This paper examines transformational leadership theory and the relationship between transformational leadership and group performance as well. Transformational leadership asks leaders to understand the needs of follow...This paper examines transformational leadership theory and the relationship between transformational leadership and group performance as well. Transformational leadership asks leaders to understand the needs of followers and motivate followers for their overall development, which brings benefits to a group. It is hoped that this paper can contribute to comparative studies on Transformational leadership in the U.S. and China.展开更多
营养风险或营养不良在急诊患者中普遍存在,可导致病死风险上升并造成疾病负担加重。但迄今为止,在急诊领域中,对营养风险的关注度明显低于其他专科。2016年多个国际性营养组织提出了全球领导人营养不良倡议(Global Leadership Initiativ...营养风险或营养不良在急诊患者中普遍存在,可导致病死风险上升并造成疾病负担加重。但迄今为止,在急诊领域中,对营养风险的关注度明显低于其他专科。2016年多个国际性营养组织提出了全球领导人营养不良倡议(Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition,GLIM)。GLIM自提出以来,发展迅速,已成为进行营养诊断的主要方法学工具。与此同时,疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRGs)在中国已经快速普及,并成为新一轮医改的重要内容。在DRGs背景下,营养不良的诊断和干预对患者具有重要的临床和经济学意义。本文将基于GLIM标准结合DRGs的时代背景,从急诊患者的营养风险筛查、营养不良诊断、临床经济学效益以及急诊患者营养评估的未来发展方向等多方面的应用与研究进展进行评述,以期为广大急诊医务人员更好的理解急诊患者的营养评估提供借鉴。展开更多
Grouping is a common phenomenon that occurs everywhere.The leader-follower relationship inside groups has often been qualitatively characterized in previous models using simple heuristics.However,a general method is l...Grouping is a common phenomenon that occurs everywhere.The leader-follower relationship inside groups has often been qualitatively characterized in previous models using simple heuristics.However,a general method is lacking to quantitatively explain leadership in an evacuating group.To understand the evolution of single-group dynamics throughout an evacuation,we developed an extended social force model integrated with a group force.A series of single-group evacuations from a room were simulated.An information-theoretic method,transfer entropy(TE),was applied to detect predefined and undeclared leadership among evacuees.The results showed that the predefined leader was correctly detected by TE,suggesting its capability in measuring leadership based on time series of evacuees’movement information(e.g.,velocity and acceleration).When evacuees were grouped together,TE was higher than when they were alone.Leaders presented a monotonically increasing cumulative influence curve over the investigated period,whereas followers showed a diminishing tendency.We found that leadership emergence correlated with evacuees’spatial positions.The individual located in the foremost part of the group was most likely to become a leader of those in the rear,which concurred with the experimental observations.We observed how a large group split into smaller ones with undeclared leadership during evacuation.These observations were quantitatively verified by TE results.This study provides novel insights into quantifying leadership and understanding single-group dynamics during evacuations.展开更多
The Trait Activation Theory(TAT)is widely regarded as the most influential personality theory approach in psychology.The purpose of this study is to analyze the TAT’s role in the contemporary workplace.Which personal...The Trait Activation Theory(TAT)is widely regarded as the most influential personality theory approach in psychology.The purpose of this study is to analyze the TAT’s role in the contemporary workplace.Which personality traits are more likely to predict work success?Which characteristics should businesses prioritize throughout the recruiting and selection processes?According to the Trait Activation Theory,what is the significance of motivation in the workplace and how can employers find employees who can be more productive,efficient,and involved in the organization’s goals?A systematic review of past recent research was used to answer the questions raised above.Following the gathering and examination of multiple recent publications on the issue,it was determined that the use of this model had a favorable impact on individual and group performance,working relationships,manager job performance,and workplace creativity.展开更多
文摘This paper examines transformational leadership theory and the relationship between transformational leadership and group performance as well. Transformational leadership asks leaders to understand the needs of followers and motivate followers for their overall development, which brings benefits to a group. It is hoped that this paper can contribute to comparative studies on Transformational leadership in the U.S. and China.
文摘营养风险或营养不良在急诊患者中普遍存在,可导致病死风险上升并造成疾病负担加重。但迄今为止,在急诊领域中,对营养风险的关注度明显低于其他专科。2016年多个国际性营养组织提出了全球领导人营养不良倡议(Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition,GLIM)。GLIM自提出以来,发展迅速,已成为进行营养诊断的主要方法学工具。与此同时,疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRGs)在中国已经快速普及,并成为新一轮医改的重要内容。在DRGs背景下,营养不良的诊断和干预对患者具有重要的临床和经济学意义。本文将基于GLIM标准结合DRGs的时代背景,从急诊患者的营养风险筛查、营养不良诊断、临床经济学效益以及急诊患者营养评估的未来发展方向等多方面的应用与研究进展进行评述,以期为广大急诊医务人员更好的理解急诊患者的营养评估提供借鉴。
基金The Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.CityU 11208119)a grant from CityU(Project No.SRG-Fd 7005769)supported this study.
文摘Grouping is a common phenomenon that occurs everywhere.The leader-follower relationship inside groups has often been qualitatively characterized in previous models using simple heuristics.However,a general method is lacking to quantitatively explain leadership in an evacuating group.To understand the evolution of single-group dynamics throughout an evacuation,we developed an extended social force model integrated with a group force.A series of single-group evacuations from a room were simulated.An information-theoretic method,transfer entropy(TE),was applied to detect predefined and undeclared leadership among evacuees.The results showed that the predefined leader was correctly detected by TE,suggesting its capability in measuring leadership based on time series of evacuees’movement information(e.g.,velocity and acceleration).When evacuees were grouped together,TE was higher than when they were alone.Leaders presented a monotonically increasing cumulative influence curve over the investigated period,whereas followers showed a diminishing tendency.We found that leadership emergence correlated with evacuees’spatial positions.The individual located in the foremost part of the group was most likely to become a leader of those in the rear,which concurred with the experimental observations.We observed how a large group split into smaller ones with undeclared leadership during evacuation.These observations were quantitatively verified by TE results.This study provides novel insights into quantifying leadership and understanding single-group dynamics during evacuations.
文摘The Trait Activation Theory(TAT)is widely regarded as the most influential personality theory approach in psychology.The purpose of this study is to analyze the TAT’s role in the contemporary workplace.Which personality traits are more likely to predict work success?Which characteristics should businesses prioritize throughout the recruiting and selection processes?According to the Trait Activation Theory,what is the significance of motivation in the workplace and how can employers find employees who can be more productive,efficient,and involved in the organization’s goals?A systematic review of past recent research was used to answer the questions raised above.Following the gathering and examination of multiple recent publications on the issue,it was determined that the use of this model had a favorable impact on individual and group performance,working relationships,manager job performance,and workplace creativity.
