The reform on electricity pricing mechanism is a critical problem in power market construction in China, and is in mutual supplementation and promotion with the latter. In particular, the pricing mechanism for electri...The reform on electricity pricing mechanism is a critical problem in power market construction in China, and is in mutual supplementation and promotion with the latter. In particular, the pricing mechanism for electricity fed into network and that for electricity transmission and distribution as well as the relationship between coal and electricity prices, etc. have to be studied in depth. This paper presents several solutions and suggestions to these problems.展开更多
The bond market is an important market for investment and financing in China’s economic sectors,and also an important part of the monetary policy framework.The internal transmission of bond market is an important par...The bond market is an important market for investment and financing in China’s economic sectors,and also an important part of the monetary policy framework.The internal transmission of bond market is an important part of market interest rate transmission,which iscritical to the effectiveness of monetary policy.However,few scholars have studied the characteristics of interest rate transmission in China.An in-depth study of the interest rate transmission mechanism and its dynamic evolution between different bond markets is conducive to clarify the pulse of transmission within Chinese bond market and to further unblock the transmission mechanism of monetary policy.From the perspective of system theory and based on the analysis method of Granger causality complex network,this paper finds that the interest rate transmission among various varieties in China’s bond market is relatively significant.Treasury bonds and CDB bonds are the two core bond varieties of interest rate transmission in the bond market.Simultaneously,this study concludes that the medium and long-term interest rate played a dominant role in the transmission of market interest rate during the easing phase of monetary policy,while the short-term interest rate played a dominant role in the transmission of market interest rate during the tightening phase of monetary policy.This paper also gives enlightenment and suggestions.展开更多
This work investigates the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of tannins extracted from wood for composite materials manufacturing. Sustainable knowledge (in terms of physico-chemical properties and behaviours...This work investigates the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of tannins extracted from wood for composite materials manufacturing. Sustainable knowledge (in terms of physico-chemical properties and behaviours) of the material is needed to further enhance its applications. The condensed tannins extracted from the Bark of Ficus platyphylla (BFP) and the Bark of Vitellaria paradoxa (BVP) were analyzed using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF), Mass Spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Mid-InfraRed (ATR-FT MIR) spectra in the ranges 1800 cm-1 and 600 cm-1, as well as using CP MAS 13C-NMR. It was found that, these two tannins are procyanidin/prodelphinidin and made up of catechin/epicatechin, gallocatechin/epigallocatechin units, fisetinidin, galloyl and carbohydrates residues. Furthermore, BFP and BVP tannin bonded particleboard densities lie in the range recommended by NF EN 326-1994 standard. The resins also yielded good internal bond strength results of the panels, above relevant international standard specifications minimum requirements for interior-grade panels. The Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Analysis (TEM/ EDXA) are showing the ultrastructure and reveal that most of the resin material appears to be in an amorphous phase mainly composed of carbon/oxygen with small amounts of K, Ca and Mg. These particles have a very irregular morphology.展开更多
针对电-碳市场协同发展关系不明和路径演变不清晰的问题,提出文献计量法分析两市场耦合机制。以电-碳市场耦合为主题,利用CiteSpace工具对1991—2022年Web of Science(WOS)数据库中2 563条文献数据展开关键词时间线分析,将电-碳市场耦...针对电-碳市场协同发展关系不明和路径演变不清晰的问题,提出文献计量法分析两市场耦合机制。以电-碳市场耦合为主题,利用CiteSpace工具对1991—2022年Web of Science(WOS)数据库中2 563条文献数据展开关键词时间线分析,将电-碳市场耦合研究划分为3个阶段,综述不同时期研究特点及重点团队研究贡献,并深入探讨电-碳市场耦合机理、耦合方式以及耦合效果。研究发现两市场运作相对独立,但关联密切,主要通过市场间价格传导、交易关联及信息交互等方式耦合。多市场耦合机制研究、低碳电力系统解决方案以及信息交互支撑技术将成为未来研究热点。展开更多
The discussions on the development of an electricity market model for accommodating cross-border cooperation remains active in Europe.The main interest is the establishment of market couplings without curtailing the f...The discussions on the development of an electricity market model for accommodating cross-border cooperation remains active in Europe.The main interest is the establishment of market couplings without curtailing the fair use of the scarce transmission capacity.However,it is difficult to gain mutual consensus on this subject because of the absence of convincing simulation results for the entire region.To achieve that,researchers need a common grid model(CGM)which is a simplified representation of the detailed transmission model which comprises aggregated buses and transmission lines.A CGM should sufficiently represent the inter-area power flow characteristics.Generally,it is difficult to establish a standard CGM that represents the actual transmission network with a suf-ficient degree of exactness because it requires knowledge on the details of the transmission network,which are undisclosed.This paper addresses the issue and reviews the existing approaches in transmission network approximation,and their shortcomings.Then,it proposes a new approach called the adaptive CGM approximation(ACA)for serving the purpose.The ACA is a datadriven approach,developed based on the direct current power flow theory.It is able to construct a CGM based on the published power flow data between the inter-connected market areas.This is done by solving the issue as a non-linear model fitting problem.The method is validated using three case studies.展开更多
文摘The reform on electricity pricing mechanism is a critical problem in power market construction in China, and is in mutual supplementation and promotion with the latter. In particular, the pricing mechanism for electricity fed into network and that for electricity transmission and distribution as well as the relationship between coal and electricity prices, etc. have to be studied in depth. This paper presents several solutions and suggestions to these problems.
基金Youth Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(71501175)。
文摘The bond market is an important market for investment and financing in China’s economic sectors,and also an important part of the monetary policy framework.The internal transmission of bond market is an important part of market interest rate transmission,which iscritical to the effectiveness of monetary policy.However,few scholars have studied the characteristics of interest rate transmission in China.An in-depth study of the interest rate transmission mechanism and its dynamic evolution between different bond markets is conducive to clarify the pulse of transmission within Chinese bond market and to further unblock the transmission mechanism of monetary policy.From the perspective of system theory and based on the analysis method of Granger causality complex network,this paper finds that the interest rate transmission among various varieties in China’s bond market is relatively significant.Treasury bonds and CDB bonds are the two core bond varieties of interest rate transmission in the bond market.Simultaneously,this study concludes that the medium and long-term interest rate played a dominant role in the transmission of market interest rate during the easing phase of monetary policy,while the short-term interest rate played a dominant role in the transmission of market interest rate during the tightening phase of monetary policy.This paper also gives enlightenment and suggestions.
文摘This work investigates the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of tannins extracted from wood for composite materials manufacturing. Sustainable knowledge (in terms of physico-chemical properties and behaviours) of the material is needed to further enhance its applications. The condensed tannins extracted from the Bark of Ficus platyphylla (BFP) and the Bark of Vitellaria paradoxa (BVP) were analyzed using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF), Mass Spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Mid-InfraRed (ATR-FT MIR) spectra in the ranges 1800 cm-1 and 600 cm-1, as well as using CP MAS 13C-NMR. It was found that, these two tannins are procyanidin/prodelphinidin and made up of catechin/epicatechin, gallocatechin/epigallocatechin units, fisetinidin, galloyl and carbohydrates residues. Furthermore, BFP and BVP tannin bonded particleboard densities lie in the range recommended by NF EN 326-1994 standard. The resins also yielded good internal bond strength results of the panels, above relevant international standard specifications minimum requirements for interior-grade panels. The Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Analysis (TEM/ EDXA) are showing the ultrastructure and reveal that most of the resin material appears to be in an amorphous phase mainly composed of carbon/oxygen with small amounts of K, Ca and Mg. These particles have a very irregular morphology.
文摘针对电-碳市场协同发展关系不明和路径演变不清晰的问题,提出文献计量法分析两市场耦合机制。以电-碳市场耦合为主题,利用CiteSpace工具对1991—2022年Web of Science(WOS)数据库中2 563条文献数据展开关键词时间线分析,将电-碳市场耦合研究划分为3个阶段,综述不同时期研究特点及重点团队研究贡献,并深入探讨电-碳市场耦合机理、耦合方式以及耦合效果。研究发现两市场运作相对独立,但关联密切,主要通过市场间价格传导、交易关联及信息交互等方式耦合。多市场耦合机制研究、低碳电力系统解决方案以及信息交互支撑技术将成为未来研究热点。
基金This work was funded by the Norwegian Centre of Offshore Wind Technologies(NOWITECH).
文摘The discussions on the development of an electricity market model for accommodating cross-border cooperation remains active in Europe.The main interest is the establishment of market couplings without curtailing the fair use of the scarce transmission capacity.However,it is difficult to gain mutual consensus on this subject because of the absence of convincing simulation results for the entire region.To achieve that,researchers need a common grid model(CGM)which is a simplified representation of the detailed transmission model which comprises aggregated buses and transmission lines.A CGM should sufficiently represent the inter-area power flow characteristics.Generally,it is difficult to establish a standard CGM that represents the actual transmission network with a suf-ficient degree of exactness because it requires knowledge on the details of the transmission network,which are undisclosed.This paper addresses the issue and reviews the existing approaches in transmission network approximation,and their shortcomings.Then,it proposes a new approach called the adaptive CGM approximation(ACA)for serving the purpose.The ACA is a datadriven approach,developed based on the direct current power flow theory.It is able to construct a CGM based on the published power flow data between the inter-connected market areas.This is done by solving the issue as a non-linear model fitting problem.The method is validated using three case studies.
