Objective:To explore the recent 20 years' herbal administration rules in TCM treatments of ovarian cysts (OCs) based on data mining.Methods:A prescription database for ovarian cysts was established by ACCESS 2007....Objective:To explore the recent 20 years' herbal administration rules in TCM treatments of ovarian cysts (OCs) based on data mining.Methods:A prescription database for ovarian cysts was established by ACCESS 2007.Importing the database into SPSS17.0 and SPSS Modeler14.1.SPSS17.0 was used for descriptive and cluster analyses,while SPSS Modeler14.1 was used for association rules analysis.Results:After screening,363 prescriptions were obtained.The 10 most frequently-used Chinese herbal medicines are Zedoaria (Rhizoma Curcumae),Poria cocos (Poria),Common buried rubber (Rhizoma Sparganii),Red peony root (Radix Paeoniae Rubra),Peach seed (Semen Persicae),Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis),Chinese angelica (Ramulus Cinnamomi),Liquorice root (Radix Glycyrrhizae),Pangolin scales (Squama Manis) and Moutan cortex (Cortex Moutan Radicis);the 5 most common syndromes of OCs are qi stagnation and blood stasis,phlegm and blood stasis,uterine blood stasis,stagnation of liver qi and retention of phlegm and dampness,nearly to 54.26%;In association rules analysis,5 sets of two-herbs association rules were obtained,17 sets of three-herbs association rules were obtained,22 sets of four-herbs association rules were obtained and 4 sets of five-herbs association rules were obtained;By clustering,13 sets of core couplet medicinals were obtained.Conclusion:Medicinal herbs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis,resolve hard lumps,for strengthening the spleen,eliminating phlegm,and relieving liver qi stagnation were highly used in the treatment of OCs;Herbs attributed to the Liver Meridian,the Spleen Meridian and the Heart Meridian were highly used in OCs;The compatibility of herbs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and resolve hard lumps were highly used;Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) was often used and combined with other herbs in the treatment of OCs.展开更多
With the increasing importance of computer intelligence in the new round of the industrial revolution,administrative,regulatory,or design(ARD)green technology contributes to improving national technological competitiv...With the increasing importance of computer intelligence in the new round of the industrial revolution,administrative,regulatory,or design(ARD)green technology contributes to improving national technological competitiveness and promoting the transformation of green technology,which is becoming an important field under sustainable development goals.The U.S.and China ranked top two in terms of paper influence and patent applications in the field of ARD green technology.However,few comparative studies have been conducted in these two countries.This study presents the evolution and landscapes of ARD green technology between China and the U.S.,focusing on comparing development priorities and technical layouts in each five-year plan period.According to the“International Patent Classification(IPC)Green Inventory”launched by the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO),we retrieved 69,412 patents published between 2001 and 2020 from the PatSnap database.Descriptive,content,and thematic network analyses were conducted using latent dirichlet allocation(LDA)and community detection algorithms.The results show that both China and the U.S.strategically focus on ARD green technology development.The technical topics in this field can be divided into three themes:data processing systems,traffic control systems,and building designs.The emphasis on technology research and development(R&D)differs between China and the U.S.There is also evidence that the U.S.has advantages in terms of technological innovation and capabilities.However,China has an advantage in terms of data volume,and the gap between China and the U.S.is gradually narrowing.We also highlight the contributions and limitations of this study.展开更多
Mine reclamation bonds are used in countries with mineral mining to ensure that reclamation of the mined area is completed. The United States, Canada, and Australia are countries with established mine reclamation bond...Mine reclamation bonds are used in countries with mineral mining to ensure that reclamation of the mined area is completed. The United States, Canada, and Australia are countries with established mine reclamation bond programs, with the United States coal system having been in place since 1977. China implemented a bonding system in 1998 and by 2013 all 31 provinces had established a system. An effective bonding system must be conditioned on fair and enforceable nationwide reclamation standard, stimulate companies to conduct reclamation by forming economic incentives rather than penalties that become a liability, and allow for full public participation. Based on these principles, this paper compares seven important factors for a successful reclamation bonding system： laws and regulations, administrative authority, bond types, bond size, calculation method, bond release, and public participation. The results show variation in policies and procedures for bonding among countries. Using principles and policies primarily from the United States, China should establish a national reclamation bonding system with legislation that forms a national authority to oversee and enforce reclamation standards and bond requirements. In addition, China can expand bond financial types and strategies, set the size of reclamation bonds at the level of a third-party reclamation cost, and set unified standards for calculation. Phased bond release should be established with specific reclamation criteria for each phase of release. Finally, bonding regulations should clearly identify opportunities for full public participation in the process.展开更多
The fraudulent behavior of taxpayers impacts negatively the resources available to finance public services. It creates distortions of competition and inequality, harming honest taxpayers. Such behavior requires the go...The fraudulent behavior of taxpayers impacts negatively the resources available to finance public services. It creates distortions of competition and inequality, harming honest taxpayers. Such behavior requires the government intervention to bring order and establish a fiscal justice. This study emphasizes the determination of the interactions linking taxpayers with tax authorities. We try to see how fiscal audit can influence taxpayers’ fraudulent behavior. First of all, we present a theoretical study of a model pre established by other authors. We have released some conditions of this model and we have introduced a new parameter reflecting the efficiency of tax control;we found that the efficiency of a fiscal control have an important effect on these interactions. Basing on the fact that the detection of fraudulent taxpayers is the most difficult step in fiscal control, We established a new approach using DATA MINING process in order to improve fiscal control efficiency. We found results that reflect fairly the conduct of taxpayers that we have tested based on actual statistics. The results are reliable.展开更多
Statistics and analysis was made in causes, places and proportions about all kinds of disasters and accidents in coal mines of China in resent 50 years. The analysis indicates the emphasis reason that result in the ac...Statistics and analysis was made in causes, places and proportions about all kinds of disasters and accidents in coal mines of China in resent 50 years. The analysis indicates the emphasis reason that result in the accidents in coal mines are artificial cause explosion of mash gas and coal dust, water flood, fire hazard. The accidents mostly happened on stope which is more often than other places, following by the driving work face. This not only supplies the managers with basic reference about safe administration, but also suggests the countermeasures in reducing accidents： improve the disposition of person, perfect all kinds of rules and regulations, severely investigate, analyze and deal with the accidents.展开更多
Background:COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on human health,economies,societies,and livelihoods around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulae have played an important role in the prevention and treatmen...Background:COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on human health,economies,societies,and livelihoods around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulae have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.WHO evaluated the role of TCM in treating of COVID-19 and encouraged other countries to promote the use of TCM formulae.However,the key is to find the basic core traditional Chinese medicine(BC-TCM)among those formulae.Methods:For the first time,we mined the data of TCM formulae in CNIPA and analyzed herb characteristics and association rules.We then determined the BC-TCM and screened main compounds and therapeutic targets.Finally,the potential molecular mechanisms were explored by using enrichment analyses and molecular docking.Results:This study screened 123 patented TCM formulae,including 312 herbs.According to frequency statistics and association rules,nine herbs(Gan Cao,Jin Yinhua,Guang Huoxiang,Fu Ling,Huang Qi,Jie Geng,Lian Qiao,Cang Zhu,Ku Xingren)were selected as the BC-TCM.The BC-TCM involved 166 main compounds and 48 therapeutic targets.The active compounds Hederagenin,Spinasterol,Beta-sitosterol,and Liquiritin had high binding activity to the COVID-19 targets 3CL,ACE2,and core targets RELA,HSP90AA1,STAT3,MAPK3,and TP53 according to molecular docking results.Interestingly,Hederagenin might be a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Conclusion:Our research predicted and confirmed the preventive therapeutic effect of BC-TCM on COVID-19.This has the potential to broaden the scope of TCM,guide people in using clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for future TCM discovery research.展开更多
文摘Objective:To explore the recent 20 years' herbal administration rules in TCM treatments of ovarian cysts (OCs) based on data mining.Methods:A prescription database for ovarian cysts was established by ACCESS 2007.Importing the database into SPSS17.0 and SPSS Modeler14.1.SPSS17.0 was used for descriptive and cluster analyses,while SPSS Modeler14.1 was used for association rules analysis.Results:After screening,363 prescriptions were obtained.The 10 most frequently-used Chinese herbal medicines are Zedoaria (Rhizoma Curcumae),Poria cocos (Poria),Common buried rubber (Rhizoma Sparganii),Red peony root (Radix Paeoniae Rubra),Peach seed (Semen Persicae),Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis),Chinese angelica (Ramulus Cinnamomi),Liquorice root (Radix Glycyrrhizae),Pangolin scales (Squama Manis) and Moutan cortex (Cortex Moutan Radicis);the 5 most common syndromes of OCs are qi stagnation and blood stasis,phlegm and blood stasis,uterine blood stasis,stagnation of liver qi and retention of phlegm and dampness,nearly to 54.26%;In association rules analysis,5 sets of two-herbs association rules were obtained,17 sets of three-herbs association rules were obtained,22 sets of four-herbs association rules were obtained and 4 sets of five-herbs association rules were obtained;By clustering,13 sets of core couplet medicinals were obtained.Conclusion:Medicinal herbs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis,resolve hard lumps,for strengthening the spleen,eliminating phlegm,and relieving liver qi stagnation were highly used in the treatment of OCs;Herbs attributed to the Liver Meridian,the Spleen Meridian and the Heart Meridian were highly used in OCs;The compatibility of herbs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and resolve hard lumps were highly used;Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) was often used and combined with other herbs in the treatment of OCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:71774130)China Huaneng Group(Grant No.:HNKJ20-H87).
文摘With the increasing importance of computer intelligence in the new round of the industrial revolution,administrative,regulatory,or design(ARD)green technology contributes to improving national technological competitiveness and promoting the transformation of green technology,which is becoming an important field under sustainable development goals.The U.S.and China ranked top two in terms of paper influence and patent applications in the field of ARD green technology.However,few comparative studies have been conducted in these two countries.This study presents the evolution and landscapes of ARD green technology between China and the U.S.,focusing on comparing development priorities and technical layouts in each five-year plan period.According to the“International Patent Classification(IPC)Green Inventory”launched by the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO),we retrieved 69,412 patents published between 2001 and 2020 from the PatSnap database.Descriptive,content,and thematic network analyses were conducted using latent dirichlet allocation(LDA)and community detection algorithms.The results show that both China and the U.S.strategically focus on ARD green technology development.The technical topics in this field can be divided into three themes:data processing systems,traffic control systems,and building designs.The emphasis on technology research and development(R&D)differs between China and the U.S.There is also evidence that the U.S.has advantages in terms of technological innovation and capabilities.However,China has an advantage in terms of data volume,and the gap between China and the U.S.is gradually narrowing.We also highlight the contributions and limitations of this study.
文摘Mine reclamation bonds are used in countries with mineral mining to ensure that reclamation of the mined area is completed. The United States, Canada, and Australia are countries with established mine reclamation bond programs, with the United States coal system having been in place since 1977. China implemented a bonding system in 1998 and by 2013 all 31 provinces had established a system. An effective bonding system must be conditioned on fair and enforceable nationwide reclamation standard, stimulate companies to conduct reclamation by forming economic incentives rather than penalties that become a liability, and allow for full public participation. Based on these principles, this paper compares seven important factors for a successful reclamation bonding system： laws and regulations, administrative authority, bond types, bond size, calculation method, bond release, and public participation. The results show variation in policies and procedures for bonding among countries. Using principles and policies primarily from the United States, China should establish a national reclamation bonding system with legislation that forms a national authority to oversee and enforce reclamation standards and bond requirements. In addition, China can expand bond financial types and strategies, set the size of reclamation bonds at the level of a third-party reclamation cost, and set unified standards for calculation. Phased bond release should be established with specific reclamation criteria for each phase of release. Finally, bonding regulations should clearly identify opportunities for full public participation in the process.
文摘The fraudulent behavior of taxpayers impacts negatively the resources available to finance public services. It creates distortions of competition and inequality, harming honest taxpayers. Such behavior requires the government intervention to bring order and establish a fiscal justice. This study emphasizes the determination of the interactions linking taxpayers with tax authorities. We try to see how fiscal audit can influence taxpayers’ fraudulent behavior. First of all, we present a theoretical study of a model pre established by other authors. We have released some conditions of this model and we have introduced a new parameter reflecting the efficiency of tax control;we found that the efficiency of a fiscal control have an important effect on these interactions. Basing on the fact that the detection of fraudulent taxpayers is the most difficult step in fiscal control, We established a new approach using DATA MINING process in order to improve fiscal control efficiency. We found results that reflect fairly the conduct of taxpayers that we have tested based on actual statistics. The results are reliable.
文摘Statistics and analysis was made in causes, places and proportions about all kinds of disasters and accidents in coal mines of China in resent 50 years. The analysis indicates the emphasis reason that result in the accidents in coal mines are artificial cause explosion of mash gas and coal dust, water flood, fire hazard. The accidents mostly happened on stope which is more often than other places, following by the driving work face. This not only supplies the managers with basic reference about safe administration, but also suggests the countermeasures in reducing accidents： improve the disposition of person, perfect all kinds of rules and regulations, severely investigate, analyze and deal with the accidents.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1706506 and 2021YFE0200300)the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Science and Technology Plan Project(2021KJ137).
文摘Background:COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on human health,economies,societies,and livelihoods around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulae have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.WHO evaluated the role of TCM in treating of COVID-19 and encouraged other countries to promote the use of TCM formulae.However,the key is to find the basic core traditional Chinese medicine(BC-TCM)among those formulae.Methods:For the first time,we mined the data of TCM formulae in CNIPA and analyzed herb characteristics and association rules.We then determined the BC-TCM and screened main compounds and therapeutic targets.Finally,the potential molecular mechanisms were explored by using enrichment analyses and molecular docking.Results:This study screened 123 patented TCM formulae,including 312 herbs.According to frequency statistics and association rules,nine herbs(Gan Cao,Jin Yinhua,Guang Huoxiang,Fu Ling,Huang Qi,Jie Geng,Lian Qiao,Cang Zhu,Ku Xingren)were selected as the BC-TCM.The BC-TCM involved 166 main compounds and 48 therapeutic targets.The active compounds Hederagenin,Spinasterol,Beta-sitosterol,and Liquiritin had high binding activity to the COVID-19 targets 3CL,ACE2,and core targets RELA,HSP90AA1,STAT3,MAPK3,and TP53 according to molecular docking results.Interestingly,Hederagenin might be a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Conclusion:Our research predicted and confirmed the preventive therapeutic effect of BC-TCM on COVID-19.This has the potential to broaden the scope of TCM,guide people in using clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for future TCM discovery research.
