The Paris Agreement proposed to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ abovepre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃ above pre-industriallevel...The Paris Agreement proposed to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ abovepre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃ above pre-industriallevels. It was thus the first international treaty to endow the 2 ℃ global temperature target with legal effect.The qualitative expression of the ultimate objective in Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change （UNFCCC） has now evolved into the numerical temperature rise target in Article 2 of theParis Agreement. Starting with the Second Assessment Report （SAR） of the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-mate Change （IPCC）, an important task for subsequent assessments has been to provide scientific informa-tion to help determine the quantified long-term goal for UNFCCC negotiation. However, due to involvementin the value judgment within the scope of non-scientific assessment, the IPCC has never scientifically af-firmed the unacceptable extent of global temperature rise. The setting of the long-term goal for addressingclimate change has been a long process, and the 2 ℃ global temperature target is the political consensuson the basis of scientific assessment. This article analyzes the evolution of the long-term global goal foraddressing climate change and its impact on scientific assessment, negotiation processes, and global low-carbon development, from aspects of the origin of the target, the series of assessments carried out by the 1PCCfocusing on Article 2 of the UNFCCC, and the promotion of the global temperature goal at the political level.展开更多
As the international community place high value on the ocean,protecting the marine environment and promoting the sustainable development of the ocean have become the consensus of all countries around the world.Integra...As the international community place high value on the ocean,protecting the marine environment and promoting the sustainable development of the ocean have become the consensus of all countries around the world.Integrated ocean management,as an important part of the ocean governance mechanism within the framework of the United Nations,have approached to the scene view of human gradually.Taking the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as the framework,the current international integrated ocean management is summarized and the future development trend of ocean management is analyzed,providing reference for China to build a maritime power and a maritime community with shared future.展开更多
The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UNWC) contains a negotiation framework for transboundary water rights. However, it is a subjective document ope...The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UNWC) contains a negotiation framework for transboundary water rights. However, it is a subjective document open to a wide range of possibilities and interpretations. Water Rights Allocations (WRAs) as described by Dinar and Nigatu (2013) and Dinar and Tsur (2017) provide a limited number of quantifiable allocation possibilities based on the UNWC. It is suggested that this methodology streamlines the negotiation process and reduces the effects of hydro hegemony. These methodologies are explored and applied through a case study on the Orontes River Basin.展开更多
Marine rights and interests is an important part of national sovereignty, it is also an important part of national interests. At present, the maritime economy and coastline security of China is facing some new situati...Marine rights and interests is an important part of national sovereignty, it is also an important part of national interests. At present, the maritime economy and coastline security of China is facing some new situation and challenges. In view of the strategic significance and maritime situation of ocean development, it needs to work out a feasible ocean strategy of China from the need of safeguarding the interests of the whole country urgently. We must establish the maintenance strategies of China＇s marine rights and interests in order to realize the sustainable development of marine fights and interests.展开更多
The archipelagic waters system is stipulated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It is closely related to China＇s marine legislation and maritime law enforcement. It is not only related to the int...The archipelagic waters system is stipulated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It is closely related to China＇s marine legislation and maritime law enforcement. It is not only related to the integrity of our country＇s national sovereignty, but also to the maintenance of our maritime rights and interests. However, there is no comprehensive fundamental law governing the overall situation of marine development in our country, also no relevant legal code on the archipelagic waters system. Therefore, we should learn from the world＇s marine legislation and practice which the archipelagic waters system was written into China＇s marine legislation.展开更多
文摘The Paris Agreement proposed to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ abovepre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃ above pre-industriallevels. It was thus the first international treaty to endow the 2 ℃ global temperature target with legal effect.The qualitative expression of the ultimate objective in Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change （UNFCCC） has now evolved into the numerical temperature rise target in Article 2 of theParis Agreement. Starting with the Second Assessment Report （SAR） of the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-mate Change （IPCC）, an important task for subsequent assessments has been to provide scientific informa-tion to help determine the quantified long-term goal for UNFCCC negotiation. However, due to involvementin the value judgment within the scope of non-scientific assessment, the IPCC has never scientifically af-firmed the unacceptable extent of global temperature rise. The setting of the long-term goal for addressingclimate change has been a long process, and the 2 ℃ global temperature target is the political consensuson the basis of scientific assessment. This article analyzes the evolution of the long-term global goal foraddressing climate change and its impact on scientific assessment, negotiation processes, and global low-carbon development, from aspects of the origin of the target, the series of assessments carried out by the 1PCCfocusing on Article 2 of the UNFCCC, and the promotion of the global temperature goal at the political level.
文摘As the international community place high value on the ocean,protecting the marine environment and promoting the sustainable development of the ocean have become the consensus of all countries around the world.Integrated ocean management,as an important part of the ocean governance mechanism within the framework of the United Nations,have approached to the scene view of human gradually.Taking the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as the framework,the current international integrated ocean management is summarized and the future development trend of ocean management is analyzed,providing reference for China to build a maritime power and a maritime community with shared future.
文摘The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UNWC) contains a negotiation framework for transboundary water rights. However, it is a subjective document open to a wide range of possibilities and interpretations. Water Rights Allocations (WRAs) as described by Dinar and Nigatu (2013) and Dinar and Tsur (2017) provide a limited number of quantifiable allocation possibilities based on the UNWC. It is suggested that this methodology streamlines the negotiation process and reduces the effects of hydro hegemony. These methodologies are explored and applied through a case study on the Orontes River Basin.
文摘Marine rights and interests is an important part of national sovereignty, it is also an important part of national interests. At present, the maritime economy and coastline security of China is facing some new situation and challenges. In view of the strategic significance and maritime situation of ocean development, it needs to work out a feasible ocean strategy of China from the need of safeguarding the interests of the whole country urgently. We must establish the maintenance strategies of China＇s marine rights and interests in order to realize the sustainable development of marine fights and interests.
文摘The archipelagic waters system is stipulated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It is closely related to China＇s marine legislation and maritime law enforcement. It is not only related to the integrity of our country＇s national sovereignty, but also to the maintenance of our maritime rights and interests. However, there is no comprehensive fundamental law governing the overall situation of marine development in our country, also no relevant legal code on the archipelagic waters system. Therefore, we should learn from the world＇s marine legislation and practice which the archipelagic waters system was written into China＇s marine legislation.
