From Rejection to Embracement:The Catholic Perception of Spiritism in Brazil

The history of the relationship between Spiritism and Catholicism in Brazil can be traced through pivotal moments in the trajectory of the First Republic and the religious field since the 19th century,reflecting Brazil’s evolution into a modern,urban,and industrial society.Introduced to Brazil in the 1880s,Spiritism initially faced severe opposition from the Catholic Church,being dismissed as superstition and demon worship due to its engagement with death and spirits.Unlike Christianity,Spiritism denies the divinity of Jesus,the resurrection,and the sanctity of Church sacraments,viewing demons and angels merely as disembodied souls at different spiritual stages.Early perceptions were further complicated by the mixing of Spiritism with African and indigenous rites,which led critics to associate it with madness and mental health threats.However,the relationship between Catholicism and Spiritism in Brazil has evolved positively,particularly following the popularization of Spiritism by figures like Chico Xavier.Modern Brazilian society,characterized by increased education and religious syncretism,has grown more tolerant of diverse practices and beliefs,diminishing historical prejudices against Spiritists.This qualitative study,drawing on scholarly research and first-hand interviews,reveals that Spiritism's acceptance among Brazilian Catholics is due to its convergence with contemporary social values and the evolving profile of the average Catholic.Despite possessing a religion-like character,Spiritism is seen less as a distinct religion and more as a complementary set of practices and beliefs that enhance Catholic faith.This phenomenon mirrors the integration of Agama Hindu practices,reinforcing rather than undermining traditional religious identities.

Analysis of the Spirit of Struggle in the New Era Based on General Secretary Xi Jinping’s New Year’s Greetings in the Past Decade

In order to realize the national rejuvenation,General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the spiritual strength of struggle,and has repeatedly advocated that all people should exalt the spirit of strive on different occasions.According to his New Year’s greetings since 2014,Xi Jinping has illustrated the connotation of the spirit of enterprising,the necessity of carrying forward and the requirements for practicing the spirit of struggle from different perspectives,pointing out that all Chinese must keep in mind both domestic and international situations,strive in unity,work creative and industrious with the enthusiasm of seizing every minute,catch the opportunity and solve the problem,make substantial progress on the new journey to construct China into a great modern socialist country in all respects.

The Value Implication and Practical Path Yan'an Spirit into Middle School Education

During the Yan’an period,the Chinese Communists cultivated and formed the Yan’an spirit.The main contents of the Yan’an spirit include the firm and correct political direction,the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts,the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly,and the entrepreneurial spirit of self-reliance and hard work.The Yan’an spirit has played an important role in various periods of China’s revolution,construction,and reform.In the current era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,it is essential to extract the educational value of the Yan’an spirit.By incorporating the Yan’an spirit into middle school education,students can adhere to the correct political orientation,adhere to their ideals and beliefs,adhere to mind emancipation and seeking truth from facts,adhere to the people-centered approach,and adhere to self-reliance.The integration of the Yan’an spirit into classroom teaching,campus activities,project-based learning,and study trips plays a vital role in educating students about the Yan’an spirit,contributing significantly to the cultivation of successive generations of socialist builders and successors.

A Meta-analysis of the spirit turtle eight method Acupuncture Therapy for Insomnia

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the spirit turtle eight method acupuncture therapy in the treatment of insomnia,to better serve the clinic and provide reference ideas for the treatment of insomnia.Methods:Search CNKI,CBM,Wanfang,Weipu,China Clinical Trial Registry databases on the use of the spirit turtle eight method compared with others interventions to treat insomnia.The search period is from the library until August 1,2021,two researchers will conduct independent quality evaluation and effect size extraction on the literature,and use STATA16.0 and Review5.3 to conduct Meta analysis and quality evaluation on the literature.Through screening,a total of 18 eligible documents participated in the meta-analysis,with a total of 1583 cases.Results:①The effective rate of the spirit turtle eight method in the treatment of insomnia is higher than the control group[RR=1.213,95%CI(1.155,1.274),Z=7.71,P<0.01];②The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score is lower than other acupuncture treatments[WMD=-2.33,95%CI(-2.75,-1.91),Z=10.97,P<0.01];③The one-month follow-up PSQI score after the treatment of insomnia by the spirit turtle eight method is lower than the control group[WMD=-3.263,95%CI(-3.446,-3.080),Z=34.96,P<0.01];④No studies have reported serious adverse reactions in the treatment group and control group.Conclusion:Based on the current research,the spirit turtle eight method are better than the control group in the treatment of insomnia,and are suitable for clinical application.However,more high-quality clinical studies are still needed to prove its efficacy.

Activities of 2023‘SCO Summer'Culture and Tourism Week Showcase the"Shanghai Spirit"

2023"SCO Summer"China-Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)National Culture and Tourism Promotion Week aims at carrying forward the"shanghai Spirit",implementing the Global Civilization Initiative,and strengthening exchanges and cooperation between China and other Sco countries in the fields of culture and tourism.

The Comparative Study of Chuangtse’s English Translations Under the Theory of Spirit Transmission and Meaning Conveyance

Cultural-loaded word is one of the most popular topics in translation studies.The theory of spirit transmission and meaning conveyance provides a new way for the translation of cultural-loaded word.Based on the A Happy Excursion,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the translation strategies of seven English versions.This study will reveal the similarities and differences between Chinese and foreign translators’translation strategies.

Experimental analysis of the pore structure, relative permeability, and water flooding characteristics of the Yan'an Formation sandstone, southwestern Ordos Basin

The oil and gas potential of the Yan'an Formation in the Ordos Basin has yet to be fully tapped. In this study, the pore structure, mobile fluid saturation, and water flooding micro-mechanism of the Yan'an Formation sandstone are systematically studied through the application of a series of rock physics and fluid experiments. The results show that there is a good positive correlation between porosity and permeability, and the reservoirs are divided into types Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ. Mercury injection tests show that the average pore throat radius of the oil-bearing reservoir ranges from 1 to 7 μm. The displacement pressure of the Yan'an Formation is also relatively low, and it decreases from 0.1 MPa to 0.01 MPa as the rock porosity increases from 11% to 18%. NMR tests show that small (diameter <0.5 μm) and medium pores (diameter ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 μm) are predominant in the reservoir. Different types of reservoirs have different characteristics of relative permeability curve. In addition, when the average oil recovery rate is less than 1 ml/min, the oil displacement efficiency increases faster. However, when the average oil recovery rate is between 1–3.5 ml/min, the oil displacement efficiency is maintained at around 27%–30%. Physical properties of the reservoir, pore-throat structure, experimental pressure difference, and pore volume injected — all have significant effects on oil displacement efficiency. For Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ reservoirs, the increase of the pore volume injected has a significant effect on oil displacement efficiency. However, for Type Ⅲ reservoirs, the change of pore volume injected has insignificant effect on oil displacement efficiency. This study provides a reference for the formulation of estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) measures for similar sandstone reservoirs.

Integration of the Historical Initiative Spirit into the Ideological and Political Course of Colleges and Universities : Value Implication, Main Contents and Practical Dimension

The value implication,main contents and practical dimension of integrating the historical initiative spirit into the ideological and political course of colleges and universities were studied.From the perspective of value implication,integrating the historical initiative spirit into the ideological and political course of colleges and universities is helpful to promoting the integrity and innovation of the ideological and political course in colleges and universities,deepening the historical cognition of students and building the cornerstone of students belief.From the perspective of main contents,teachers of ideological and political course should clarify the theoretical connotation of the historical initiative spirit,give a thorough exposition of the generation logic of the historical initiative spirit,and explain The Times value of the historical initiative spirit lively.From the perspective of practical dimension,it is necessary to give full play to the educational function of the historical initiative spirit by enriching the content of curriculum teaching,innovating the ways and methods of education and teaching,integrating theory and practice,and online and offline interaction.

Research on the Cultivation Path of Craftsmanship Spirit in Vocational Colleges: from the Perspective of Skills Competition

The spirit of craftsmanship is gaining increasing attention from both society and the education community.Along with professional knowledge,continuous research,and innovation have become decisive factors in determining the quality of products.In this context,vocational colleges strive to cultivate high-quality skilled talents,making the cultivation of craftsmanship spirit a crucial component of vocational education.This study explores the cultivation path of craftsmanship spirit through the lens of skills competitions,with a special emphasis on developing students’perseverance.The research conclusions of this article hold significant reference value for the implementation of vocational education policies.

Research on the Integration Path of Taihang Spirit and Music Education Major in Colleges and Universities

A key strategy for raising students’humanistic aptitude is through music education.Culture is the soul of music and the source of innovation in music education.Under the current social education concept,it is advocated to carry forward excellent traditional and red culture in teaching,hence this paper further explores the path of integrating red culture into music education.The incorporation of the Taihang spirit,the most representative cultural resource in Shanxi,into music education in colleges and universities will promote the concept of Lide Shuren,further enhance students’training,and enable students to fulfill the dual education requirements.

Research on the Cultivation Path of Craftsmanship Spirit Among Vocational College Students

With the continuous progress of science and technology,the speed of technology iteration in enterprise production line and the demand for comprehensive quality among workers are increasing.Companies not only require their employees to have excellent skills,but also require them to be rigorous and meticulous,possess excellence,and carry out continuous innovation of the craftsman spirit.The talent training goal in vocational colleges is to supply high-quality skilled talents to the society.Vocational colleges have an important duty to cultivate the spirit of craftsmanship in students through multiple paths.Through in-depth analysis of previous research results,we carried out a study on the cultivation path of craftsmanship spirit.The results of this study may provide reference for the development of moral education in vocational colleges.

Picturing the Times

A man with his face painted to appear like a spirit,participates in the He Neak Ta ritual in Phum Boeung village,northwest of Phnom Penh,Cambodia,on June 11.Cambodian villagers took part in a rare traditional guardian spirit ceremony praying for good fortune,rain,and prosperity as part of efforts to preserve this ancient tradition.

Culture Enriches a Better Life in the New Era

In 2023,the building of a strong cultural country made solid progress,and constantly met the new spiritual and cultural requirements of the people,achieving in adding passion,substantiality and implications to the happy life in the new era.

Research on the Ideological and Political Education in the Curriculum of Human Resource Management in China

Based on the teaching concept of “Ideological and Political Education in the Curriculum”, taking the curriculum of “Human Resource Management” as an example, this paper explores the reform of ideological and political education design from the perspective of moral education objectives and teaching contents. The course takes “carrying forward the craftsmanship spirit” as the main line, and takes” constructing a pattern of high-quality education” as the main task, which not only cultivates students’ professional skills in human resource management, but also integrates ideological and political elements into all modules of human resource management, pays attention to students’ ideological trends and attaches importance to students’ ideological education. In the teaching content, the course introduces ideological and political elements such as craftsmanship spirit, entrepreneurship spirit and Chinese traditional culture. In the recruitment and selection section, the importance of craftsmanship spirit is emphasized, and talents who strive for excellence and excellence are advocated for selection. In the performance management section, combined with entrepreneurial spirit, the value of innovation driven and efficient execution is explored. When discussing about employee development, it is important to integrate socialist core values and balance individual and collective interests. In the chapter of corporate culture, we will delve into the essence of traditional Chinese culture, such as team harmony, integrity, and professionalism to cultivate a good organizational atmosphere. Ideological and political education in the curriculum of Human Resource Management uses case analysis, group discussions and other forms to enhance students’ political identity, ideological identity and emotional identity, so as to deepen students’ professional ideal and ethics education.

From Differential Mode of Association to Tianxia Worldview:A Study on Chinese Entrepreneurial Spirit

China has made significant strides in economic and social development since reform and opening up over the past four decades.This process has been influenced by the exceptional innovation and entrepreneurship of Chinese business leaders,as well as their profound sentiments of compassion for the world and their country.It is of great significance to foster and promote an entrepreneurial spirit with distinctive Chinese characteristics.Not only is such spirit essential to the high-quality development of enterprises and the economy,but it is also a critical impetus for achieving Chinese modernization.Nevertheless,there is still a paucity of adequate theoretical discourse on the cultural origins and entrepreneurial spirit of outstanding Chinese business leaders.This paper employs the classical grounded theory method to conduct a 10-year follow-up research on 11 representative entrepreneurs and their enterprises.The results indicate that these entrepreneurs exhibit an evolving worldview along the paths of“self-cultivation and moral conduct”,“assisting employees to achieve”,“multilateral symbiosis”,and“the oneness of existence”when interacting with themselves,employees,partners,the general public,and all things in nature.Such entrepreneurial spirit is embodied in this paper as the“Tianxia(all-under-heaven)worldview”.Through theoretical construction,this study defines the concept of“Tianxia worldview”and extensively examines the distinctions and connections between the broadminded“Tianxia worldview”and the kinship-centered“differential mode of association”in terms of internal structure,value orientation,and applicable groups.It is posited that the transition from the former to the latter is a continuous process of transcendence and evolution of the individual mindset.This study has theoretical significance in the context of advancing the research on the Chinese entrepreneurial spirit,transcending the constraints of the management approach based on the“differential mode of association”,and enhancing the research on social responsibility from the perspective of“benefit corporations”.It also has practical value in overcoming the trust dilemma and development impediment of family businesses,ensuring that enterprises consciously fulfill their social responsibilities in a broader social context,and achieving common prosperity and progress for both enterprises and society.

The history,research,and application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)guidance techniques in the clinical management of chronic

Traditional Chinese guidance techniques are an important part of traditional Chinese medicine and involve integrating three aspects:essence,energy,and spirit,while combining physical movement,breath control,and mental regulation.Traditional Chinese guidance techniques include Tai Chi,Eight Section Brocade,Five Animal Frolics,Yi Jin Jing,and Liu Zi Jue,among others.In recent years,an increasing number of clinical studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of guidance techniques on promoting health and well-being safely.This study provides a systematic and comprehensive summary and analysis of the research on the application of Traditional Chinese guidance techniques in the management of chronic diseases,offering valuable insights for future clinical research directions and the integration of these techniques into medical practice.

Analysis of Viewing Paintings from the Perspective of Iconography

Distinguished from purely formalistic research methods,iconography pursues the interpretation of the hidden historical and humanistic connotations behind artworks,and is a discipline that combines visual text and content analysis methods.Combining the three stages of iconography proposed by Panofsky,the paper studies Shizeng Chen’s Viewing Paintings from the perspective of iconography,summarizing the formation and change of the images and contents of the artworks in the cultural system and civilization at that time,as well as their implied ideology,and analyzing the hidden spirit of the times and the historical significance behind them,so as to expound their iconographic significance.Through an in-depth discussion at three levels:pre-pictorial iconographic description,iconographic analysis,and iconographic interpretation,the facts and surface contents reproduced in the images,the traditional level of literary,artistic,and cultural knowledge,as well as the interpretation of the potential meanings are revealed.

An Analysis of Huck's Rebellious Spirit in Mark Twain's the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the most famous works of Mark Twain. It is a story about a white boy Huck who helps a black slave Jim to get rid of misery life. He is so outright,kind-hearted,and pure that showes big difference with the rigid and cruel society.Through an analysis of Huck's rebellious spirit,this paper intends to reveal the violent conflict between the traditional concept and Huck's kind consciousness,and to lead a deep thinking of social problems such as social discrimination,social morals,etc. In the meantime,the title character's strong rebelling feature plays an important role in the future literary writing. Huck has become the antihero in American literature. Furthermore,Huck wants for freedom and natural life. He isn't afraid to break the laws of society. This kind of rebellion of spirit even has a realistic sense at present days.

A Study on the “Innovation and Entrepreneurship” Talents Cultivation Model for Business English Majors in Higher Vocational Colleges Guided by Craftsman Spirit

This paper systematically combs the core ideas of the craftsman spirit at home and abroad,inherits the traditional crafts?man spirit of our country,and at the same time absorbs the nourishing parts of foreign countries.This paper studies the goal,cur?riculum system,teaching method,assessment system and management system of the“Double Creation”—the innovation and en?trepreneurship spirits—education for business English majors.