and straightness,are calculated by kernel density estimation(KDE).The landscape patterns are characterized by four landscape metrics,including percentage of landscape(PLAND),Shannon′s diversity index(SHDI),mean patch size(MPS),and mean shape index(MSI).Spearman rank correlation analysis is then used to quantify their relationships at both landscape and class levels.The results show that the centrality measures can reflect the hierarchy of road network as they associate with road grade.Further analysis exhibit that as centrality densities increase,the whole landscape becomes more fragmented and regular.At the class level,the forest gradually decreases and becomes fragmented,while the construction land increases and turns to more compact.Therefore,these findings indicate that the ability and potential applications of centrality densities estimated by KDE in quantifying the relationships between roads and landscapes,can provide detailed information and valuable guidance for transportation and land-use planning as well as a new insight into ecological effects of roads.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘It has been five years since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was first introduced. Though there has been a growing body of literature on regional cooperation between covered countries, Japan and South Korea have been barely discussed. This paper starts with the consensus-based mechanism of a China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area (FTA) to probe the approach of its alignment with the BRI in terms of the sequence of “master plans,”“viability of cooperation,” and “embedding of rules.” This inquiry found that the three countries have a shared interest in cooperation in Central Asia to which China prefers a pragmatic approach, while Japan and South Korea an approach combining idealism with pragmatism. Given the huge potential of cooperation between the trio, it is suggested that a “Central Asia chapter” be incorporated in the negotiation framework of this trilateral FTA, and that the design feature three aspects;fundamental principles, specific rules, and an executive body with a view to functionally contributing to regional trade integration in Asia. This approach may also be applied to the alignment of other Asian areas with the BRI.
文摘China＇s relationship with Central Asia has grown manifold since the foundation of Shanghai Five in 1996, which in June 2001 became the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. The impetus to the relationship has further been accen- tuated when China-Russia friendship treaty was signed in July 2001. The US-led war in Afghanistan against Taliban and A1-Qaeda has yet again cemented Chinese position in Central Asia, and the recently concluded Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） has undeniably dramatically underscored the strategic value of Central Asia to the west and has opened up possibilities for Chinese security, political and economic interests. Geostrategically enmeshed with Central Asia, China will remain an integral and increasingly influential player in Central Asia. This research paper contextualises China＇s emergence and interests in Central Asia discarding the much talked about great game thesis and asserts by analysing the rise of China in the region as an unmatched and unchallenged power which has been testified once again with the recent BRI of Beijing.
文摘在“一带一路”(The Belt and Road)倡议下,基于2010—2019年中国与中亚五国农产品进出口贸易数据,运用竞争力指数(TC)分析中国与中亚五国农产品贸易竞争力。结果表明,从整体农产品贸易角度分析来看,中国农产品整体竞争力处于相对劣势,仅高于吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦与土库曼斯坦。从分类农产品贸易来看,在动物产品和农产品制成品方面具有较强的竞争力,在植物产品和动植物油脂产品方面竞争力弱。中国与中亚五国农产品贸易还处于初级阶段,提高双边贸易规模、产出产质是当下重要任务。基于此,中国应培育出绿色优势农产品,突破绿色壁垒,走可持续发展道路,提高农产品质量和竞争力;培养高素质农业人才,增加农业科研机构数量,加强教育培育体系建设,提高农业科研成果转化和应用能力;加强政策扶持,培育更多专业化、规模化的大型农产品出口企业,发挥市场引领力。
文摘在“一带一路”(The Belt and Road)的共建将对中国农产品贸易带来机遇与挑战的背景下,基于2010—2019年中国和中亚五国农产品进出口贸易数据,运用显示性比较优势指数(RCA)分析中国与中亚五国农产品贸易比较优势。结果表明,与中亚五国相比,中国整体农产品贸易比较优势较弱,仅高于土库曼斯坦,大幅低于乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦。在具体分类中,无论是动物产品、植物产品、动物油脂产品还是农产品制成品,均表现出较弱的比较优势。因此,在“一带一路”倡议下,应不断优化中国对中亚五国农产品进出口贸易结构;提高基础设施服务水平,进一步完善实施海关预约货物通关服务制度,提高货物预约通关率,满足不断变化的贸易交易需求;加强中国与中亚五国农产品贸易深度合作,提高中国农产品贸易比较优势。
