Discussion on Administrative Law protection for Pension Rights and Interests of the Lost Only-Child Elderly in China

Lacking of shelter and care from their children, Chinese lost only-child elderly are impoverished and their mental state compared to older people in general are more fragile and sensitive. They have even united themselves for self-help, while their efforts have been often unhelpful. Their scale has been increasingly expanding and risen to many serious social problems. Appearance of lost only-child old man people and vulnerability of protection for those elderly is mainly due to the faultiness of Birth Control Policy, lack of government finance and imperfect social security system. Chinese government should establish a mechanism to increase and maintain the value of administrative compensations, strengthen administrative pay and protection of administrative contracts, broaden administrative relief channels for the elderly, and effectively protect the pension interests of the lost only-child elderly.

Status and Development Trend of Administrative Law Research

Since the new century, the development trend of administrative law and administrative law issues have been a concern for Chinese administrative law scholars, especially in recent years, more and more scholars start to discuss ＂ new administrative law＂ ,directly or indirectly,＂ New Administrative Law＂ has become China＇ s new hot spot for administrative law research. From two aspects, which involve the new direction of the construction of the administrative law system and the new vision of the administrative law, relevant research results on law research were reviewed and commented, and a number of visions were made on the future development of China＇ s administrative law, which were practically significant.

On the Current Situation of Basic - level Administrative Law Enforcement in China

With the development of economy and society, our country is on the road of rule by law, the legal system is progressing constantly. At the same time, we should also see that the administration according to law is not perfect, and its shortcomings exist in different degree and need to be further improved. Based on the analysis of the status quo of grass-roots administrative law enforcement in China, this paper tries to put forward corresponding countermeasures, so as to promote the work of law-based administration for the corresponding study.

Analysis on the Problems of Agent Performance in Administrative Law

With the rapid development of modem social politics and economy,agent performance has been a need of the People's Republic of China's administrative law enforcement and the public.Its form is relatively mild,and it is the product formed in the field of modem administrative law enforcement.The contemporary agent performance system has been playing an important role in environmental protection and traffic safety,which can save administrative costs to a certain extent,improve the efficiency of law enforcement,as well as effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the obligee.In spite of this,agent performance in China's administrative law has gained a lot of space for development,but there are many aspects that still need continuous development and improvement such as the subject,procedure,and cost of agent performance.This article focuses on the issue of agent performance as well as analyzes the subject,procedure,and cost of agent performance in administrative law of the People's Republic of China in aiming to promote the development of agent performance in administrative compulsory law of the People's Republic of China.

Protection of Human Rights through Administrative Litigation——An interview with Professor Zhan Zhongle,School of Law,Peking University

Question： Would you elaborate on the progress China has made under the state policy of reform and opening-up in improving the system of administrative litigation？ Answer： Efforts-in this reguard began in 1982, with publication of the Law of Civil Procedures （for trial implementation）.

The Construction of an Academic System for Administrative Law in China

In terms of principle,the intrinsic structural elements of the academic system of Chinese administrative law can be divided into three components:the positive law(de lege lata)system,the theoretical system and the system of methodology.As the foundation of the academic system,positive law mainly consists of the normative and institutional systems of administrative law;as the heart of the academic system,the theoretical system contains the theoretical basis,the system of basic principles and the system of categories of administrative law;and the system of methodology is the link and the conversion mechanism between positive law and the theoretical system,including the three research methods of politicolegal jurisprudence,Rechtsdogmatik(legal dogmatics)and social science jurisprudence.Along with institutional practice and the deepening of doctrine over the past thirty years since the promulgation of the Administrative Procedure Law(1989),the academic system of administrative law in China has been maturing.However,we are conscious that problems still exist.The basic approach to achieving further innovation includes advancing the construction of basic administrative law through codification;enhancing academic quality by jurisprudential thinking;shaping Chinese characteristics by rule of law practice;and carrying forward the whole academic system in a complete form.

Transparency of Tax Law and Tax Administration

Transparency of tax law and tax administration is vital to the fair,effective and efficient operation of a tax system.To achieve and improve transparency,various means and channels are available.This article sets out the measures adopted by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in promoting and improving transparency of tax law and tax administration.

Village Council and Administration of Justice:A Study Among the Dimasa Kacharis of Assam

Village council is a socio-political organisation that is the connection between people who relate themselves to each other creates an arrangement of persons that makes unit.It is a part of the large social organisation which refers to the institution which maintains rules and regulation of the society.For instance,stability of every social structure is needed to have the connection between the people who relate themselves to each other creates an arrangement of persons that makes unit.The organisation stands for juridical rights of the people’s safeguard and these juridical obligations are inferred in them.Village organisation coincides as in most cases that villages act as territorial social as well as political unit.The Dimasas inhabited in plains of Assam also have their traditional village council which acts as a socio-political unit into their parochial life.In this paper,an attempt has been made to evaluate the function of village council for the maintenance of peace and smooth functioning of the socio-cultural life of the Dimasa Kacharis inhabiting in a rural context of Assam.

Space Law Center of China National Space Administration Established

On December 23,2017,the Space Law Center of the China National Space Administration(hereafter SLC)was established in Beijing Institute of Technology during the 2017Space Law Seminar.Over 100 leaders and experts from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Meteorological Administration,State Oceanic Administration,

综合行政执法改革过程中的多维结构变迁与能动者策略

推动执法权属地化与综合化是夯实基层政权建设的重要一环,但在政策实践中,并不必然带来治理效能的提升。事权下放后,基层治理结构的实质性变革如何形塑执法主体的行为策略,以提升事权承接的有效性,是亟待回答的重要议题。文章从“结构—过程—功能”的视角出发,对一个街道综合行政执法体制改革进行系统考察,构建理解多维结构变迁中能动者策略生成的分析框架。研究发现,在改革过程中,综合执法部门所嵌入的横向结构在权力、责任和资源维度发生系统性变迁。执法主体在基层治理结构所设定的规则约束与行动空间中,基于复杂性和概率性两个维度,划分四种类型的执法任务,并能动地创设动员式、裁剪式、扩容式等执法策略,衔接再配置的结构性要素与复杂外部事务治理环节,从而有效回应“块块”运作规则和事权下放的内在要求。

数字平台“二选一”行为的反垄断法公共规制

2021年以来,数字平台排他性限定交易的“二选一”行为逐渐成为反垄断执法重点,“阿里巴巴集团垄断案”为考察平台排他性限定交易行为提供了典型范本。规制具有市场支配地位的数字平台排他性交易行为,私法规范显著不足,为公共规制提供了契机;在公共规制体系,《反垄断法》相比《电子商务法》具备更大的制度张力,依循反垄断法规制逻辑可逐一破解相关难题。察究典型案例,“相关市场界定—市场支配地位认定—滥用行为识别—竞争效果分析”四步骤分析方法,依然是当下及未来判断平台商业交易行为是否滥用市场支配地位的共识型“黄金范式”;围绕典型案例的行政处罚决定书展开分析,学界对于法律责任承担部分仍有较多分歧。为有效规制数字平台“二选一”行为,执法机构除了肯定过往严谨的分析范式、完备的程序保障和多元的治理措施等经验以外,还需在贯彻反垄断法的规范适用、破解反垄断法双重规制路径的困扰、坚持反垄断执法与企业合规建设协同推进诸方面进行精细化升级,更好助力数字市场公平竞争和数字经济高质量发展。

新时代我国行政区划的制度设计、目标指向与优化策略

新时代在完善优化行政区划制度设计过程中,坚持发展与治理并重的新理念是认识前提,加强党对行政区划工作的集中统一领导是根本保障,持续推动法治建设是关键支撑,健全论证评估机制与方法是基本路径。在目标导向方面,应重点关注三项新课题:以优化基层行政区划为主要着力点,提升超大特大城市的资源承载能力;通过优化乡镇行政区划设置,推动以县城为重要载体的新型城镇化;通过优化收缩型城市和“小县”的行政区划设置,助推区域协同高质量发展。作为完成上述目标的保障机制,要在充分发挥党的全面领导、协调各方作用基础上强化党政部门协同,在明确价值导向前提下健全论证与评估体系,系统总结我国行政区划设置的历史经验,提升调整方案的明确性,减少调整的“后遗症”。

《中华人民共和国档案法实施条例》的时代意义、特点、内容及相关问题思考

制定和施行《中华人民共和国档案法实施条例》是新时代建设与发展中国特色社会主义档案事业的必然要求。论文阐述了其时代意义、主要特点,说明了其主要内容,进一步探讨了如何制定“永久保管档案分级的具体标准和管理办法”与如何理解和施行“任何内设机构和个人不得拒绝归档或者据为己有”之规定等问题。

论体育发展行政法的多重构造

以《上海市体育发展条例》为代表的体育行政法,系统地明确了政府的体育发展职责及其行为规范。体育发展行政存在体育公共服务提供、体育产业发展促进、体育市场监督管理等多重任务规范构造。为了完成体育发展行政的多重任务,立法上明确了充分发挥市场决定性作用、更好发挥政府作用的机制,政府和社会合作、社会参与等机制也相应导入,以期发挥各自优势和效能。立法也配置了规划、建设、运营等塑造行政,补贴、资金支持、社会保障等给付行政,许可、合规、处罚等秩序行政的活动方式。由此,体育发展行政法已经形成了包括任务规范和行为规范在内的横向规范构造,包括基础层、应用层和管理层在内的纵向规范构造,也形成了行政的合法性、合目的性和绩效在内的多重正当性基础。

预防与控制:能源市场准入制度因应“双碳”目标的法律机理

能源结构低碳化转型作为“双碳”目标推进的重要战略,需要一系列制度措施来促进“清洁用能”和“能源供给”兼备的能源结构格局之形成。市场机制是能源结构低碳化转型的主要驱动,而能源市场准入制度是发挥市场机制秩序稳定与风险防范作用的重要约束和规制工具。因此,能源结构低碳化转型须构建完善的能源市场准入制度予以落实。传统能源市场准入制度对低碳治理的规制存在局限,革新的能源市场准入制度应当体现出维护能源市场秩序与气候公共利益实现的双重价值追求,功能定位在“预防—控制”的二元结构。“预防—控制”的功能定位呼唤能源市场准入制度明确更为科学的立法导向,该制度的规范建构须分别在“碳源”阶段与“碳流”阶段实施不同的功能分配、资源整合与立法策略:前者聚焦于调适能源开发利用中传统化石能源、清洁能源与可再生能源的比例,促进能源结构的低碳升级;后者注重能源产业的资质准入与行为监督,在保障能源合理供给的基础上强化低碳治理。由此切入,能源市场准入制度的革新应当按照统一性与差异性相结合的原则,从能源供给与低碳控制两个层面归纳所涉制度要素并对之定性,进一步完善准入标准、许可事务、准入审批与后续监管等要素的规范形态,充实规范内容与程序结构,提升制度能力。具言之,一是以协调能源供给与低碳控制为原则,注重不同能源准入情景下需要何种强度的资格准入、规模准入、项目审查等标准的实践性指向,形成具备稳定性与定量性的准入标准;二是以“能源供给的必要性”和“碳风险程度”为划分标准,根据不同能源开采企业与加工转换企业的特性来识别差异化的运营需求与行为要求,进而厘定各类能源产业的许可条件设定与事务分配;三是以准入审批与后续监管并重的结构化联结为理念,构建以“准入事务与标准的履行能力”为中心的专项审查模式与以“能源供给与低碳控制的义务履行实效”为中心的后续监管模式,强化被准入主体的能源服务供给与低碳义务的履行。

数字政府视阈下的算法行政:兴起、风险与法治纠偏

随着数字政府建设目标的确立,算法技术嵌入行政成为一种必然趋势,但是算法在促进行政的同时,也带来了法治价值失序的隐忧。算法基于海量数据运算配置社会资源,辅助甚至独立作出行政行为,或许将会成为行政权行使的中枢性力量。但是,过度依赖算法可能导致强调技术理性而忽视价值理性。算法技术本身所带的内生性风险与算法应用中潜在的风险,暗含着行政权力的“技术延伸”和公民权利被侵蚀的隐患,算法行政遭受合法性和合理性的诘难,数字政府建设与法治政府建设面临耦合困境。为防范算法行政异化风险,政府的数字化必须与法治化同步建设,警惕技术理性凌驾于价值理性之上的观念,并从算法的创制、适用以及事后追责的各阶段构建起算法行政的合法性约束机制,避免“权力—权利”格局的失衡,从而促进政府数字化建设和法治化建设的深度融合。

行政法典化的渐进主义路径

行政法典是规范行政权和保护公民合法权益的最高级别的规范形式。法典化反映的是编纂法典的动态的发展趋势,其表现形式可以是多元化的,构造可以是多层次的,发展可以是渐进的、多阶段的。行政法典的理论构想包含行政法总则、行政基本法、行政程序法三种模式。行政法典化受行政法体系、立法成果、行政法理论以及文化等因素影响。从目标定位来看,要降低理想型、高级形态行政法典的预期,采取一种更为务实的局部性、适应性、渐进性、阶段性为特征的适度法典化的路径。在功能主义与渐进主义的双重视角下,把行政程序法作为行政基本法典的实现路径,更具有可行性和操作性。

“行刑”反向衔接的实践难点及对策思考

“行刑”衔接是我国建设法治政府、法治社会的迫切要求,也是促进依法行政和公正司法的重要举措。2023年7月,最高人民检察院专门印发关于行刑双向衔接的意见,“行刑”衔接的外延明确包括“正向衔接”和“反向衔接”。实践中,“行刑”反向衔接存在不刑不罚、应移未移、应罚未罚等问题,因此,有必要分析当前“行刑”反向衔接的实践难点及原因,进而在制度设计、平台建设、标准流程、统筹协调等方面,完善“行刑”反向衔接机制。

食品经营企业行政责任主体双罚制分离构想

研究以《食品安全法》第75条为基础,深入探讨了食品经营企业行政责任主体双罚制的分离构想。首先,分析现行行政责任主体双罚制的主要问题和挑战。然后,提出了3个创新的制度设计,包括科技驱动的监管、弹性罚款制度和负责任的供应链管理。在科技驱动的监管部分,探索了如何利用大数据、AI和区块链等现代科技实现更精确、及时和有效的食品安全监管。在弹性罚款制度部分,设计一种罚款制度,其中罚款的大小与违规行为的严重性、企业的规模和财务状况等因素挂钩,以实现更公平和有效的惩罚。在负责任的供应链管理部分,强调了企业应建立全面的食品安全供应链管理制度,以防止供应链中的食品安全问题。