Regional agricultural landscape pattern changes along the Yellow River in Henan Province from 1987 to 2002

Agricultural landscape along the riparian zones is designated as important landscape components for partly controlling water quality, biodiversity, as well as for their aesthetic role in landscapes. Therefore, the change of agricultural landscape along the riparian zones is at the top of the agenda for many policy makers and landscape planners. As a basis for conservation management, sufficient information about landscape structure should be provided. In the present study, we reconstructed the former landscape structure and elucidated the changes in landscape patterns during a period of about 15 years. Two sets of maps were used： a landsat-5 TM image （1987） and landsat-7 ETM image （2002）. The frequency index, landscape diversity index and landscape fragmentation index were calculated for analyses. The results showed that： （1） the areas of the irrigated land, river, forest and beach landscape classes presented a decreasing trend while the areas of landscape classes of pool, paddy fields, dry land and construction land increased. （2） Disturbed by human activity, landscape diversity index increased but landscape fragmentation index decreased. In short, Human activities have had important influences on agricultural landscape of the riparian zones along the Yellow River in Henan Province.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE YELLOW RIVER'S PALEOCHANNELS IN NORTH SHANDONG PLAIN

According to buried depth, the Yellow Rver's Paleochannels can be divided into ground Paleochannels (buried depth 0-8m) and shallowburied Paleochannels theried depth 8-50m). Each of them can be roughly divided into three major Paleochannel belts, stretching Parallel with each other from SW to NE. Sedimentary layers of the paleochannels were mainly made up by sand levee of meanders or natural leavee deposits, and the flooding sedments were found bebeen the layers. The paleochannels in North Shadong Plain were formed in three stags; stage I (buried depth 50-15m) in later period of late Pleistocene-early period of Holocene, stag II (20-8m) in earlymiddle period of HOlocene; and stag III (8-0m) in midddle-late period of Holocene.

Ecological Environment Problems and Countermeasures of Small and Middle-sized Rivers in Shandong Province

Water uses in small and middle-sized rivers, and non-ecological treatment model has deteriorated local environment in Shandong. The research reviewed ecological environment status quo of small and middle rivers and concluded existing problems. Finally, ecological treatments were proposed based on treatments at home and abroad in order to improve eco-environment of rivers and build better Shandong.

Sedimentary Evolution of the Holocene Subaqueous Clinoform off the Southern Shandong Peninsula in the Western South Yellow Sea

Based on the stratigraphic sequence formed since the last glaciation and revealed by 3000 km long high-resolution shallow seismic profiles and the core QDZ03 acquired recently off the southern Shandong Peninsula, we addressed the sedimentary characteristics of a Holocene subaqueous clinoform in this paper. Integrated analyses were made on the core QDZ03, including sedimentary facies, sediment grain sizes, clay minerals, geochemistry, micro paleontology, and AMS 14 C dating. The result indicates that there exists a Holocene subaqueous clinoform, whose bottom boundary generally lies at 15–40 m below the present sea level with its depth contours roughly parallel to the coast and getting deeper seawards. The maximum thickness of the clinoform is up to 22.5 m on the coast side, and the thickness contours generally spread in a banded way along the coastline and becomes thinner towards the sea. At the mouths of some bays along the coast, the clinoform stretches in the shape of a fan and its thickness is evidently larger than that of the surrounding sediments. This clinoform came into being in the early Holocene(about 11.2 cal kyr BP) and can be divided into the lower and upper depositional units(DU 2 and DU 1, respectively). The unit DU 2, being usually less than 3 m in thickness and formed under a low sedimentation rate, is located between the bottom boundary and the Holocene maximum flooding surface(MFS), and represents the sediment of a post-glacial transgressive systems tract; whereas the unit DU 1, the main body of the clinoform, sits on the MFS, belonging to the sediment of a highstand systems tract from middle Holocene(about 7–6 cal kyr BP) to the present. The provenance of the clinoform differs from that of the typical sediments of the Yellow River and can be considered as the results of the joint contribution from both the Yellow River and the proximal coastal sediments of the Shandong Peninsula, as evidenced by the sediment geochemistry of the core. As is controlled mainly by coactions of multiple factors such as the Holocene sea-level changes, sediment supplies and coastal dynamic conditions, the development of the clinoform is genetically related with the synchronous clinoform or subaqueous deltas around the northeastern Shandong Peninsula and in the northern South Yellow Sea in the spatial distribution and sediment provenance, as previously reported, with all of them being formed from the initial stage of the Holocene up to the present.

Palaeofloods recorded by slackwater deposits on the Qishuihe River in the Middle Yellow River

Palaeoflood hydrological study is a frontal subject of global change study. Using sedimentology, geomorphology and OSL dating methods, the typical palaeoflood slackwater deposits were studied in the Qishuihe River valley. The results showed that five flooding episodes with 21 palaeoflood events occurred during 4300-4250 a B.P., 4250-4190 a B.P., 4190-4100 a B.P., 4100-4000 a B.P. and 3100-3010 a B.P., respectively, during the Holocene period. The palaeoflood peak discharges were calculated with hydrological models. With a combination of the gauged flood, historical flood and palaeoflood hydrological data, the archives of flood events were extended to over 10,000 years in the Qishuihe River valley, and the flood frequency-peak discharge relationship curve was established accurately. These research results played important roles in mitigating flood hazard, hydraulic engineering and also the development of water resources in the semiarid Weihe River basin.

A STUDY ON THE WATER RESOURCES AND SEDIMENT PROBLEMS IN THE IRRIGATED AREA OF NORTHWEST SHANDONG PROVINCE

There are very serious water and sediment problems in the irrigated areas of northwest Shandong Province. In upper reaches of the irrigated area, the Yellow River water are widely used for farmland watering while leaving the ground water unusedion. But in the lower reaches, there is not enough surface water to be channeled for irrigation, so the ground water has always been over extracted, in some parts of the lower reaches, the descending water table caused the formation of funnel. Siltation in canals are very difficult to be cleared up, the drop of agriculture yield in the sandy land close to the channel head and along the main channels impair the living conditions of the local people. The conflicts between the excessive dependence on the Yellow River and the decreasing tendancy of water amount provided by the Yellow Ricer forces the local government to find new ways to solve the water resource problems. The answer could be: Using new technique for the irrigated system, pay more attention to the ground water development, and the construction and maintenance of wells.

A Study on Ecological Management for the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan

Promoting ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin is a major national strategy that is planned and promoted by President Xi Jinping.As an important ecological formation in the Yellow River Basin and an important part of the“China Water Tower,”the Sichuan part of the Yellow River Basin plays an important role in ecological management of the whole basin.Therefore,based on the present situation and the rich experience of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan,this study puts forward a feasible plan for long-term ecological management of the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan.

Effects of topography on the sub-tidal circulation in the southwestern Huanghai Sea(Yellow Sea)in summer

A nested circulation model system based on the Princeton ocean model （POM） is set up to simulate the currentmeter data from a bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Profiler （ADP） deployed at the 30 m depth in the Lunan（South Shandong Province, China） Trough south of the Shandong Peninsula in the summer of 2008, and to study the dynamics of the circulation in the southwestern Huanghai Sea （Yellow Sea）. The model has reproduced well the observed subtidal current at the mooring site. The results of the model simulation suggest that the bottom topography has strong steering effects on the regional circulation in summer. The model simulation shows that the Subei （North Jiangsu Province, China）coastal current flows north- ward in summer, in contrast to the southeastward current in the center of the Lunan Trough measured by the moored currentmeter. The analyses of the model results suggest that the southeastward current at the mooring site in the Lunan Trough is forced by the westward wind-driven current along the Lunan coast, which meets the northward Subei coastal current at the head of the Haizhou Bay to flow along an offshore path in the southeastward direction in the Lunan Trough. Analysis suggests that the Subei coastal current, the Lunan coastal current, and the circulation in the Lunan Trough are independent current systems con- trolled by different dynamics. Therefore, the current measurements in the Lunan Trough cannot be used to represent the Subei coastal current in general.

Temporal and spatial evolution of surface sediments characteristics in the Dagu River estuary and their dynamic response mechanism

Based on the 39 surface sediment samples collected in the flood season and the dry season in 2012 respectively and the measured hydrological data in October 2012, the sediment grain size characteristics has been analyzed and the response mechanism of surface sediments to estuarine hydrodynamics was revealed by calculating the range of waves and tidal currents. The results show that:(1) The grain size of the surface sediment samples decreased gradually from land to sea in the flood season. The fine sediment was redistributed under marine hydrodynamics in the dry season and the sediments showed coarser tendency ingeneral;(2) tidal current stirring sediment was very obvious in Dagu River estuary area, and wave stirring sediments mainly occurred in the tidal flat area and estuary sand bar area;(3) in the flood season, surface sediment sat the estuary were transported towards south and southeast. In the dry season, surface sediments were transported towards southwest at the north area of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, and sediments were transported towards northeast area at the south of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge.

A numerical study of the summer circulation in the southwestern Yellow Sea

The Regional Ocean Modeling System（ROMS） is used to study the summer circulation in the southwestern Yellow Sea（SWYS）. The modeled currents show good agreement with observations from both drifters and moorings. While the summer current in the SWYS flows consistently northeastward on the surface with large magnitude offshore, the current below the surface layer features a cyclonic circulation roughly along the 25 m isobath. The effect of a surface wind stress and bottom thermal fronts on the circulation is investigated through a series of process-oriented numerical experiments. It is found that the southeasterly wind dominates the surface current, whereas the bottom thermal fronts, which are formed in a transition area between the vertically well-mixed region and the stratified region, are responsible for the cyclonic circulation below the surface.

基于Google Earth Engine的河南省引黄受水区不透水面时空演变

为了解决城镇化发展中不透水面增大导致的城市洪涝、热岛效应等问题,对不透水面的提取方法和时空演变特征进行研究。基于Google Earth Engine云平台和时序Landsat卫星遥感影像,采用随机森林分类法构建河南省引黄受水区1990—2020年不透水面数据集,并选取面积增长率、扩张强度等指标分析不透水面的变化特征,避免了传统提取方法耗时耗力、无法处理大量数据的缺点。结果表明:河南省引黄受水区不透水面面积呈逐年增大趋势,其中2020年不透水面面积最大,为7598 km^(2);生产总值、人口数量与不透水面面积的拟合优度分别为0.980、0.912,表明不透水面面积与生产总值和人口数量成正相关关系。

黄河流域(山东段)工业用地错配时空格局与应对策略

以黄河流域(山东段)9个设区市所辖77个区县为研究单元,利用2011—2020年山东省供地信息库中的工业用地供应数据,以及同期工业经济统计数据,分析黄河流域(山东段)工业用地供应与工业利润总额时空变化特征,通过空间错配指数分析工业用地错配时空格局,并从科学配置、存量挖潜、提质增效和层级协同4个方面提出应对策略。研究对于实现黄河流域(山东段)土地资源高效利用与聚集区域高质量发展具有重要意义。

山东省黄河三角洲水生耐盐药用植物资源调查与分析

对山东省黄河三角洲地区水生耐盐药用植物的种类、生活型及对应药材入药部位、药性、功效进行统计调查分析。共调查到野生水生耐盐药用植物299种。根据恩格勒分类系统,这些植物隶属于76科204属;生活型以草本型为主,共222种。以299种药用植物为基源的药材共338种,其中全草入药药材144种,占药材种类数的42.60%;平性药材最多,共85种;苦味药、甘味药和辛味药数量较其他药味具有明显优势;以功效分类,清热药、利水渗湿类、活血化瘀类、化痰止咳类、止血药和补虚药占优势。针对水生耐盐药用植物特点,结合该区域自然状况,提出了合理开发和综合利用的建议。

黄河流域(山东段)村镇聚落文化景观基因识别指标体系构建

黄河流域(山东段)村镇聚落孕育了丰富独特的文化景观,建立识别指标体系对其文化景观基因进行挖掘整理,对在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略背景下赓续传统文化具有重要意义。结合景观基因理论的研究成果和对国家有关政策法规文件的剖析,在历史景观视角下对黄河流域(山东段)的村镇聚落开展深入的文化景观田野调查、典籍研究等,提出具有针对性的文化景观基因识别指标体系构建逻辑,通过“识别对象—识别因子—识别指标”解析出13项识别因子、40项识别指标,为黄河流域村镇聚落文化景观识别全覆盖提供新的思路与方法。

黄河流域山东段国土空间格局演变及驱动因素研究

以黄河流域山东段为研究区,结合2000—2020年土地利用数据和社会经济统计数据,从规模特征、动态变化和分布特征等方面对国土空间时空演变格局进行多维度定量分析,并采用地理探测器探析其驱动因素。结果表明:(1)规模特征方面,除乡村生活空间规模相对稳定外,其他各类国土空间增减特征显著;(2)动态变化方面,不同国土空间类型间的动态变化差异明显,且各区县单元综合动态度呈现东北高、西南低、中部突出的特征;(3)分布特征方面,各国土空间面积变化具有显著的空间集聚特征,这一特征在2010—2020年相对减弱;(4)驱动因素方面,研究区国土空间面积变化受到地形地貌、水热状况、区位情况以及社会经济等多种因素的共同影响,自然环境因素是国土空间格局演变的重要地理基础,社会经济发展则发挥着关键的推动作用。

传统村落保护与发展评价体系构建与实证——以河南省黄河流域传统村落为例

以乡村地域系统理论为指导,结合大量调研工作实践,将传统村落视为由传统建筑、历史文化、资源环境、社会经济4个要素所构成的复杂乡村地域系统。在此基础上,遵循评价体系构建原则,参考层次分析法、五级记分法等方法,构建了包括4项准则和25个评价指标的传统村落保护与发展评价体系,对河南省黄河流域15个中国传统村落保护与发展的现状进行了评价检验,对部分传统村落进行了对比分析。结果表明:该评价体系具有数据易得、计算简便等特点,并具有较好的适用性和良好的效度。

黄河流经省域国家级自然保护区管理成效评估

开展自然保护区管理成效评估是实现保护管理目标的有效途径,但我国现有管理评估多集中于单一、同类型、同省域内的自然保护区,对中大型尺度多类型自然保护区管理成效的评估较少。黄河流经省域分布着许多国家重点生态功能区,国家级自然保护区作为生态屏障的重要基础,在维持区域生态安全方面具有突出作用。为促进区域生态保护和高质量发展,本文通过构建5类共26项的管理成效评估指标体系,采用基于证据的专家打分法,评估了黄河流经省域内82处国家级自然保护区2016—2020年间的管理成效,在识别影响管理成效关键因素的基础上提出了针对性的对策建议。结果表明:①2016年以来,黄河流经省域82处国家级自然保护区管理成效总体较好,优秀率达26.83%,良好率达64.63%,主要体现在管理主体、本底调查、保护对象等指标的平均得分较高。②Spearman相关分析表明,管理级别越高、建立越早,公共服务、规章制度、经费保障等方面越完善的保护区管理成效越好;此外,基础设施与日常巡护,科研监测与科普宣教、信息化建设,社区关系与生态修复、保护对象指标间存在显著正相关;③管理成效的短板主要体现在人才建设、综合执法、社区发展、人类干扰等方面,建议有关单位在人才队伍、行政执法、生态补偿等方面加以完善,以提升管理效果。

基于灰色关联模型的沿黄区域山东段生态安全综合评价及时空演化

以沿黄区域山东段为例,建立PSR模型构建生态安全评价指标体系,借助熵权法和灰色关联度模型对其2000—2018年展开生态安全综合评价,并进行时空演变分析。结果显示,整体上沿黄区域山东段生态安全水平呈现出波动中上升的趋势,由“不安全”向“比较安全”转变,子系统中生态响应和生态状态增加的幅度高于生态环境压力增大的幅度,生态环境有所好转;市级尺度下,山东段17地市生态安全水平有所提高,呈现出“下降-上升-下降”的倒“N”字形演变,生态安全类型以“一般安全”为主,高等级类型较少,城市生态安全问题比较严峻;城市生态安全内部空间差异明显,生态安全空间格局向东、向北转移,呈现出“东高西低”“北高南低”的高低错落分布,高等级生态安全区域从东部沿海向鲁北扩散,“临界安全”区域缩小至鲁中南和鲁西北。最后从生态环境治理与保护、优化调控三大空间、经济结构转型升级等方面提出优化路径,改善生态环境质量。

沿黄九省区旅游经济发展潜力测度与影响因素

为有效识别沿黄九省区旅游经济发展趋向高质量发展的动力来源和新增长点,运用熵值法、探索性空间数据分析和地理探测器分析法,对沿黄九省区旅游经济发展潜力进行测度,并对其空间分异特征和影响因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)沿黄九省区旅游经济发展综合潜力水平存在显著差距,而相邻省区差距较小,质量效益潜力、动力保障潜力水平除个别省区出现较低和较高值外,其余省区差距较小,各省区经济结构潜力水平均较低且差距较小;(2)沿黄九省区旅游经济发展潜力空间上呈现显著差异和不均衡的分异特征,只有综合潜力和经济结构潜力呈现显著的空间集聚特征,但局部集聚水平较低;(3)上游和中下游发展潜力影响因素差异较大,上游的动力来源主要为质量效益,中下游发展潜力影响因素较全面且只有环境保障因素不显著。该研究可为挖掘沿黄九省区旅游经济发展潜力提供参考。

沿黄省区非物质文化遗产的空间分异与影响因素

为探究沿黄省区非物质文化遗产(以下简称非遗)的空间分异与影响因素,运用GIS空间分析和地理探测器等方法对沿黄省区890项国家级非遗进行了分析。结果表明,沿黄省区非遗的区域、省域数量差异明显,非遗类型的数量结构不均匀;非遗的分布呈凝聚型、空间分布不均衡,但各类非遗的空间集聚度差异明显;空间分布上形成了上游“青-团型”、中下游“晋陕豫鲁-斜N字型”的高密度区;社会经济因素对非遗空间分布的影响强于自然地理因素,以公路密度、传统村落核密度、人口密度、河流密度尤为突出,各因素间的交互作用对非遗分布呈双因子增强和非线性增强的协同效应。研究成果对沿黄省区非遗的系统性保护和乡村文化振兴具有一定支撑作用。