Impacts of multi-scenario land use change on ecosystem services and ecological security pattern: A case study of the Yellow River Delta

The Yellow River Delta(YRD), a critical economic zone along China's eastern coast, also functions as a vital ecological reserve in the lower Yellow River. Amidst rapid industrialization and urbanization, the region has witnessed significant land use/cover changes(LUCC), impacting ecosystem services(ES) and ecological security patterns(ESP). Investigating LUCC's effects on ES and ESP in the YRD is crucial for ecological security and sustainable development. This study utilized the PLUS model to simulate 2030 land use scenarios, including natural development(NDS), economic development(EDS), and ecological protection scenarios(EPS). Subsequently, the InVEST model and circuit theory were applied to assess ES and ESP under varying LUCC scenarios from 2010 to 2030. Findings indicate:(1) Notable LUCC from 2010 to 2030, marked by decreasing cropland and increasing construction land and water bodies.(2) From 2010 to 2020, improvements were observed in carbon storage,water yield, soil retention, and habitat quality, whereas 2020–2030 saw increases in water yield and soil retention but declines in habitat quality and carbon storage. Among the scenarios, EPS showed superior performance in all four ES.(3) Between 2010 and 2030, ecological sources, corridors, and pinchpoints expanded, displaying significant spatial heterogeneity. The EPS scenario yielded the most substantial increases in ecological sources,corridors, and pinchpoints, totaling 582.89 km^(2), 645.03 km^(2),and 64.43 km^(2), respectively. This study highlights the importance of EPS, offering insightful scientific guidance for the YRD's sustainable development.

Saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta: amelioration zonation based on GIS

Soil salinization is one of the major land degradation types and has greatly influenced sustainable agricultural development. Zonation of saline-alkali land is the precondition for effective amelioration. The present situation of saline-alkali land is monitored by remote sensing image processing. Causes for land salinization are analyzed, especially the two key factors, ground water depth and its mineralization degree, are analyzed by using long-term observation data. Previously, zonation of saline-alkali soil was made descriptively and artificially. Based on the present situation of saline-alkali land, ground water depth and ground water mineralization degree, the zonation of saline-alkali land for amelioration in the Yellow River Delta was completed quantitatively. Four different types of saline-alkali land amelioration zones are delineated, namely, easy ameliorated zone, relatively difficult ameliorated zone, difficult ameliorated zone and unfavorable ameliorated zone. Countermeasures for ameliorating saline-alkali soils are put forward according to ecological conditions of different saline-alkali land zones.

Study on Land Use Changes in the Yellow River Delta from 1980 to 2010

Taking the Yellow River Delta for example, this paper applied remote sensing and GIS to explore land use changes in the local area from 1980 to 2010. The results showed that arable land, and urban and rural construction land were major land use types in the Yellow River Delta, unused land also took a large ratio; land use changes occurred mainly in coastal regions, in terms of change matrix, 25.46% of the grassland was reclaimed as arable land, unused land also witnessed great changes, specifi cally, 11.14% turned to arable land, 23.25% to construction land. This study provided references for the land use planning and development of the local area.

Biogenic Sedimentary Structures of the Yellow River Delta in China and Their Composition and Distribution Characters

The biogenic sedimentary structures （i.e., the morphology and trace makers of burrows, tracks, trails and traces made by extant organisms） and their composition and distribution characters in different micro environments and sub environments of the Yellow River delta in China are described. Three ichnocoenosis can be recognized： （1） Steinichnus-like ichnocoenosis, includes F, Y-shaped traces, birds＇ footprints on bedding plane, and Y, U-shaped burrows in intrastratal bedding, produced by Coleoptera （Heteroceridae）, Orthoptera （Gryllotalpidae） and birds. It is majorly found at the delta plain point bar deposits, denoting the fresh water-related terrestrial environments. （2） Steinichnus-Psilonichnus-like ichnocoenosis, consitsis of Steinichnus-like traces on the bedding plane and Psilonichnus-like burrow which a vertical, irregularly J-, Y-, or U-shaped burrows, some of them with bulbous basal cells burrows in the intrastratal bedding, created by Coleoptera （Heteroceridae）, Orthoptera （Gryllotalpidae） and crabs. It is observed in the delta plain abandoned distributary channels, and the delta front tidal creek and subaquous distributary channels, indicating the brackish water environment. （3） Palaeophycus-like ichnocoenosis, includes the round entrance burrows or with craters-shaped loop-protrusionsand and the parallel forked trails on the bedding plane, and the U, J or vertical shaped feeding burrows are in the intrastratal bedding, majorly produced by the clam （bivalve molluscs）, gastropods and Nereis. It is present in the subaqueous interdistributary bay, reflecting the intertidal related environment.

The Shengli I Point Bar on the Yellow River Delta: Three-Dimensional Structures and Their Evolution

Point bars are well developed on the Yellow River delta, an~ which theShengli I point bar is the most typical. The point bar, being about 4 km in length and several tensto more than 100 meters in width, is located on the south side of the Shengli Bridge in KenliCounty, Dongying, Shandong. It is a typical fine-grained point bar with silt, which is predominant,some clay and minor plant debris and clay boulders. The Shengli I Point bar has complicated 3-Dstructures. Firstly, in a plane view, it comprises mainly eight sedimentary units, bar edge, baredge, bar platform, bar plain, bar channel, bar gully, bar pond and bar bay, developing side by sideand superimposed one by one m a complex way. Secondly, its vertical structures are very complex dueto the partial superimposition of the 8 sedimentary units. Besides hydatogenesis, very intensivewind erosion, eolian, ice and meltwater actions are also visible on the Shengli I point bar. Thecomplex form is made even more complicated because of the above co-actions.

Project of “Three Networks Greening” based on optimal allocation in the Yellow River Delta,China (Dongying section)

We have used the Yellow River Delta （Dongying section） as our study area to address the project of ＂Three Networks Greening＂ （TNG）. With the use of GIS technology and from an ecological point of view, an optimal allocation scheme of land resources is constructed and applied to guide the adjustment of land resources. Given this scheme, we have calculated that the area of land suitable for forest and shrubs without greening is 2256 km^2. Simultaneously, acting on the layout of the TNG project, afforestation site types are prepared and improved. Soil types, microrelief, salinity and underwater levels are combined as major classification factors and irrigation conditions as a reference to classify sites into eight types. In this way, land suitable for forest and grass is afforested given particular planting patterns. Finally, by overlaying this forestry site type map with the TNG plan map, some suggestions and strategies are proposed and used to direct the TNG project. An ecological oasis of the Yellow River Delta should be the result.

Geospatial-temporal analysis of land-use changes in the Yellow River Delta during the last 40 years

Comprehensive study on land-use change of spatial pattern and temporal process is the key component in land use/land cover changes (LUCC) study nowadays. According to the theories and methods of Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) for geospatial and temporal analysis and integration models of spatial pattern and temporal processes in GIS, the paper puts forward Tupu methodology of land-use change and names the basic synthetic unit of spatial-temporal information Tupu unit. Tupu unit is the synthetic unit for geospatial-temporal analysis, which is synthesized by “space·attribute·process”features and composed of relatively homogeneous geographic unit and temporal unit. Based on the spatial features of 4 stages of land-use change in 1956, 1984, 1991, and 1996, a series of Tupu on land-use change in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) are created and studied in the paper, which includes 3 temporal units of spatial-temporal Tupu, process Tupu of land-use changes during the last 40 years, and reconstructions of a series of “arisen”Tupu, “arisen”process Tupu and pattern Tupu on land-use changes in the last 40 years by remapping tables of a reclassifying system. There are 3 methods of Tupu analysis on land-use change that are used to disclose change processes of land-use spatial conversion in YRD, such as spatial query and statistics, order of Tupu units by area and land-use conversion matrixes. In order to reveal the spatial pattern of land-use change processes, we analyze spatial-temporal changes of each Tupu above in various temporal units and spatial difference of pattern Tupu in the last 40 years by dynamic Tupu units. Tupu analysis on regional land-use is a promising trial on the comprehensive research of “spatial pattern of dynamic process”and “temporal process of spatial pattern”in LUCC research. The geo-information Tupu methodology would be a powerful and efficient tool on integrated studies of spatial pattern and temporal process in geoscience.

Bioturbation Patterns in the Modern Subaqueous Yellow River Delta and Their Implication for Sedimentary Environment Changes

Bioturbation is one of the important processes that affect the structure and function of sedimentary environments.The particle mixing and element migration processes caused by bioturbation can interfere with the circulation of matter and the explanation of sedimentary records.Therefore,the quantitative characterization of bioturbation structures in the sedimentary sequence is of great significance in the field of sedimentology.Estuaries,where fresh and saltwater mix,exhibit high ecological heterogeneity and biodiversity,making them ideal places to explore bioturbation.This paper targets the subaqueous Yellow River Delta to quantitatively characterize bioturbation structures and their spatial distribution patterns using computed tomography(CT)scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction technology.By combining sediment characteristics and sedimentary environment analysis,the main factors affecting bioturbation structures are elucidated.The results show that bioturbation structures in the subaqueous Yellow River Delta can be divided into four types based on their morphology:uniaxial type,biaxial type,triaxial type,and multiaxial type.Skolithos,Palaeophycus in the uniaxial type,and Thalassinoides in the multiaxial type are the most developed structures.Different types of bioturbation may be constructed by trace-making organisms belonging to the same category or functional group.The intensity of bioturbation in this area ranges from 0 to 4%,with a decreasing trend from nearshore to offshore.There is a downward decreasing trend in the intensity of bioturbation overall in the sedimentary cores,with three vertical distribution patterns:exponential decay pattern,fluctuating decay pattern,and impulsive pattern.The impulsive pattern of bioturbation in a core may indicate the abrupt change in sedimentary environment induced by the Yellow River channel shift in 1996.These results suggest that factors affecting the development of bioturbation include grain size,porosity,consolidation,organic matter content of sediments,and sedimentation rate that is mainly influenced by local hydrodynamic conditions.The environment with clayey silt(average grain size 10μm)and moderate sedimentation rate(around 0.5 cm yr^(-1))is the most suitable area for the development of bioturbation in the Yellow River subaqueous delta.

Analysis of relationships between land surface temperature and land use changes in the Yellow River Delta

This study analyzed land use and land coverchanges and their impact on land surface temperature usingLandsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 8 OperationalLand Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor imagery of theYellow River Delta. Six Landsat images comprising twotime series were used to calculate the land surfacetemperature and correlated vegetation indices. The YellowRiver Delta area has expanded substantially because of thedeposited sediment carried from upstream reaches of theriver. Between 1986 and 2015, approximately 35% of theland use area of the Yellow River Delta has beentransformed into salterns and aquaculture ponds. Overall,land use conversion has occurred primarily from poorlyutilized land into highly utilized land. To analyze thevariation of land surface temperature, a mono-windowalgorithm was applied to retrieve the regional land surfacetemperature. The results showed bilinear correlationbetween land surface temperature and the vegetationindices （i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,Adjusted-Normalized Vegetation Index, Soil-AdjustedVegetation Index, and Modified Soil-Adjusted VegetationIndex）. Generally, values of the vegetation indices greaterthan the inflection point mean the land surface temperatureand the vegetation indices are correlated negatively, andvice versa. Land surface temperature in coastal areas isaffected considerably by local seawater temperature andweather conditions.

Spatial and Temporal Pattern Changes and Driving Forces:Analysis of Salinization in the Yellow River Delta from 2015 to 2020

China’s Yellow River Delta represents a typical area with moist semi-humid soil salinization,and its salinization has seriously affected the sustainable use of local resources.The use of remote sensing technology to understand changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of salinization is key to combating regional land degradation.In this study,a feature space model was constructed for remote sensing and monitoring land salinization using Landsat 8 OIL multi-spectral images.The feature parameters were paired to construct a feature space model;a total of eight feature space models were obtained.An accuracy analysis was conducted by combining salt-loving vegetation data with measured data,and the model demonstrating the highest accuracy was selected to develop salinization inversion maps for 2015 and 2020.The results showed that:(1)The total salinization area of the Yellow River Delta displayed a slight upward trend,increasing from 4244 km^(2) in 2015 to 4629 km^(2) in 2020.However,the area’s salting degree reduced substantially,and the areas of saline soil and severe salinization were reduced in size;(2)The areas with reduced salinization severity were mainly concentrated in areas surrounding cities,and primarily comprised wetlands and some regions around the Bohai Sea;(3)Numerous factors such as the implementation of the“Bohai Granary”cultivation engagement plan,increase in human activities to greening local residential living environments,and seawater intrusion caused by the reduction of sediment contents have impacted the distribution of salinization areas in the Yellow River Delta;(4)The characteristic space method of salinization monitoring has better applicability and can be promoted in humid-sub humid regions.

基于Landsat的黄河三角洲地区土地利用变化动态监测

土地利用的动态监测及其影响因子的分析,有助于了解地区发展的一般特征及趋势,提高城市用地规划的科学性与合理性。本文以黄河三角洲为研究区,基于RS技术,利用3期Landsat遥感影像(2009、2015和2019年),采用监督分类方法提取了黄河三角洲地区的土地利用类型,依据提取结果对10年间土地利用类型进行了动态变化监测与分析。结果表明,2009—2019年期间,盐田、建筑用地和耕地的面积持续增加,分别增加了952.56、605.99和302.54 km^(2);盐碱地、植被、滩涂与水产池塘等地类面积持续减少,分别减少了1033.56、377.53、110.77和336.14 km^(2);其他地类面积或有增减,变化不大。

黄河三角洲地面沉降研究进展与未来展望

黄河三角洲是我国成陆时间最短的大型河口三角洲,由于其发育背景特殊、地质环境系统不稳定以及人类活动影响,地面沉降较为显著,引发了诸多环境问题,对自然环境和社会经济发展产生了严重威胁。从监测技术和成因机理角度出发,系统综述了黄河三角洲地区的地面沉降现状:(1)黄河三角洲地面沉降受新生地层自然压实、人为建筑重力压实、河流陆源输入减少、地下水与卤水开采、石油天然气开采以及海洋动力作用相对增强等多重因素影响,需要更详细、更系统地研究,特别是定量分离人为与自然因素在地面沉降的贡献方面,需要与其他学科如地质、岩土、力学、数学等交叉进行综合定量分析;(2)黄河三角洲地面沉降的长时空尺度的持续监测与分析、历史周期分析与未来判断分析需加强,尤其要重视海陆相互作用对地面沉降的长期和短期影响的研究;(3)地面沉降勘查、监测和精度研究及沉降评估和环境影响监测研究,尤其是海岸带退蚀与地面沉降之间的耦合关系等问题仍待深入。在今后研究黄河三角洲地面沉降的过程中,应更加注重理论模型的深入探究和新技术方法的实践,机理研究应扩展至多种模型研究;预测灾害时,应扩展到与地面沉降问题较为紧密的地面开裂、断层以及地裂缝等研究上。此外,还应对地面沉降的社会经济影响和环境影响等方面做出更多探索和实际应用。全面系统深入地了解黄河三角洲地面沉降现象,可为有效地实施三角洲生态保护和资源开发提供理论依据,具有重要的科学意义和社会经济价值。

黄河三角洲滨海湿地碳储量及其对未来多情景的响应

黄河三角洲作为我国暖温带最年轻、保存最完整的滨海湿地生态系统,在全球气候变化以及区域人类活动加剧的背景下,海平面上升和地面沉降加剧使得地区生态安全受到严重威胁。基于1991—2020年8期土地利用/覆被数据,使用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(InVEST)碳储量模块系统评估黄河三角洲过去30年的土地利用/覆被和碳储量时空变化特征,并进一步耦合海水淹没模型和斑块生成土地利用变化模拟软件(PLUS)预测生态保护、自然发展和经济发展三种情景下黄河三角洲2035和2050年土地利用/覆被和碳储量格局。结果表明:1991—2020年间,碳储量累计减少107.94万t,降幅为8.12%,自然湿地和非湿地碳储量分别减少386.66和18.56万t,人工湿地碳储量增加297.27万t。2035和2050年,黄河三角洲分别约有4.47%—11.58%和6.20%—17.42%的陆地会被海水淹没,导致未来黄河三角洲多情景模拟中碳储量均减少,到2035年生态保护、自然发展和经济发展情景下碳储量分别减少了42.38万t、76.68万t和119.50万t,到2050年三种情景碳储量分别减少了59.30万t、119.02万t和187.01万t,同时期生态保护情景下碳储量减少速率最小。黄河三角洲应坚持可持续发展,加强高碳储量土地利用/覆被类型的生态保护,通过回填开采区等方式减少地面沉降速率,并在可能被淹没的区域建设沿海堤坝以预防海水淹没,从而减少黄河三角洲的碳储量损失。研究指出了海水淹没会导致巨大的碳储量损失,可为黄河三角洲未来提高固碳增汇作用提供数据支撑和理论基础。

不同有机改良剂对盐碱地菊芋产量及土壤理化性质的影响

试验在黄河三角洲典型盐碱地上进行,以菊芋品种南芋1号为供试材料,设置不施肥对照(CK)、常规施肥(F)、商品有机肥(M)、生物炭基调理剂(T1)、抗盐调理剂(T2)共5个处理,研究不同有机改良剂对菊芋苗期生物量、块茎产量及土壤主要理化性质的影响。结果表明:施用有机改良剂对盐碱地菊芋苗期干物质量和成熟期地下块茎产量影响显著,其中T1处理菊芋苗期干物质量和成熟期块茎产量最高,较CK、F处理分别显著提高76.4%、36.2%和38.7%、25.1%。与CK相比,T1处理菊芋苗期0~30 cm土层土壤pH值显著下降;M、T1和T2处理较CK和F处理显著降低菊芋苗期0~20 cm土层土壤水溶性盐含量,降幅达8.3%以上,且T1优于M和T2处理;菊芋收获后,M、T1和T2处理0~10 cm土层土壤有机质含量较CK分别显著提高15.1%、20.7%和21.0%,T1处理显著增加0~20 cm土层土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,M处理显著增加0~20 cm土层土壤有效磷和速效钾含量。综上,施用生物炭基调理剂对改良土壤盐碱化、促进壮苗培育、提高菊芋产量效果较优。

1980—2020年黄河三角洲碳储量动态及驱动因素

滨海湿地生态系统在缓解全球气候变暖方面具有重要作用。研究滨海湿地碳储量动态变化及其影响因素,可以有效地评估湿地碳汇能力,对科学管理和保护滨海湿地生态系统以及推动碳达峰碳中和具有重要意义。以黄河三角洲为例,使用InVEST模型对1980—2020年碳储量动态变化及其主要影响因素进行研究。结果表明:①1980—2020年黄河三角洲碳储量先增加后减少,总体表现为减少趋势,即由1.561×107 t减少至1.556×107 t,1990—2020年碳储量损失量最大,为1.310×10^(6)t(-7.8%)。其中,1980—1990年碳储量年际变化量为+1.3×10^(5)(tC/a),1990—2010年为-6.5×10^(4)tC/a,2010—2020年为-2.0×10^(3)tC/a。②碳储量表现出明显的区域差异,低值区主要分布在湿地沿海滩涂,中值区主要分布在湿地向陆延伸区域,高值区则分布在二者之间以及黄河沿岸。③碳储量减少的主要原因是土地利用类型由草地和湿地向建设用地、盐田和养殖区的转变。其次,防潮堤坝建设通过改变植被、土壤性质及海陆水文连通性等也影响碳储量时空分布,尤其是碳储量会随着与坝距离的增加而增加。因此,黄河三角洲碳汇增强的关键是加强生态保护和恢复,使土地利用向有利于生态保护的方向发展和转变。

围垦开发下滨海湿地格局演变的自然-人为复合驱动过程

滨海湿地具有重要的生物多样性保护价值及生态功能,围垦开发下经济快速增长的同时滨海湿地生态受损且大面积丧失。探究自然-人为复合影响下格局演变的关键驱动机制,可以为区域的生态保护和高质量发展提供指示。以围垦开发影响剧烈的黄河三角洲为研究区,克服了当前研究中驱动力的时空动态表征以及湿地格局演变的综合驱动时空交互机制研究的不足,研究构建了一套基于土地利用变化轨迹分离自然和人为驱动并表征湿地格局演变的动态驱动过程的方法,为区域尺度有效评估外界干扰对滨海湿地的影响提供了更加全面的支持。结果表明:尽管黄河三角洲滨海湿地格局演变的驱动过程轨迹类型多样,但主要受少数类型影响,以单一围垦开发为主。各驱动过程间存在着不同程度的时空交互,伴随围垦、修复、逆向演替过程的发生和转换,新生湿地的淤积及生态系统演替的自然增长过程被阻断,甚至可能对已修复湿地产生负面影响,区域湿地持续减少;人为驱动过程的影响远大于自然驱动过程,人为、自然及自然-人为复合驱动的湿地格局演变面积占比分别为55.5%、26.1%和18.4%。研究结果指示应严格管控部分生境敏感区的滩涂围垦,未来难以避免的滨海开发活动应由陆向海逐步推进,采用与新生湿地淤长方向一致的“滚动开发”模式,在兼顾经济效益的同时,维护滨海湿地生态系统的完整性和演替的连续性。

黄河三角洲柽柳人工林土壤微生物群落结构及多样性分析

【目的】探究黄河三角洲不同林龄柽柳人工林对土壤微生物群落结构特征及多样性的影响,对评价人工林土壤质量动态变化和后期栽培管理具有重要意义。【方法】以无林地(WLD)和3种不同林龄(TC3a、TC8a、TC12a)的柽柳人工林为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,对土壤细菌和真菌群落结构及多样性变化进行分析。【结果】3种林龄及无林地土壤微生物数量均表现为细菌>真菌,随着林龄的增加,优势菌群未发生改变。林龄对土壤细菌和真菌群落α多样性的影响有限,其中细菌Chao1index、ACE index和Shannon指数表现为TC8a>TC3a>TC12a,而真菌Shannon指数和Simpson指数则表现为TC3a>TC8a>TC12a。细菌的群落组成数量在门、纲、目、科、属水平上与真菌存在显著差异,其中细菌的群落组成在各个分类水平上均表现为TC12a>TC8a>TC3a>WLD,而真菌则表现不规律,但均以TC3a数量最多。土壤微生物优势群落和主要群落组成基本一致,但在相对丰度上存在一定差异。其中细菌群落中变形菌门Proteobacteria和unidentified Bacteria相对丰度均超过10%,是优势菌门,而真菌群落中,子囊菌门Ascomycota的相对丰度均超过45%,是绝对优势菌门。林龄变化对土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构特征均存在一定影响,其中土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、铵态氮、有效磷及速效钾含量随着林龄的增长而增加,且均高于WLD,而土壤含盐量则表现出相反的变化规律。冗余分析表明,不同林龄的微生物群落受养分影响明显,细菌群落中土壤全氮、铵态氮和真菌群落中盐分、有机碳、全氮、全磷,分别是影响细菌和真菌群落变化的主要环境因子。【结论】柽柳人工林调控了滨海盐碱地土壤微生物群落结构,提高了土壤微生物多样性,改善了土壤理化性质,但对林龄的响应变化不规律。

黄河三角洲自然保护区土壤多环芳烃赋存与微生物群落结构相关性分析

为探究黄河三角洲自然保护区土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)赋存及其与微生物群落结构之间的相关性,本研究以网格布点法选取黄河三角洲自然保护区60个表层土壤样本测定PAHs,并根据保护区功能区的划分选取6个不同区域测定土壤微生物,利用相关性分析和蒙特卡洛排列检验PAHs和微生物群落的关系。结果表明,在黄河三角洲自然保护区内,西北部土壤PAHs含量高于东南部,土壤PAHs对微生物种群影响较大,且与多数细菌和古生菌在门水平上呈极显著正相关。其中,二苯并[a,n]蒽(DBA)与拟杆菌门、芘(Pyr)与变形菌门、苯并[k]荧蒽(BkF)与厚壁菌门、苯并[g,h,I]芘(BgP)与深古菌门、苯并[b]荧蒽(BbF)与奇古菌门、DBA与广古菌门之间呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.846、0.912、0.710、0.731、0.649、0.596。DBA、Pyr和Phe对细菌影响较大,Phe、Pyr和Ace对古生菌影响较大。可见,在PAHs胁迫下细菌和古生菌丰度皆有不同程度增加,表现出一定的PAHs降解潜力。

黄河三角洲重度盐碱地甜高粱品种筛选和配套施肥技术研究

为了探索重度盐碱地甜高粱的种植技术,为黄河三角洲重度盐碱地甜高粱的栽培推广提供理论依据和技术支持,本研究以中国科学院科甜系列甜高粱品种为研究对象,针对重度盐碱地,从种植品种、肥料配比和有机肥类型3个方面开展了试验。结果表明:在重度盐碱地种植科甜13、科甜22、科甜41、科甜42、科甜43这5个甜高粱品种,科甜41产量最高,达到82.87 t/hm^(2);其次是科甜13,产量为66.28 t/hm^(2)。在重度盐碱地肥料配比试验中,基肥施用复合肥300 kg/hm^(2)+有机肥15 t/hm^(2)处理、有机肥30 t/hm^(2)处理、复合肥300 kg/hm^(2)+有机肥30 t/hm^(2)处理均能显著提升重度盐碱地甜高粱产量,基肥施用有机肥30 t/hm^(2)处理产量最高,达到73.16 t/hm^(2),较不施肥对照增产64.0%。在重度盐碱地有机肥类型试验中,施用牛粪、有机肥和海藻肥均能提升重度盐碱地甜高粱产量,在相同投入成本下,施用海藻肥处理产量最高,为67.88 t/hm^(2),较不施肥对照增产39.8%。综上考虑,在黄河三角洲重度盐碱地可选择科甜13和科甜41两个耐盐碱甜高粱品种,基肥施用普通有机肥或者牛粪15 t/hm^(2)以上同时配施复合肥,有机肥可选择微生物有效活菌数≥5亿个/g的高品质海藻肥替代普通有机肥进行甜高粱种植,能获得较高的产量。