Trade Benefits and Environmental Costs of GVCS: A Case Study of the BRICS

As the international trading system has developed with the division of Global value Chains (GVCS), the export trade of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) has grown rapidly. The resulting growth of carbon emissions has drawn wide attention from the international community, necessitating the comparison of the trade benefits and environmental costs of the BRICS participation in GVCS. Based on the Eora database, this paper constructs a decomposition framework for the calculation of export value-added and embodied carbon, based on a multi-region input-output (MRIO) model. The trade benefits and environmental costs paid by the BRICS’ total exports from 1990 to 2015 were measured and the imbalance was analyzed, along with the causes. The results show that the main value-added and carbon embodied in the BRICS’ exports originate from their own countries, and the domestic value-added content of the BRICS’ exports decreased while the foreign value-added content increased.

Re-Evaluation of China＇s Service Trade Competitiveness： A Global Value Chain Perspective

Based on the Worm Input-Output Database （WIOD）, this paper conducts a forward-linkage decomposition of value-added in trade to estimate China＇s service value-added exports and its service sector＇s international competitiveness during 2000- 2014. Result indicates that during the sample period, China＇s service exports measured by forward-linkage decomposition method accounted for around 35% in its total export. While the value of services exported directly through the service sector accounted for a falling share, the value of services exported through other sectors represented an increasing share. China ranks second in the world in terms of market share of service exports. However, the revealed comparative advantage （RCA） of China＇s service exports and export sophistication remains limited.

Global Development of Mobile Value Added Services

With the increasing demand for VAS from the subscribers, mobile operators are making efforts to create more services to promote the continuous development of the non-voice service application. The following three mobile VASes are becoming the development focus of operators.

Value-Added Trade and Evolution of China's Comparative Advantages

Based on heterogeneity in firm's sales destinations and trade patterns, this paper estimates China's ratio of value-added exports(RVAE) using value-added trade accounting, and discusses the evolution of China's comparative advantages from the perspective of value-added trade. Our research findings suggest that without taking into account heterogeneity in firm's sales destinations and trade patterns,China's RVAE will be overestimated. Conventional gross trade accounting underestimates the export competitiveness of China's labor-intensive and capital intensive sectors, but overestimates the export competitiveness of China's technology-intensive sectors,which leads to a significant reversal of comparative advantages. Conventional gross trade accounting method overestimates the trade surplus of China's manufacturing and technology-intensive sectors with the US by about 60% and 85% respectively.

Analysis of China's tobacco industry competition modes in the government monopoly environment

China is by far the largest producer of tobacco products in the world. As a big tax source, tobacco industry brings about 10%of China's annual income.At present tobacco industry is under the administrative monopoly management in China. The nation's policy and management mechanism greatly influence the competition structure of tobbacco industry. Due to the double character of tobacco, the country generally imposes a high tax and limits total product output in order to control the tobacco market. Therefore, the price signal of tobacco market is distorted and to a large extent the competition of the industry is far from a free one. The cigarette production is in a multi element competition style within the nation's planning system. In other words, administrative monopoly and over competition exist simultaneously in China's tobacco industry. The country predetermines the output quota of each cigarette manufacturing enterprise and the actual production outputs of these enterprises could be adjusted through the quota trades among them. The competition in tobacco industry is mainly represented in 3 modes, i.e.production output competition based on quota trades, value added competition in producing and marketing, and the niche market competition based on product classification.

Discussion on Subject Knowledge Service Pattern of Agricultural University Libraries

Taking Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University as an example, the discipline service practice was explored from the aspects such as free network resources and tool use, subject navigation, subject librarians, information sharing space and information literacy education. The typical cases were provided;the optimization of utilization method of network resources was put forward;the subject theme navigation was developed;and the information sharing space of specific discipline and other working strategies were carried out. The experience and enlightenment of active service for subject construction, priority service for key subjects, subject service by lay and step and seizing of the opportunity of subject service were summarized, which developed ideas and provided reference to the establishment of deep subject services of general libraries of colleges and universities.

The Role of New Retailing Formats in the Italian Local Development

In Italy, and particularly in its southern area, super-markets and hyper-markets still represent an expanding retailing format, as they were introduced years later than in other western countries. Today, they have become large retailers capable of influencing local development from an economic, social and urban perspective. The literature concerned with their effects on the local economy has focused on labour markets, price dynamics, and inter-type competition, neglecting their impact on macroeconomic factors such as GDP, value added specific sectors--agriculture, industry and services. This study tries to contribute to fill this gap by empirically investigating associations between key characteristics of these retailers and specific macroeconomic value added factors

区域贸易协定中竞争政策规则对出口国内增加值的影响研究

以64个国家1995—2017年141个区域贸易协定为样本,在测度竞争政策规则深度的基础上,实证考察其对出口国内增加值的影响。研究结果表明:竞争政策规则的强化有助于提升缔约方出口国内增加值。该结果经过稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析结果表明,缔约方制度质量加强了竞争政策规则对出口国内增加值的促进作用,但区域贸易协定灵活度会阻碍该促进作用。区分条款发现,横向原则与国有企业条款可以促进出口国内增加值;区分国别发现,竞争政策规则对不同经济发展水平国家出口国内增加值存在异质性影响。进一步分析发现,竞争政策规则的强化对第三方国家存在溢出效应。因此,中国应有意识地强化竞争政策的基础性地位,合理设计竞争政策条款并逐步提升执行度,打造更为开放透明、公平竞争的市场环境。

“一带一路”制造业增加值贸易网络对中国企业对外直接投资的影响研究

全球价值链重构趋势下,“一带一路”贸易网络日益紧密,东道国贸易网络地位对对外直接投资(OFDI)的影响逐渐显现,成为吸引中国企业“走出去”的新区位优势。本文基于“一带一路”共建国家制造业的投入产出数据构建增加值贸易网络,结合2009—2019年A股上市公司、BvD-Zephyr以及fDi Markets数据,考察东道国贸易网络地位对中国企业OFDI的影响。研究发现:“一带一路”东道国制造业增加值贸易网络地位的提升,对中国企业OFDI具有显著的促进作用,且上述影响在发达国家、制度风险较低及开设境外园区的东道国更强,并且进一步激发了中国民营企业、初始投资企业“走出去”开展跨国并购的积极性。此外,中国企业OFDI的结构得以优化,投资行业依托贸易网络呈现阶梯状分布。机制分析表明,中间品进口激励效应、投资风险规避效应和全球价值链嵌入效应是其重要传导渠道。本文为中国企业面向“一带一路”共建国家的投资策略制定提供有益参考,对推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展具有重要现实意义。

RCEP生效对国际服务贸易影响作用研究——基于增加值贸易视角

RCEP作为当前世界范围内规模最大、影响范围最广的区域自由贸易体系,在服务贸易方面做出了高水平的开放承诺,它是中国构建高标准自由贸易区网络进程中的重要抓手。以1995-2018年全球范围内66个国家服务部门的双边出口数据为样本,运用结构引力模型和泊松拟极大似然估计方法,实证研究了RCEP对服务部门增加值贸易以及福利的影响作用。反事实模拟分析结果表明,RCEP对成员国服务部门总出口和国内增加值出口均有显著的促进作用,而非成员国将在整体上受损;RCEP对一国福利的影响较小,对一国出口的影响较大;对中国而言,RCEP将大幅提高中国对日本的服务部门总出口和国内增加值出口。此外,将RCEP与CPTPP进行比较发现,RCEP对我国服务部门增加值贸易的正向影响幅度小于CPTPP。

农业全球价值链嵌入、贸易成本与增加值贸易

粮食安全是“国之大者”,农产品贸易是保障粮食安全的“稳压器”。农业全球价值链在农产品贸易过程中加速形成,参与全球价值链分工有助于改善对先进技术和知识的获取,推动农业向高附加值环节升级。文章运用双向固定效应模型,选择OECD AMNE 2023版数据库中76个经济体为样本,探究了农业全球价值链参与度和增加值贸易收益的相关性。研究发现:农业全球价值链前向和后向参与度均能促进农业增加值贸易收益增长;机制检验表明,全球价值链参与度可以通过降低贸易成本来促进增加值贸易收益增长;异质性检验表明,这一影响对发展中经济体尤为明显。为此,我国应积极融入农业全球价值链,进一步扩大农业开放、优化贸易环境和保障要素供给,以提高增加值贸易收益。

长汀县生态系统服务权衡与协同关系

以长汀县为研究区,采用当量因子法核算2010—2020年的生态系统服务价值,使用Pearson相关性分析方法和双变量自相关方法探讨生态系统间的权衡与协同关系,并借助自组织映射网络方法识别不同的生态系统服务簇.结果表明:2010—2020年长汀县生态系统服务价值在数量上呈现上升趋势,在空间上呈现“四周高、中心低”的环状分布特征;协同关系是长汀县生态系统服务的主导关系,主要分布在生态系统服务价值高的区域,权衡关系主要分布在生态系统服务价值低的区域;根据聚类结果和生态系统的主导服务功能将长汀县分为水源涵养簇、服务枯竭簇、生态调节簇和生产生态簇.研究结果可为长汀县生态系统服务可持续发展提供科学依据.

RCEP框架下的区域价值链构建及可能路径

通过测算全球价值链参与的相关指标,刻画RCEP框架下各国的增加值贸易现状并重点考察了中国在区域价值链中的地位演变;同时,深入剖析了RCEP协定中原产地区域累积制度、投资促进规则和电子商务、知识产权保护相关条款对于促进区域产业链深度融合的积极意义。为加快构建RCEP框架下的区域价值链,中国应有效利用区域大市场,推动中国价值链地位跃升;加强产业政策配套实施,积极应对产业链竞争;推进RCEP与“一带一路”倡议互动发展,加大区域产业链空间整合范围;依托自贸试验区优势对接高水平国际经贸规则,为加入CPTPP提供助力;抓住数字经济发展机遇,推进数字贸易规则的完善。

黄河流域生态系统服务价值核算及生态管理分区

为了给黄河流域实施生态环境精细化管理和生态治理差异化管控提供参考,采用“单位面积价值当量因子方法”对黄河流域1995—2020年4类11种生态系统服务的价值(ESV)进行核算,采用Pearson相关分析方法对研究期6个典型年份流域各类生态系统服务之间的权衡与协同关系进行测度,同时借助空间自相关方法对黄河流域进行生态管理分区划定。得出结论如下:1)研究期内,黄河流域的ESV呈增加趋势。就土地利用类型来看,农田、湿地和荒漠的ESV占比减小,而森林、草地和水域的ESV占比的变化趋势则与之相反。供给服务、支持服务和文化服务的ESV占比均呈现减小趋势,而调节服务、支持服务构成了区域ESV的主体。空间上,单位面积ESV在东西走向上呈现“凹”形,在南北走向上呈现“凸”形。2)黄河流域各类生态系统服务之间显著正相关,强协同关系占比为47.27%,表明研究期内各生态系统服务之间成协同关系。3)将黄河流域410个研究单元划分为4个一级分区和13个二级分区,并提出相应生态管理措施。

数字服务贸易壁垒如何影响增加值贸易强度——基于跨国面板数据的实证检验

作为新一代经贸规则的一部分,数字服务贸易规则对国家间经贸往来起到愈发重要的作用。本文通过将OECD-DSTRI数据库和WIOD数据库进行匹配,实证检验了数字服务贸易壁垒对增加值贸易强度的影响。研究表明,数字服务贸易壁垒抑制了双边增加值贸易强度,主要通过提高贸易成本和降低生产率两条路径实现,互联网发展水平能够削弱数字服务贸易壁垒对增加值贸易强度的抑制作用;数字服务贸易壁垒对增加值贸易强度的抑制作用具有异质性,对经济发展水平较高国家的抑制作用更大,在2008年全球金融危机前的抑制作用更加明显;数字服务贸易壁垒对服务行业的增加值贸易强度的抑制作用最大,对农业的抑制作用最小;数字服务贸易壁垒对知识密集型和资本密集型行业的抑制作用较大,对劳动密集型行业的抑制作用较小。本文的研究结论为通过降低数字服务贸易壁垒加强双边国家的贸易联系提供了经验证据。

生产性服务对农业全球价值链分工地位的影响

生产性服务是增加值创造过程中重要的中间品投入,对农业嵌入全球价值链有重要影响。本文基于OECD AMNE投入产出数据,运用系统GMM模型考察生产性服务对农业全球价值链分工地位的影响。机制检验表明,生产性服务通过资源配置效应和规模经济效应来提高生产效率、降低贸易成本进而促进农业全球价值链分工地位的提升。从细分生产性服务来看,专业与科学技术服务、金融与保险服务投入均能显著提高农业全球价值链分工地位,运输和储存服务对农业全球价值链分工地位有一定正向影响,而信息和通信服务对农业全球价值链前向参与度有负向影响,对后向参与度则有正向影响,因此需要加强农业产业链上游对农业信息技术的利用。本文研究结论为推动包括中国在内的发展中经济体的农业竞争力提升提供了值得借鉴的政策启示。

投资方增值服务对创业企业的作用效果及影响机制

增值服务对创业企业和投资方互动发展、实现双赢具有重要影响。探究投资方增值服务对创业企业的作用效果及影响机制有利于创业企业持续稳健发展和投资方实现投资增值,促进股权投资行业健康发展。选取投资方对创业企业投资后提供增值服务的4家企业作为典型案例,运用扎根理论构建了SETC理论模型,提炼出增值服务效果的主要影响机制。研究表明:增值服务的类型除了直接影响增值服务效果外,还可能引发投资方与创业企业之间的冲突,在外部环境和双方特质的驱动下影响增值服务效果。增值服务类型是影响增值服务效果的内部直接驱动因素,外部环境是影响增值服务效果的外部直接驱动因素,双方特质是情境驱动因素,创投冲突是中介驱动因素。

“一带一路”沿线国家的直接投资提升中国价值链地位研究——基于增加值贸易核算的角度

基于增加值贸易核算方法,使用TiVA(2018)数据,计算中国价值链地位,并与世界平均水平进行对比。结果显示:2005—2016年间,中国的国内增加值出口率从73.7%提升到了83.3%,中国的价值链地位不断提升。采集49个“一带一路”沿线国家2005—2014年面板数据对理论机制进行实证检验,结果证明:中国对“一带一路”沿线国家的直接投资对中国的价值链地位有显著提升作用,其中,产业转移、需求增长及营销促进都起到显著的正向作用,营销促进的提升作用相对较大,逆向技术溢出效应作用为负。

外贸内卷化、出口退税与企业出口国内附加值率

长期以来,我国出口企业面临来自国内外同类企业的双重竞争,容易出现为抢夺代工订单和抢占市场份额而竞相压价、生产低端同质产品的“外贸内卷化”现象,这是推动我国经贸高质量发展亟需探讨的问题。以微观企业为研究对象,研究外贸内卷化对企业出口国内附加值率的影响,进而分析出口退税政策在这一过程中是否能够起到调节作用。结果表明:外贸内卷化对企业出口国内附加值率有负面影响,而出口退税政策有助于缓解这种负面影响。机制分析发现,出口退税通过企业利润提升效应和一般贸易占比提升效应帮助企业缓解外贸内卷化的负面影响。因此,应进一步完善出口退税政策,实行不完全且有差别的增值税退税政策,以更好地发挥其引导企业出口行为选择的作用,走出外贸内卷化困境。

双循环发展格局对中国制造业全球价值链地位的影响研究

探讨“双循环”格局对中国制造业全球价值链地位的影响,既是制造业高质量发展与转型的需要,也是提升中国制造业全球价值链嵌入的广度和深度的需求。通过构建双循环主要评价指标,利用全球价值链地位指数,分析双循环格局对我国制造业全球价值链地位的影响。结果显示:经济内循环刺激低技术制造业提升质量,从而倒逼传统低技术制造业进行自我转型和技术升级;外循环水平对制造业及各细分行业的价值链地位均起到较为显著的促进作用,说明坚持对外开放,对中国制造业全球价值链地位的提升起到关键作用。