Effect of Pd on GFA and Thermal Stability of Zr-based Bulk Amorphous Alloy

The effect of Pd addition on the glass-forming ability and thermal stability of the Zr55Al10Cu30Ni5-xPdx (x=0, 1, 3, 5 at. pct) alloys upon copper-mold casting has been investigated. The structure, thermal stability and microstructure were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. It was identified that a new bulk amorphous alloy with the larger supercooled liquid region Tx of 100 K is obtained with substituting Ni by 1 at. pct Pd. Furthermore, the origins that thermal stability and GFA change with increasing of Pd have also beer discussed.

Correlation between the glass-forming ability and activation energy of crystallization for Zr_(75-x)Ni_(25)Al_x metallic glasses

The thermal stability and the kinetics of glass transition and crystallization for Zr75-xNi25Alx （x = 8-15） metallic glasses were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） under continuous heating conditions. The apparent activation energy of glass transition rises monotonously with the A1 content increasing; the activation energy of crystallization increases with A1 changing from 8at% to 15at%, and then decreases with A1 further up to 24at%, which exhibits a good correlation to the thermal stability and the glass-forming ability （GFA）. The Zr60Ni25A115 metallic glass with the largest supercooled liquid region and GFA possesses the highest activation energy of crystallization. The relation between the thermal stability, GFA and activation energy of crystallization was discussed in terms of the primary precipitated phases.

Preparation and thermal stability of Pd_(40.5)Ni_(40.5)Si_xP_(19-x) bulk metallic glasses

With the addition of Si to replace some P,Pd40.5Ni40.5SixP19-x（x=0,2.5,5,9.5,14,and 19 in atomic number fraction） bulk glassy samples with the diameter of about 5 mm were successfully prepared by use of flux treatment and water quenching technology.With the increase of Si content,the glass forming ability of Pd40.5Ni40.5Si-xP19-x increases first for low Si content and then decreases for high Si content （Si≥9.5at%）.The Pd40.50Ni40.5Si5P14 glassy alloy possesses the largest supercooled liquid region△T of 119 K,the largest reduced glass transition temperature of 0.621,and the largestγparameter of 0.460,indicating that this glassy alloy possesses very large glass forming ability and very high thermal stability.

Analysis on the combination ability and stability of rice restore line Yihui1577

Yihui1577 was bred after over 10 generations by crossing RI6 and Yunnan purple rice. Many new hybrid rice varieties had been bred with Yihui 1577, of which Gangyou 1577, Ⅱ you1577, Nyou 1577 and Yixiang1577 were certified by Sichuan Province Crop Variety Release Committee, Gangyou1577 and Yixiang1577 were certified by National Crop Variety Release Committee. The series varieties bred with Yihui1577 had been used widely with accumulated areas of 1 200 000 hm2. By using Yihui1577 as breeding material, an excellent restore line Yihui 3003 and some other restore lines, such as Yihui 1979, Yihui 315 with good rice quality and good combination ability had been bred. Analysis of combination ability and stability about restore line Yihui 1577 was made by using agricultural experimentation and statistical approach. The combination ability analysis was made in complete dual crossing method with 4 CMS lines and 6 restorer lines. It showed that the general combination ability effect value of Yihui1577 was 0.226, while Minghui63 was -0.113. So the general combination ability ofYihui1577 was prior to that of Minghui 63. Stability analysis showed that the F value of Gangyou1577 was 1.81378, while Sanyou 63 was 1.40327, both didn＇t reach significant level. So Gangyou1577 had the same stability as Sanyou 63. The same conclusion had got in the stability analysis of the breeds of Ⅱ you 1577, Yixiang 1577, Nyou 1577 and so on.

Thermal stability and glass-forming ability of Y-Ce-Co-Al bulk metallic glasses

The thermal stability and glass-forming ability of Y56-xCexCo20Al24 (x=15, 20, 25, 28, 38, 41, 44) bulk metallic glasses with a diameter of 5 mm were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the thermal stability of the alloys decreases with the addition of Ce. It has the best glass-forming ability when x=25, whose calculated values can reach about 30 mm in diameter. The effect of Ce element could be explained on the view of Miedema’s theory and elec- tronegativity difference of amorphous alloys.

Effect of addition of Zn and Al elements on glass-forming ability and thermal stability of Mg-Cu-Y bulk metallic glasses

After substituting partial Cu and Mg with Zn or Al elements for Mg65Cu25Y10 alloy,respectively,the metallic glass plate samples with thickness of 2-3 mm were prepared by water-quenching,their respective glass-forming ability and thermal stability were studied by using differential thermal analysis(DTA) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Using Kissinger equation,the activation energies of crystallization of these metallic glasses heated with a constant rate were calculated. The results show that Al element is greatly harmful to the glass-forming ability of Mg-Cu-Y alloys and cannot acquire bulk amorphous alloys;nevertheless,the effect of Zn element addition is indeterminate for various components. The magnitudes of thermal stability are also revealed.

Cold hardiness estimation of Pinus densiflora var. zhangwuensis based on changes in ionic leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence and other physiological activities under cold stress

Pinus densiflora var. zhangwuensis grows fast, and its drought and salinity resistance are better than Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. We compared cold hardiness and mechanisms of cold hardiness between the two species, to provide a theoretical basis for promoting and applying P. densiflora var. zhangwuensis in cold regions. A cold stress experiment was carried out on 3-year-old plantlets of P. densiflora var. zhangwuensis and P. sylvestris var. mon- golica after hardening at five temperature regimes, 5, -10, -20, -40, and -60 ℃, respectively. Some indices of needle samples for both species were measured, such as relative conductivity （REL）, maximum photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, catalase （CAT）, proline （Pro）, soluble sugar （SS）, and stomata density. REL and MDA values of both species after hard- ening had the same trend of increasing, but the trend was opposite in Fv/Fm value with increasing cold stress. Com- pared with P. sylvestris var. mongolica, the P. densiflora var. zhangwuensis had smaller increases in REL and MDA, and a smaller decline in Fv/Fm during cold stress. Com- pared to the control, REL growth of P. densiflora var. zhangwuensis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica at -60 ℃were 0.41 and 0.60, and MDA growth was 29.94 mol g-1 FW and 47.80 mol g-1 FW, and Fv/Fm declines were 0.08 and 0.27. Half-lethal temperatures （LT50） calculated by logistic equation for P. densiflora var. zhangwuensis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica were -58.23 and -50.34 ℃, respectively. These data suggest that cold resistance of P. densiflora var. zhangwuensis is stronger than that of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. Cold-resistance mechanisms of the two species differed. In response to cold stress, P. sylvestris var. mongolica had strong osmotic adjustment ability because of higher Pro and SS content, while P. densiflora var. zhangwuensis had strong antioxidant ability due to stronger CAT activity. Stomata density and diameter of P. densiflora var. zhangwuensis were smaller, as were single leaf area and number of leaves per plant, both characteristics promoting survival in a cold environment. Greater shoot height and total biomass of seedlings of P. densiflora var. zhangwuensis might be another reason for its stronger cold tolerance.

Combining Ability Analyses of Net Photosynthesis Rate in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

In perspective of breeding high-yield hybrid pepper varieties, combining ability analysis of net photosynthesis rate at different phases of flowering and fruit setting in pepper was made with 15 cross combinations from 6 parents by （1/2） n （n- 1） diallel crosses. There are relatively large differences not only in general combining ability （GCA） effect among different parents and at different phases of flowering and fruit setting, but also in specific combining ability （SCA） effect among different hybrids. There are relatively large GCA effects in late parents but relatively less GCA effects in early parents. No obvious laws have been found in the relationship between SCA effects and maturity of hybrids. Variances of SCA are larger than those of GCA. Heritability is less but influence of environment is larger. Correlation analysis of combining ability between net photosynthesis rate and agronomic character or resistances to main diseases has showed that correlation coefficients of GCA are relatively large at the medium phase and the late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and fruit characters. Correlation coefficients of SCA are relatively large at the early phase and the late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and plant characters at the early phase but to plant characters and fruit characters at the late phase. Correlation coefficients of SCA between net photosynthesis rate and resistances to main diseases are larger than those of GCA. The combining abilities of net photosynthesis rate at different phases of flowering and fruit setting are positively correlated with those of yield per plant. The combining ability is an important parameter of breeding of high photosynthesis hybrid pepper varieties.

Influence of Cu content on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg-Zn-Ca bulk metallic glasses

（Mg66.aZn28.8Cas）10o-xCux （at%, x = 0, 1, 3, and 5） bulk metallic glasses （BMGs） of 2 mm in diameter were prepared by the conventional copper mold injection casting method. Besides, the influence of Cu content on the microstructure, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of Mg-Zn--Ca BMGs was investigated. It is found that the addition of Cu decreases the glass-forming ability of Mg-Zn-Ca BMGs. Crystalline phases are precipitated at a higher Cu content, larger than 3at%. The compressive fracture strength of Mg-Zn-Ca BMGs is enhanced by the addition of Cu. With the formation of in-situ composites, the compressive strength of the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with 3at% Cu reaches 979 MPa, which is the highest strength among the Mg-Zn-Ca alloys. Furthermore, the addition of Cu also results in the increase of corrosion potential and the decrease of corrosion current density in Mg-Zn-Ca BMGs, thereby delaying their biodegradability.

Glass-forming Ability and Chemical Stability of Magneto-optical Glass Heavily Doped with Rare Earth Oxide

The glass-forming region of B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 （BAS） glass heavily doped with rare earth oxides was investigated by an effective method, and the chemical stability was investigated by powder method. Influences of rare earth oxides on the glass-forming ability and the chemical stability of the BAS glass were also discussed. The experimental results show that the BAS glass-forming region expands firstly with the increase of the Tb2O3 content up to 30mol% and then shrinks. The acid-resistant capacity of the BAS glass doped with rare earth oxides is the lowest, the water-resistant capacity is secondary, and the alkali-resistant capacity is the best. Besides, the glass chemical stability can be improved by doping appropriate amount of rare earth oxides. Moreover, the stronger the ionic polarization ability of the rare earth ions is, the better the chemical stability of the BAS glass will be.

Balance control during gait initiation: State-of-the-art and research perspectives

It is well known that balance control is affected by aging, neurological and orthopedic conditions. Poor balance control during gait and postural maintenance are associated with disability, falls and increased mortality. Gait initiation-the transient period between the quiet standing posture and steady state walking-is a functional task that is classically used in the literature to investigate how the central nervous system(CNS) controls balance during a whole-body movement involving change in the base of support dimensions and center of mass progression. Understanding how the CNS in able-bodied subjects exerts this control during such a challenging task is a prerequisite to identifying motor disorders in populations with specific impairments of the postural system. It may also provide clinicians with objective measures to assess the efficiency of rehabilitation programs and better target interventions according to individual impairments. The present review thus proposes a state-of-the-art analysis on:(1) the balance control mechanisms in play during gait initiation in able bodied subjects and in the case of some frail populations; and(2) the biomechanical parameters used in the literature to quantify dynamic stability during gait initiation. Balance control mechanisms reviewed in this article included anticipatory postural adjustments, stance leg stiffness, foot placement, lateral ankle strategy, swing foot strike pattern and vertical center of mass braking. Based on this review, the following viewpoints were put forward:(1) dynamic stability during gait initiation may share a principle of homeostatic regulation similar to most physiological variables, where separate mechanisms need to be coordinated to ensure stabilization of vital variables, and consequently; and(2) rehabilitation interventions which focus on separate or isolated components of posture, balance, or gait may limit the effectiveness of current clinical practices.

Tuning method for governor control parameters of hydropower generator in isolated grid considering primary frequency performance and small-signal stability

This paper presents a method of tuning governor control parameters of an isolated hydropower generator considering the primary frequency performance and small-signal stability. First, generators that can be operated in isolated state are identified. Second, different schemes are proposed for generator mode switching from on-grid to off-grid state through comparison and mechanism analysis. Third, the time domain model and frequency domain model of the isolated generator governor are constructed to respectively estimate the primary frequency performance and small signal stability. Parameter sets that satisfy the primary frequency performance and small signal stability are acquired as optimal values of governor control parameters. Finally, the measurement-based parameters of the governor are identified and validated using simulations to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

Effect of Biodiesel on Oxidation Stability, Detergency and Antiwear Ability of Diesel Oil

Different contents of biodiesel and petrodiesel were incorporated into diesel engine oils. The oxidative stability, detergency and antiwear performance of the formulated diesel oils were evaluated. The results indicated that, compared with petrodiesel, biodiesel was more liable to promote oxidation degradation of diesel oils, leading to worse oxidative stability, detergency and antiwear ability of the oils.

A comparative investigation of the properties of coal-water slurries prepared from Australia and Shenhua coals

Two coal samples of similar rank were chosen from Australia and China to investigate the differences in Coal-Water Slurry (CWS) made from them. The effect of ash content and particle size gradation on these properties was also studied. Different grinding times were used when grinding the two coals and particle size analysis of these ground coals was used to select samples with a ''double-peak'' particle size distribution. All the ''double-peak'' samples were used to prepare a CWS. The concentration, viscosity, fluidity, and stability of each CWS were measured. The results show that the properties of a CWS prepared from a coal sample with a ''double-peak'' size distribution are better than those CWS prepared from samples with a mono-modal particle distribution. The ash content of Australian coal is 21.72% higher than the ash content of Shenhua coal. The highest coal concentration in slurry from the Australia coal is 11.01% higher than in CWS from the Shenhua coal. The fluidity and stability of the CWS prepared from the Australian coal are both better than the fluidity and stability of slurry prepared from Shenhua coal. High ash content in the Australian coal improves the pulping results of a CWS made from it.

Effects of the grinding process on the preparation and qualities of CWS

Two different grinding processes were examined to determine the effect grinding has on the quality of a CWS. A series of slurries was prepared from Australian (Au) and Chinese (YZ) coals. Both types of coal were ground by a Chinese (CUMT) and an Australian (JK) grinding process. The performance tests of the prepared CWS showed that fluidity of all slurries was acceptable. The concentration of the CWS from YZ coal ground by the CUMT grinding process was higher than when the JK grinding process was used. The highest concentration was 70.14% in this case. The concentration of the CWS prepared from Au coal by the JK grinding process was higher than when the CUMT grinding process was used. The highest con- centration in this case was 70.97%. These differences are caused by the particle size distribution devel- oped during the different grinding processes.

A Novel Ni‑Free Zr‑Based Bulk Metallic Glass with High Glass Forming Ability,Corrosion Resistance and Thermal Stability

Zr-based Bulk metallic glasses exhibit incredible corrosion resistance and glass forming ability,however,these properties need further enhancement to meet the practical use.In this study,Zr63Fe2.5Cu23Al11.5,a new type of Zr-based bulk metallic glass was fabricated.Potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used to measure the corrosion resistance of this alloy.Furthermore,crystallization behavior and kinetics of Zr63Fe2.5Cu23Al11.5 bulk metallic glass were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry of non-isothermal model.Kissinger and Ozawa methods were used for calculating activation energies of crystallization and the mechanism of crystallization was analyzed by Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorow methods.The results suggest that this specified metallic glass system possesses a relatively high thermal stability and glass forming ability.Moreover,the crystallization procedure is mainly dominated by nucleation with an increasing rate.The study demonstrates that the slight composition adjustment of Zr-Fe-Cu-Al system bulk metallic glass can make a considerable contribution to higher glass forming and thermal stability as well as corrosion resistance.

A Comparative Study of the Performance of Symmetric and Asymmetric Mixed-conducting Membranes

According to the configuration,mixed-conducting membranes are classified as symmetric membranes and asymmetric membranes consisting of a thin dense layer and a porous support.In this study,these two kinds of SrCo0.4Fe0.5Zr0.1O3-δ oxide-based membranes were systematically compared in terms of oxygen permeability and chemical stability,and their differences were elucidated by means of the theoretical calculation.For the oxygen permeability,the asymmetric membrane was greater than the symmetric membrane due to the significant decrease of bulk diffusion resistance in the thin dense layer of the asymmetric membrane.In regard to the chemical stability,the increase of oxygen partial pressure on the asymmetric membrane surface at CH4 side produced the stable time of over 1032h in partial oxidation of methane at 1123K,while the symmetric membrane was only of 528h.This study demonstrated that the asymmetric membrane was a promising geometrical configuration for the practical application.

Research on the Ability of Regional Industrial Sustainable Development

In this paper, firstly, we construct the regional industrial sustainable development indicator system which are consist with resource, environment, technology and industrial economy efficiency levels and 16 indicators from the perspective of “two-oriented society”;Secondly, using the method of AHP to determine the weight of each indicator and evaluate the ability of industrial sustainable development of 30 regions in China;Finally, according to the results, we used the method of cluster analysis to put the regions into classification and then author put forward certain suggestions to improve the ability of industrial sustainable development of each region.

STUDY ON THE INCREASE OF SLOPE-WALKING ABILITY OF MULTI－LEGGED ROBOT

The stable slope-walking ability of legged robot walking in any direction on slope is analysed. The contacting angle and leaving angle of leg to the ground are presented. A method to increase the slope-walking ability is proposed only by changing the contacting angle and leaving angle of the leg to the ground.