Moderating effect of corporate financialization on the impact of climate policy on corporate green innovation:Evidence from China

With intensifying global climate change,humanity is confronted with unparalleled environmental challenges and risks.This study employs the staggered difference-in-difference model to examine the relationship between climate policy and green innovation in the corporate financialization context.Using Chinese-listed company data from 2008 to 2020,our analysis reveals a favorable correlation between China’s carbon emission trading policy(CCTP)and advancements in green innovation.Furthermore,we find that the level of corporate financialization moderates this correlation,diminishing the driving effect of CCTP on green innovation.Additionally,results of heterogeneity analysis show that this moderating consequence is more evident in non-state owned and low-digitization enterprises compared with state-owned and high-digitization ones.Our findings contribute to the existing literature by clarifying the interaction between CCTP,green innovation,and corporate financialization.Our research provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to strengthen climate policies and encourages green innovation in different types of businesses.

The Influence of Christian Nationalism on U.S.Foreign Policy

This paper explores the influence of Christian nationalism on U.S.foreign policy,examining its historical roots,ideological foundations,and contemporary implications.Christian nationalism,an ideology that links Christianity with national identity,has shaped U.S.foreign policy in areas such as religious freedom,Middle East diplomacy,and national security.Through its emphasis on the moral duty to defend Christianity and its promotion of conservative social values,Christian nationalism has affected U.S.relations with countries around the world,particularly in the Middle East and with religious minorities.The paper discusses the complexities and controversies surrounding Christian nationalism,its impact on the U.S.’s global image,and the challenges it poses to religious pluralism.The future of Christian nationalism’s influence on U.S.foreign policy is uncertain,as societal shifts and evolving global dynamics may prompt a reevaluation of its role in shaping America’s international actions.Overall,the paper provides a nuanced analysis of how Christian nationalism has intertwined with U.S.foreign policy and how its influence might evolve in the future.

China’s alfalfa market and imports: Development, trends, and potential impacts of the U.S.-China trade dispute and retaliations

This study examines the development and trends of China’s alfalfa market and imports, identifies key factors for the rapid increase in China’s alfalfa imports, and discusses potential impacts of the U.S.-China trade dispute and retaliations on the alfalfa markets and trade in both nations. China’s rapid transition toward larger-scale commercial dairy production, with enhanced feed and cost management as well as quality and safety control, and its limited resources for high-quality alfalfa production are key factors for the dramatic increase in its alfalfa imports, from 19 601 metric tons in 2008 to 1.38 million metric tons(mmt) in 2018. While the United States dominated China’s alfalfa imports with an average share of 97.01% from 2007 to 2017, the share dropped to 83.76% in 2018 and 63.28% in January 2019 due to the trade dispute and retaliations started in 2018. China will likely remain a large importer of alfalfa because of both its growing demand and the comparative advantages of imported alfalfa in quality and price, but the imports from the United States will be highly affected by the ongoing trade dispute and negotiations. China is also expected to make more efforts to reduce its dependence on U.S. alfalfa through increased investment in domestic alfalfa production and identification of alternative sources of alfalfa and other hay imports.

China-U.S. Trade Agreement Needs Further Bilateral Cooperation

One of the events this Spring Festival is the signing of the phase-I trade agreement between China and the U.S.in Washington D.C..This agreement covers a wide range of issues including intellectual property rights,technology transfer and financial services.It also includes China’s commitment to make an additional purchases of U.S.goods and services with the value of USD 200 billion between 2020 and 2021.According to statistics from the U.S.Ministry of Commerce,U.S.exports to China amounted to USD 130.37 billion in 2017.

Characteristics and Trends of the Biden Administration’s Latin American Policy

Since taking office in 2021, US President Joe Biden has rectified former President Trump’s domestic and foreign policies. However, Biden has continued the Trump administration’s idea of “excluding China and protecting the courtyard,” which permeates the entire process of policy adjustment on Latin America. The purpose is to damage and hinder China–Latin America relations and cooperation. After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, the Biden administration intensified efforts to exclude extraterritorial forces represented by China and Russia that seek to regain control of the backyard to a greater extent. The Biden administration has made progress in easing the antagonism between the US and Latin America and repairing ally system in the western hemisphere, however, its efforts to reshape U.S.–Latin America relations have encountered many challenges.

A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Benefits Distribution in China-U.S. Trade during 1978-2007

The Sino-U.S. trade imbalance and the related debate on RMB appreciation have attracted much attention in recent years. Judging objectively, however, the trade imbalance does not necessarily result in an imbalance in the distribution of trade benefits. By analyzing the distribution of benefits in Sino-U.S. trade from 1978 to 2007, this paper finds that bilateral trade has brought positive benefits to both sides, differentially in terms of production and consumption. Simply put, China has gained benefits for production yet suffered in terms of consumption, whereas the opposite is true for the U.S.. Moreover, even during periods in which the U.S. experienced a trade deficit, its citizens gained larger total individual benefits than those in a period of trade surplus. We argue, therefore, that appreciation of the RMB would reduce the trade benefits for both sides by almost the same margin, bringing little benefit to the United States.

Health Technology and U.S. Medicare Policy in the Late 20th Century

Much of the history of the American Social Welfare movement has been directed to the identification and development of entitlement programs needed to strengthen the health and economy of even the neediest members of the society. The emergence of health technologies have precipitated and supported policy advances. The Medicare Act （Title XVIII the United States Social Security Act of 1935） as such an entitlement program, was originally directed to resolving the health coverage concerns of the elderly without families or finances to afford coverage. The program entered crises periods over rising costs and continuity of funding concerns. Many have been assisted, in the U.S., in addition to the aged population, by the development of Medicare entitlements. These entitlements have emerged during periods of social need often accompanied by health technology or service delivery innovation. The program benefits more than its constituents and contributes to the health of the overall society. This paper will provide both a historical overview of the conflicts and uncertainties weathered by the Medicare Act in the later quarter of the 20th Century in the U.S. （United States of America）. The paper will also explore the implications of changes in the technology of federal and state funding mechanisms along with demographic changes that offered the greatest challenges to the continuation of the Medicare Act as a mainstay of stable health coverage to millions of needy Americans, into the 21st century.

Prospect Analysis of the United States' Crude Oil Exports to the Asia-Pacific Region

At the end of 2015, the United States lifted a 40-year ban on crude oil exports, which has far-reaching implications for the global crude oil market and crude oil trade patterns. Since the release of crude oil exports, with the recovery of crude oil production and improved export infrastructure in the United States, U.S. crude oil exports have been growing rapidly, with an average of about one million barrels/day in 2017, making the U.S one of the major global crude oil exporters. Currently, the AsiaPacific region has replaced North America as the first major destination for U.S. crude oil exports. In light of future trends in the oil refining industry of the Asia-Pacific region, it will usher in a new wave of refinery operations around 2020 and crude oil imports will continue to grow rapidly. The American region, represented by the United States, will replace West Africa as the second largest source of crude oil imports to the Asia-Pacific region, and that energy trade cooperation between the Asia-Pacific region and the United States will continue to grow. In particular, for China, the United States will become an important source of crude oil imports for our country in the future, and the two countries will shift from the past of energy competition to energy cooperation. Sino-US energy trade will play a more active role in economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.

Readjustment in U.S. Foreign Policy

At the dawn of the new century, the Republicans returned to the White House after eight years in opposition. When President George W. Bush and his foreign policy team were striving to realize their diplomatic ambition, the events of September 11 led them to readjust their foreign policy, thereby a remarkable feature can be seen in Mr. Bush’s initial diplomacy.

China Responds to Trade Tensions Responsibly

IN March 2018, the United States slapped tariffs of 25 percent on steel imports and 10 percent on aluminum in the name of national security under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. Then, the Office of the United States Trade Representative released a report on the investigation of China under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, claiming China＇s acts, policies, and practices regarding technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation are “unreasonable and discriminatory, and burden U.S. commerce.”

Phase-One Trade Deal Signed by China and U.S.

A phase-one trade deal was signed by China and the U.S.on January 15.Tariff relief,increased agricultural purchases by China,and an agreement on intellectual properties and technology issues were part of this phaseone deal.The U.S.agreed to roll back on tariffs currently in place over several phases.Following months of trade tensions and negotiations,the trad e deal bodes well for the world’s two largest economies into the first quarter of 2020.

China's Scarce Mineral Resources Trade Policy Shall Follow the Pace of the Times

In the past two years,due to weak global economic recovery and manufacturing downturn,the world mineral market continued to slump.As a result,scarce minerals have also been seriously affected.On one hand。

美国水质标准体系及其对我国水环境保护的启示

美国拥有世界上体系最完善、科学性最强的水质标准体系,对其进行了解和研究将对推进我国水质标准体系的发展起到积极作用。美国水质标准由指定用途、水质基准和反降级政策三部分组成,文章重点对美国水质基准的发展历程及现状、指定用途的规定、反降级政策的内在涵义与实施办法等进行了系统介绍和分析。在概述我国水质标准和水环境功能区划的研究进展和现状的基础上,针对我国水质标准实施中存在的一些问题,根据美国的水质标准体系提出一些启示性建议,为我国形成完整的水质标准体系提供参考。

奥巴马内阁、党派性与中美贸易发展走势

当前,美国贸易政策的制定过程中充斥着浓厚的党派性色彩,两党对待贸易议题的态度针锋相对,这使得美国贸易自由化的进程严重受阻。刚刚宣誓就职的民主党总统立足未稳,党派纷争愈演愈烈,金融危机又对美国经济造成了巨大的冲击,在此背景下,自由贸易更是受到了前所未有的挑战。在未来,中美双方只有通过友好的对话来解决双边贸易中存在的问题,积极诚恳地审视自身经济政策的缺陷,双边贸易才能走上健康发展之路,为两国经济发展做出应有的贡献。

我国服务贸易高质量发展评价指标体系的构建与实施路径

探究了服务贸易高质量发展的内涵,从国际视角对服务贸易发展的评价指标进行了对比分析,阐述了中国现有服务贸易数据统计和评价指标中存在的问题;从兼顾开放与安全、优化协调贸易结构、创新驱动服务升级、提升国际竞争力、可持续发展等五个层面,针对服务贸易高质量发展评价指标体系进行了探索与构建。提出中国服务贸易高质量发展的实施路径:即坚持扩开放和强监管相统一,促进服务贸易业态规范发展;提高生产性服务业出口比重、降低市场集中度,促进服务贸易结构进一步优化;打造服务贸易发展的生态系统,促进服务贸易长期持续发展;积极拓展服务贸易新业态、新制度,促进服务贸易创新发展;以供给侧改革提高服务品质,提升服务贸易国际竞争力。

中美经贸关系：近还是远？--基于货物贸易、服务贸易和FDI国际比较的视角

笔者基于1999年～2009年的数据，运用贸易结合度指数并把它扩展到服务贸易和FDI，构建经贸关系指数，从货物贸易、服务贸易和FDI等方面实证分析中国在美国41个经贸伙伴中的相对经贸关系。研究表明，美国与中国的进口贸易联系较紧密，总的经贸关系并不紧密；美中两国在货物贸易、服务出口贸易和FDI流出方面疏密关系的变化趋势不同，但总的经贸联系趋向疏远。研究还显示，美国与中国、法国、瑞典、意大利、中国香港、挪威、泰国和德国的经贸关系差异性较小，美国与中国、法国在货物贸易、服务贸易和FDI方面的关系最为类似。

中美双边货物贸易自然资本的生态足迹分析

本文旨在从自然资本的角度分析中美从双边货物贸易中获得的生态利益,自然资本以生态足迹(EF)测度,并采用产品用地系数矩阵(PLUM)方法计算。本文构造商品贸易量向量、用地转换系数矩阵及等价因子向量,并建立矩阵算式,测算1992年至2010年中国向美出口及从美进口的全部商品的EF值,进而分析双边货物贸易EF值的贸易特征。结果表明:①中国实际用地EF贸易条件改善,但中国的实际用地丰裕度降低,为实现出口商品的结构提升,中国付出如下代价:碳汇用地EF贸易条件恶化、出口EF结构碳化、从碳汇用地净进口国转变为碳汇用地净出口国。②美国的碳汇用地EF贸易条件改善、出口EF结构绿化,美国用实际用地换取中国的碳汇用地。长期以来,中国出口商品结构提升并未考虑自然资本的代价。制成品、机电产品出口的增长同时也意味着中国为贸易伙伴国提供碳汇用地的负担加重。我们应该认真思考如何在制成品、机电产品出口增长与生态资源保护之间寻求平衡,如何尽量减少产品出口所付出的生态资源代价。

新形势下政府气候变化政策对国际贸易的影响

随着气候问题成为国际社会最为关注的话题之一,气候变化、国际贸易以及政府气候政策之间的关系也引起了人们的思考。在阐述国际贸易与气候变化之间相互关系的基础上,文章论述了多边贸易体制与气候变化政策潜在的一致性与冲突性,并介绍了各国政府所采取的气候变化政策类型及其对国际贸易的影响,最后提出了我国政府应对气候变化、促进贸易发展的立场与措施。