Estimated at more than 2.2 million cases worldwide,most breast cancer cases and deaths from breast cancer occur in low and middle-income countries.In Cameroon,many studies have underlined the effect of knowledge of br...Estimated at more than 2.2 million cases worldwide,most breast cancer cases and deaths from breast cancer occur in low and middle-income countries.In Cameroon,many studies have underlined the effect of knowledge of breast cancer on screening measures such as self-examination and,to a lesser extent,the perception of the threat of this disease.This research aims to assess according to the Health Belief Model(HBM),the moderating effect of perceived threat of breast cancer on the relation between knowledge and breast self-examination.A questionnaire survey was conducted among 517 Cameroonian women to assess their general knowledge about breast cancer(risk factors and screening measures),their level of the perceived threat of breast cancer through Perceived susceptibility and severity,and the prevalence of breast self-examination amongst them.A regression analysis using the Macro Process for moderation indicates the main effect of Perceived threat(b=0,29;t(517)=2,36;p=0,02)of breast cancer and knowledge(b=0,02;t(517)=4,29;p<0,001)on breast self-examination.Results also confirm that the perceived threat of breast cancer moderates the effect of knowledge on breast self-examination.While the low level of perceived threat highlights the effect of knowledge on breast self-examination(b=0,02;t(517)=3,49;p<0,001),the high level of perceived threat cancels that effect(b=0,01;t(517)=1,97;p=0,01).A woman who perceives severity and susceptibility to breast cancer is more inclined to perform breast self-examination.This result suggests the importance of taking into account,in a context where knowledge of breast cancer is limited,relevant factors of the health belief model in preventive measures against breast cancer in general and the practice of breast self-examination in particular.展开更多
The paper supposes knowledge innovation as process innovation, revises AJ model and makes Oligopolistic Markets Model of two stages. It compares profit and social welfare between firms in the condition of cooperation ...The paper supposes knowledge innovation as process innovation, revises AJ model and makes Oligopolistic Markets Model of two stages. It compares profit and social welfare between firms in the condition of cooperation and non-cooperation. It draws the conclusion that cooperative knowledge innovation can get much more benefit because of spillover effect of knowledge.展开更多
It is important for a completive tourism destination to ensure that tourists get the company of a professional tour guide who guides and interprets attraction in the areas visited. Undefined level of education, lack o...It is important for a completive tourism destination to ensure that tourists get the company of a professional tour guide who guides and interprets attraction in the areas visited. Undefined level of education, lack of standardized training curriculum, and lack of barrier to the guiding career have affected the performance of tour guides in Kenya. Limited research in Kenya has been conducted to establish the role of guides in satisfying customer and protecting the environment. The study objective was to examine tour guides＇ interpretation knowledge and their opinion on areas that require more training so as to improve their performance. The study hypothesized that tour guides＇ opinions on their training needs are independent on the level of education, work experience and qualification. It is hypothesized that guides require additional training in flora and fauna of East Africa, cultural heritage and customer service. They require training in ICT （Information Communications Technology）, eco-tourism principles, and at least one foreign language. The study hypothesizes that the higher the level of a guide＇s training, the more resourceful the guide will be. The study used qualitative and quantitative research approaches where questionnaires, interviews and focus groups discussion （FGDs） were used to collect the primary data. The finding shows that tour guides＇ opinions on areas they require further training were independent of their highest level of education, work experience and qualification. Most guides irrespective of their level of education, work experience and qualifications were of the opinion that they needed more training on mammals and plants （χ^2 = 1.07, df= 2, P = 0.583）, training on birds and insects （χ^2 = 0.254, df= 2, P = 0.885） and training on culture and history of East Africa （χ^2 = 1.140, df= 2, P = 0.566）. Respondents＇ training needs were independent on the duration of tour guiding course training had taken. Guides trained for less than six months, one year and more than two years agreed that training on foreign language （χ^2 = 4.84, df = 2, P = 0.196）, ecotourism principles （χ^2 = 1.62, df = 2, P = 0.653） and tour planning and costing （χ^2 = 399, df = 3, P = 0.262） would improve their performance. The study concludes that tour guides are aware of the areas that they need to be trained and should be consulted before organizing such training. They require more training irrespective of their level of education, certification and work experience. The study recommends tour guide curriculum be standardized and all guides should sit for an exam before they are licensed to guide and only those with such license be allowed to practice guiding.展开更多
Product innovation, for a truly strong solution, needs deep knowledge. Based on this point, the authors draw a conclusion that patents are the main resource of deep technique knowledge. There are five levels of newly ...Product innovation, for a truly strong solution, needs deep knowledge. Based on this point, the authors draw a conclusion that patents are the main resource of deep technique knowledge. There are five levels of newly organized patents. The main results of the studies on patents are various technique effects. The database of effects is organized and managed according to the form of function-effect structure.展开更多
This paper points out various relationships between Design Knowledge and Software Engineering. After introduction of human design, the relationships between industrial Software Engineering is discussed, then further d...This paper points out various relationships between Design Knowledge and Software Engineering. After introduction of human design, the relationships between industrial Software Engineering is discussed, then further details of human design knowledge are revealed with discussions on humanistic aspects of design.展开更多
This study focuses on the analysis of the application of knowledge management in companies in selected sector of industry in Slovakia after Slovakia entering into Euro area in 2009. Based on relevant experience, main ...This study focuses on the analysis of the application of knowledge management in companies in selected sector of industry in Slovakia after Slovakia entering into Euro area in 2009. Based on relevant experience, main conditions and problems associated with the implementation are analyzed through fundamental empirical survey. The necessity of utilization of information and communication technologies, management information systems innovation and long life education in companies are considered in knowledge-based company in knowledge-based society. Further possibilities of application and expected economic effects and benefits on growth and international competitiveness of companies in European Union, Euro area in many fields are outlined in the end of this article as the main aim of this study展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of Project-Based Learning(PBL)teaching method in lung cancer nursing teaching and its influence on knowledge awareness rates.Methods:The research subjects were 50 nursing interns who ente...Objective:To study the effect of Project-Based Learning(PBL)teaching method in lung cancer nursing teaching and its influence on knowledge awareness rates.Methods:The research subjects were 50 nursing interns who entered the same hospital for internship in 2020.The numerical ranking method was used for blind-selection and grouping,where 25 nursing interns were divided into the control group and the internship group each.Among them,the nursing interns in the control group adopted routine nursing teaching management,and the nursing interns in the training group used PBL teaching method for teaching management.The teaching satisfaction rate,teaching quality and knowledge awareness rate of the two groups were compared.Results:Nursing interns in the practice group were better than the control group in their nursing knowledge awareness rate and teaching satisfaction rate after adopting the PBL teaching method,and p<0.05.Conclusion:Through the implementation of PBL teaching method in the clinical nursing teaching of elderly lung cancer in conjunction with cancer nursing related problems,on-site answering is carried out in the way of nursing internship,so that the knowledge of nursing students in the practicing stage will be more in-depth,and the effects and quality of the nursing internship have been steadily improved,which has certain value of promotion in teaching.展开更多
Traditional ways of English learning such as memorizing a certain couple of words and reciting from the word list seem much easier than developing a useful vocabulary for L2 learners. However, learners complain that t...Traditional ways of English learning such as memorizing a certain couple of words and reciting from the word list seem much easier than developing a useful vocabulary for L2 learners. However, learners complain that they have suffered from couples of difficulties as the words are easy to be forgotten. Compare with the ways of mechanical memorizing, it argues that providing L2 learners with the development of useful lexical knowledge such as semantic information and morphological structure is more effective in the process of language acquisition. Moreover, developing a useful lexical knowledge is far more complicated for English learners.展开更多
文摘Estimated at more than 2.2 million cases worldwide,most breast cancer cases and deaths from breast cancer occur in low and middle-income countries.In Cameroon,many studies have underlined the effect of knowledge of breast cancer on screening measures such as self-examination and,to a lesser extent,the perception of the threat of this disease.This research aims to assess according to the Health Belief Model(HBM),the moderating effect of perceived threat of breast cancer on the relation between knowledge and breast self-examination.A questionnaire survey was conducted among 517 Cameroonian women to assess their general knowledge about breast cancer(risk factors and screening measures),their level of the perceived threat of breast cancer through Perceived susceptibility and severity,and the prevalence of breast self-examination amongst them.A regression analysis using the Macro Process for moderation indicates the main effect of Perceived threat(b=0,29;t(517)=2,36;p=0,02)of breast cancer and knowledge(b=0,02;t(517)=4,29;p<0,001)on breast self-examination.Results also confirm that the perceived threat of breast cancer moderates the effect of knowledge on breast self-examination.While the low level of perceived threat highlights the effect of knowledge on breast self-examination(b=0,02;t(517)=3,49;p<0,001),the high level of perceived threat cancels that effect(b=0,01;t(517)=1,97;p=0,01).A woman who perceives severity and susceptibility to breast cancer is more inclined to perform breast self-examination.This result suggests the importance of taking into account,in a context where knowledge of breast cancer is limited,relevant factors of the health belief model in preventive measures against breast cancer in general and the practice of breast self-examination in particular.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,70372017)
文摘The paper supposes knowledge innovation as process innovation, revises AJ model and makes Oligopolistic Markets Model of two stages. It compares profit and social welfare between firms in the condition of cooperation and non-cooperation. It draws the conclusion that cooperative knowledge innovation can get much more benefit because of spillover effect of knowledge.
文摘It is important for a completive tourism destination to ensure that tourists get the company of a professional tour guide who guides and interprets attraction in the areas visited. Undefined level of education, lack of standardized training curriculum, and lack of barrier to the guiding career have affected the performance of tour guides in Kenya. Limited research in Kenya has been conducted to establish the role of guides in satisfying customer and protecting the environment. The study objective was to examine tour guides＇ interpretation knowledge and their opinion on areas that require more training so as to improve their performance. The study hypothesized that tour guides＇ opinions on their training needs are independent on the level of education, work experience and qualification. It is hypothesized that guides require additional training in flora and fauna of East Africa, cultural heritage and customer service. They require training in ICT （Information Communications Technology）, eco-tourism principles, and at least one foreign language. The study hypothesizes that the higher the level of a guide＇s training, the more resourceful the guide will be. The study used qualitative and quantitative research approaches where questionnaires, interviews and focus groups discussion （FGDs） were used to collect the primary data. The finding shows that tour guides＇ opinions on areas they require further training were independent of their highest level of education, work experience and qualification. Most guides irrespective of their level of education, work experience and qualifications were of the opinion that they needed more training on mammals and plants （χ^2 = 1.07, df= 2, P = 0.583）, training on birds and insects （χ^2 = 0.254, df= 2, P = 0.885） and training on culture and history of East Africa （χ^2 = 1.140, df= 2, P = 0.566）. Respondents＇ training needs were independent on the duration of tour guiding course training had taken. Guides trained for less than six months, one year and more than two years agreed that training on foreign language （χ^2 = 4.84, df = 2, P = 0.196）, ecotourism principles （χ^2 = 1.62, df = 2, P = 0.653） and tour planning and costing （χ^2 = 399, df = 3, P = 0.262） would improve their performance. The study concludes that tour guides are aware of the areas that they need to be trained and should be consulted before organizing such training. They require more training irrespective of their level of education, certification and work experience. The study recommends tour guide curriculum be standardized and all guides should sit for an exam before they are licensed to guide and only those with such license be allowed to practice guiding.
文摘Product innovation, for a truly strong solution, needs deep knowledge. Based on this point, the authors draw a conclusion that patents are the main resource of deep technique knowledge. There are five levels of newly organized patents. The main results of the studies on patents are various technique effects. The database of effects is organized and managed according to the form of function-effect structure.
文摘This paper points out various relationships between Design Knowledge and Software Engineering. After introduction of human design, the relationships between industrial Software Engineering is discussed, then further details of human design knowledge are revealed with discussions on humanistic aspects of design.
文摘This study focuses on the analysis of the application of knowledge management in companies in selected sector of industry in Slovakia after Slovakia entering into Euro area in 2009. Based on relevant experience, main conditions and problems associated with the implementation are analyzed through fundamental empirical survey. The necessity of utilization of information and communication technologies, management information systems innovation and long life education in companies are considered in knowledge-based company in knowledge-based society. Further possibilities of application and expected economic effects and benefits on growth and international competitiveness of companies in European Union, Euro area in many fields are outlined in the end of this article as the main aim of this study
文摘Objective:To study the effect of Project-Based Learning(PBL)teaching method in lung cancer nursing teaching and its influence on knowledge awareness rates.Methods:The research subjects were 50 nursing interns who entered the same hospital for internship in 2020.The numerical ranking method was used for blind-selection and grouping,where 25 nursing interns were divided into the control group and the internship group each.Among them,the nursing interns in the control group adopted routine nursing teaching management,and the nursing interns in the training group used PBL teaching method for teaching management.The teaching satisfaction rate,teaching quality and knowledge awareness rate of the two groups were compared.Results:Nursing interns in the practice group were better than the control group in their nursing knowledge awareness rate and teaching satisfaction rate after adopting the PBL teaching method,and p<0.05.Conclusion:Through the implementation of PBL teaching method in the clinical nursing teaching of elderly lung cancer in conjunction with cancer nursing related problems,on-site answering is carried out in the way of nursing internship,so that the knowledge of nursing students in the practicing stage will be more in-depth,and the effects and quality of the nursing internship have been steadily improved,which has certain value of promotion in teaching.
文摘Traditional ways of English learning such as memorizing a certain couple of words and reciting from the word list seem much easier than developing a useful vocabulary for L2 learners. However, learners complain that they have suffered from couples of difficulties as the words are easy to be forgotten. Compare with the ways of mechanical memorizing, it argues that providing L2 learners with the development of useful lexical knowledge such as semantic information and morphological structure is more effective in the process of language acquisition. Moreover, developing a useful lexical knowledge is far more complicated for English learners.
