The Use and Exchange of Biological Control Agents for Food and Agriculture

The report sets out to summarize the past and current situation regarding the practice of biologicalcontrol inrelationtothe use and exchange of genetic resources relevant for BCAs.It considers the twomain categories of biological control:classical and augmentative.Allowing access to BCAs for use inanother country imposes no risk of liability to the source country.Local scientific knowledge abouthabitats,fauna andflora,can be

Effects of Water-Collecting and -Retaining Techniques on Photosynthetic Rates, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Millet Grown in a Semiarid Region

Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to study the effects of plastic ridges and furrow film mulching （plastic film on sowing, as well as plastic film on flat soil and hole sowing） and chemicals （a drought resistant agent and a water- retaining agent） on growth, photosynthetic rate, yield, and water use efficiency （WUE） of spring millet （Setaria italica L.）. The experimental results showed that water-collecting and -retaining techniques can effectively increase soil moisture content, the leaf photosynthetic rate and crop growth. Due to increased soil moisture under the plastic-covered ridge and furrow water-collecting in July and August, dry matter and plant height had a increase at the booting stage （late growth advantage）. However, the plastic-covered flat soil and hole sowing reduced soil evaporation during early growth, the increase of dry matter and plant height appeared at the seedling stage （early growth advantage）. Plastic-covered ridge and furrow sowing supplemented with chemical reagents had significant positive effects on water collection and soil moisture retention. Improvement of soil moisture resulted into the increase of the photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation yield and WUE. The water-collecting and -retaining techniques can improve WUE and enhance crop yield. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the photosynthetic rate under the water-collecting and -retaining techniques was significantly associated with the soil moisture, but had no significant relationship with leaf chlorophyll content. Plastic- covered ridge and furrow sowing supplemented with chemical reagents increased the yield and WUE by 114% and 8.16 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively, compared with the control; while without the chemical reagents the yield and WUE were 95% and 7.42 kg ha-1 mm-1 higher, respectively, than those of the control.

Solar radiation-use characteristics of indica/japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the late season in southeast China

New indica and japonica hybrid rice cultivars,such as the Yongyou series,provide farmers with very high yield potential.However,information on their canopy light capture and solar radiation use efficiency in the late season is limited.Field experiments were performed to compare the radiation-use parameters of four rice types:indica rice(IR),inbred japonica rice(IJR),hybrid japonica rice(HJR),and hybrid indica/japonica rice(HIJR),from 2016 to 2018 during the late season in Hangzhou,China.The grain yield,aboveground biomass,intercepted solar radiation(SI),and radiation-use efficiency(RUE)of the HIJR were on average respectively 13.4%–53.4%,14.3%–30.6%,7.6%–21.4%,and 8.2%–14.9%higher than those of the HJR,IJR,and IR.The leaf area index(LAI)of the HIJR was 18.2%–57.0%greater than that of the IJR and HJR at four growth stages,resulting in respectively 17.8%–38.5%and 10.7%–42.8%greater canopy light interception rates(LIR)and amount of intercepted solar radiation during the vegetative stage.The prolonged grain-filling stage also led to respectively 33.9%–52.6%and 30.5%–51.4%increases in amounts of incident and intercepted radiation for the HIJR relative to the IR during grain filling.These results indicate that the SI superiority of the HIJR was caused by canopy closure as rapid as that of the IR during the vegetative stage(greater LAI and canopy LIR during the growing season)and a grain-filling stage as long as that of the HJR.For grain-filling stage,differences in leaf Pn between HIJR,IR,and IJR were not significant,suggesting that the greater RUE of the HIJR(12.7%–52.8%higher)than that of the other rice types resulted from improved canopy architecture after flowering(FL).Principal components analysis(PCA)revealed that the superiority of the HIJR in terms of solar radiation use resulted from the greater canopy light capture capability of IR and the prolonged growth period(especially during grain filling)of japonica rice in the late growing season.

Evaluation of rational use of antimicrobial agents in a Brazilian intensive care unit

The present study sought to assess the rational use of antimicrobial agents in a Brazilian intensive care unit (ICU) and its association with antimicrobial resistance in elderly patients admitted to the unit. Results: Choice of empiric and sensitivity-guided therapy was inadequate in > 80% and 59% of cases respectively. Inadequate antimicrobial therapy, whether empiric or sensitivity-guided, was positively correlated with bacterial resistance (r = 0.316;p = 0.001). Sensitivity testing revealed a 46.5% resistance rate to eight out of the ten most commonly used antibiotics. Multiple drug-resistant organisms were found in 40.8% of patients. A significant increase was observed in the number of multidrug-resistant samples between 2006/2007 and 2008 (r = 0.41, p = 0.006), (r = 0.598, p = 0.001), (r = 0.688, p = 0.00). Conclusion: We found a high rate of antibiotic misuse in the study sample. Inadequate therapy was correlated with resistance to antimicrobial agents.

一种基于Multi-Agent的组织知识获取模型框架

在分析了组织知识获取的过程和Multi Agent技术的特征的基础上,提出了一种基于Multi Agent的组织知识获取模型框架,并且还给出了该模型中实现知识获取的关键技术及知识集结方法。依据提出的模型框架,可以容易的实现从个体知识中获取组织知识,有利于提高知识管理的有效性。最后,通过一个实例说明了给出模型框架的应用。

某石英砂浮选降铁工艺及机理研究

对某石英砂沉降脱泥洗矿后浮选除铁工艺进行研究,考察调浆酸种类、矿浆pH值、调浆时间、捕收剂用量、浮选矿浆浓度等条件对石英砂精矿中铁含量的影响。结果表明:捕收剂采用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)反浮选脱除该石英砂中赤铁矿可以达到降铁的目的;浮选降铁较优的工艺条件为,石英砂原矿经脱泥后分级,106~450μm粒级的石英砂入浮,盐酸调节矿浆pH值至3、调浆时间2 min、浮选矿浆浓度20%、捕收剂SDS用量400 g/t、起泡剂松油醇用量25 g/t。最终可获得SiO2含量达98.84%、Fe2O3含量仅0.022%的石英砂精矿,满足无色玻璃工业的入料要求。此外,通过动电位测试发现,矿浆pH值约为3时处于石英和赤铁矿的等电点中间位置,此时捕收剂阴离子会选择性地作用于赤铁矿表面,从机理上初步解释了该pH值条件下赤铁矿得到较好脱除的原因。

新型重金属捕捉剂的除锑试验研究

巯基对锑具有较好的配位能力,因此研发人员将巯基嫁接至设计的分子骨架上,合成新型重金属捕捉剂(HMC-1)。试验采用HMC-1处理印染废水中的Sb(Ⅴ),研究不同HMC-1投加量、pH和共存离子等因素对Sb(Ⅴ)去除效果的影响。试验结果表明,最优条件下,HMC-1投加量为100 mg/L,pH为4.0±0.2,共存阴离子浓度为0 mg/L,Sb(Ⅴ)去除率可以达到92.33%,Sb(Ⅴ)浓度由3.00 mg/L降低到0.23 mg/L。印染废水处理后,出水满足《锡、锑、汞工业污染物排放标准》(GB 30770—2014)的要求。相比其他处理方法,该重金属捕捉剂对废水中Sb(Ⅴ)的去除效果好,处理速度快,投加量小且成本低,具有较好的市场应用前景。

一种基于Multi-Agent恶意代码行为捕获方案的设计与实现

恶意代码行为捕获是进行恶意代码行为分析,提高防御恶意代码能力的基础。当前,随着恶意代码技术的发展,恶意代码结构及其通信活动日益复杂,使得传统的恶意代码行为捕获技术难以有效应对恶意代码的攻击与破坏。如何更加有效地捕获恶意代码行为成了目前信息安全领域的研究热点。基于此目的,本文在充分利用Agent的自主性和适应性,实时采集目标系统的状态信息的基础上,提出了一种基于多Agent的恶意代码行为捕获方案,分析了其行为捕获流程,介绍了功能模块组成,并基于Windows平台实现了该方案,为下一步针对恶意代码分析及防御提供了良好的基础。

Nanostructured boron agents for boron neutron capture therapy:a review of recent patents

Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is a potential radiation therapy modality for cancer,and tumortargeted stable boron-10(10B)delivery agents are an important component of BNCT.Currently,two low-molecular-weight boron-containing compounds,sodium mercaptoundecahydrocloso-dodecaborate(BSH)and boronophenylalanine(BPA),are mainly used in BNCT.Although both have suboptimal tumor selectivity,they have shown some therapeutic benefit in patients with high-grade glioma and several other tumors.To improve the efficacy of BNCT,great efforts have been devoted for the development of new boron delivery agents with better uptake and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles.This article reviews the application and research progress of boron nanomaterials as boron carriers in boron neutron capture therapy and hopes to stimulate people’s interest in nanomaterial-based delivery agents by summarizing various kinds of boron nanomaterial patents disclosed in the past decade.

Developing Check-Point Mechanism to Protect Mobile Agent Free-Roaming Against Untrusted Hosts

Mobile Agent has many benefits over traditional distributed systems such as reducing latency,bandwidth,and costs.Mobile Agent Systems are not fully utilized due to security problems.This paper focuses on mobile agent protection against malicious hosts.A new security mechanism called Checkpoints has been proposed.Checkpoint Mechanism(CPM)aims to protect Mobile Agent against malicious hosts in case of Capturing and Integrity attacks.CPM assumes using a free-roaming mobility mechanism by Mobile agent systems.The main idea behind CPM is to generate multiple versions of Mobile Agent.The multiple version is used to recover Mobile Agent from Capturing and Integrity attacks by untrusted hosts.MA versions are kept in Recovery Host(RH).RH plays a key role in CPM by controlling and monitoring MAs’recovery processes.A prototype method has been used to prove the feasibility of CPM.The p https://dsr.kau.edu.sa/Default-305-ARrototype was implemented by using the.Net framework and C#.full discussion for several scenarios has been done to analyze the feasibility and performance for CPM.As found from this research,CPM has a strong ability to protect Mobile Agents from Capturing and Integrity attacks completely.In addition,there is no negative impact on the overall performance of the mobile agent system.

Flexible Co-Combustion of High Ratios of Sustainable Biomass with Coal in Oxy-CFB Boiler for CO₂Capture

Coal-fired plants are under pressure to reduce their carbon-intensity. Available options include co-firing CO2-neutral biomass, oxy-fuel-combustion as part of a carbon capture process or a combination of both to give a “CO2-negative” power plant. BioCCS, the combination of CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) with sustainable biomass conversion, is the only large-scale technology that can achieve net negative emissions. Combining, developing and demonstrating the oxy-combustion of high ratios of sustainable biomass with coal in flexible circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler will bring significant advances in the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Areas addressed include possibilities for: biomass characterization;handling and feeding;co-firing ratios definition;CFB oxy-co-combustion studies;combustion performance;boiler flexibility in fuel and load;main emissions analysis;slaging, fouling and agglomeration;corrosion and erosion;and implications on plant operation and associated costs. The article will detail a comprehensive understanding on sustainable biomass supply, co-firing ratios and how direct biomass co-combustion under oxy-fuel conditions can be implemented. It seeks to push biomass co-combustion in future large-scale oxy-fuel CFB power stations to high thermal shares while enhancing the power plants’ operational flexibility, economic competitiveness and give operational procedures. There will be a need to consider the public acceptance of power production from coal and coal sustainability, by its combination with renewable sources of energy (biomass).

Personal Data Use and Morality in the E-Business Environment

This paper deals with personal data use by firms in the e-business environment from the viewpoint of business administration and information ethics. Whereas the tremendous development of information and communication technology (ICT) has made it easier for firms to acquire, store, share, and utilise personal data on their customers, firms that use personal data are exposed to risks related to privacy issues. Since individuals fear the invasion of their privacy, the failure of a firm to appear or remain trustworthy would make it difficult for it to maintain accurate, up-to-date databases and to construct desirable business processes, which would affect the bottom line. Therefore, modern firms should do what they can to ensure that their customers trust them. For them, one promising way to remain trustworthy is to behave as a moral agent. Although it is difficult for any firm to meet the conditions necessary to be a moral agent, competence in behaving as a moral agent is a hard-to-imitate capability af firms for which personal data use is vital for enjoying the benefits of business relationships in the e-business environment.

基于Hamilton多智能体系统的风力发电机组协同控制

针对风力发电复杂非线性系统,研究变风速条件下实现最大风能捕获。考虑风力发电系统的非线性因素,建立了每个风力发电机的Hamilton模型。基于多智能体一致性方法,采用互联有向图表征多风力机之间的通信联系;设计了预置控制器,将领导者风力发电机稳定到期望的平衡点以实现最大风能捕获;设计了一种领导—跟随一致性控制协议,以实现跟随者多风力发电机之间以及与领导者风力发电机的协同控制。仿真验证了所提控制策略的有效性和优越性。当某风力发电机发生通讯中断后,经过0.7 s的调整便跟踪上领导者风力发电机,波动最大值为1 rad·s^(-1),且所有风力发电机都实现了最大风能捕获。

计及碳捕集的虚拟电厂-电制氢多主体协调优化

针对考虑碳捕集的虚拟电厂-电制氢多主体能源系统的协调优化问题,建立基于纳什谈判理论的虚拟电厂-电制氢多主体合作运行模型。首先将难以求解的原纳什模型等效为合作运行收益最大化和电能交易支付两个子问题模型;然后采用改进的交替方向乘子法(ADMM)对子问题模型进行优化求解,加快算法收敛速度,保护各谈判主体隐私。算例仿真结果表明:聚合的碳捕集单元促进可再生能源消纳,减少碳排放;通过虚拟电厂-电制氢多主体的合作运行,可较大幅度提高各主体的运行收益以及联合合作的整体收益,验证了所建模型以及改进算法的有效性和优越性。

硼中子俘获疗法的原理及临床应用

硼中子俘获疗法(Boron neutron capture therapy,BNCT)是一项处于快速发展中的先进放疗技术。该技术通过在癌细胞内发生的10B(n,α)7Li原子核反应杀死癌细胞,是一种原子级别的二元靶向治疗,其临床实施需要专业技术与装置支持。BNCT的核心要素包括适宜的中子源及中子俘获药物。相较于传统放疗技术,BNCT在治疗局部复发肿瘤(如中枢神经系统肿瘤和头颈部肿瘤)中优势突出,能够更好地保护正常器官,特别是对于已经对周围器官产生明显侵犯的肿瘤具有良好的应用前景。本文主要阐述BNCT的技术原理、核心要素及其临床应用,以期为临床诊疗提供参考。

光碳核肥对石榴叶片矿质元素含量的影响

研究叶面喷施不同浓度光碳核肥对石榴各生育时期叶片中矿质元素含量变化的影响,确定石榴合理施肥时间和用量,为石榴的科学精准施肥和优质丰产提供理论依据。在云南省永胜县以‘突尼斯’软籽石榴为材料,在常规施肥的基础上研究不同浓度光碳核肥处理(1.3%、1%、0.7%、0.5%)下石榴生育期内叶片矿质元素变化规律。随着石榴生长发育,石榴叶片中N、P、Ca、Zn元素含量呈现上升趋势,K、Mg、Fe元素含量呈现下降趋势。1.3%处理抑制了石榴叶片中N、P的含量;0.7%处理对石榴叶片N、P、K含量有明显的促进作用,较对照(清水喷施)分别提高了22.3%、47.6%、121.9%,且显著提高了石榴成熟期叶片Fe含量;0.5%处理石榴叶片Ca、Zn含量显著增加,最高分别为19.72、144.54 g/kg,较对照分别增加了5%、1.05倍,同时对石榴营养生长期叶片P、K含量有一定促进作用。可以通过叶面喷施一定浓度光碳核肥调控石榴叶片中矿质元素的含量,其中喷施浓度0.7%处理能显著提高石榴叶片N、P、K、Fe含量,0.5%处理对Ca、Zn、P、K含量的提高有促进作用,可根据不同生育时期矿质元素含量的差异制定合适的施肥方案,满足石榴生长发育的营养需求,从而改善石榴品质。

药品集中带量采购对抗菌药物使用的影响分析:以阿莫西林为例

目的分析抗菌药物集中带量采购(以下简称“集采”)后使用变化,为完善我国带量采购政策和促进合理用药提供参考。方法采用描述性统计分析和间断时间序列分析方法,将第二批和第三批药品集采政策落地时间设为政策干预点,分析2019年1月—2021年12月全国医药企业阿莫西林销售量和销售金额在集采前后的变化情况。结果阿莫西林胶囊剂和颗粒剂在集采后销售量大幅上升,非中选的胶囊剂和颗粒剂销售量也有所上升,但涨幅低于市场整体增长率。非集采剂型中的阿莫西林片剂和混悬剂销售量和销售金额均出现降低,口服剂型中选能有效降低同为口服剂型的其他非集采品规销售量,阿莫西林注射剂销售量和销售金额在集采后短期内明显增长,通过模型预测阿莫西林注射剂长期的销售量和销售金额呈下降趋势。结论药品带量采购能够实现药价降低且达成以量换价的目标,中选药品使用量显著增长,但需要关注同通用名下非集采剂型的使用量情况,减少不同剂型间替代使用的情况;应该进一步扩大抗菌药物集采范围,将更多临床具体替代关系的药物纳入采购范畴,加强对临床抗菌药物的使用监测,保障临床抗菌药物合理使用。

Boron delivery agents for neutron capture therapy of cancer

Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is a binary radiotherapeutic modality based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when the stable isotope,boron-10,is irradiated with neutrons to produce high energy alpha particles.This review will focus on tumor-targeting boron delivery agents that are an essential component of this binary system.Two low molecular weight boron-containing drugs currently are being used clinically,boronopheny-lalanine(BPA)and sodium borocaptate(BSH).Although they are far from being ideal,their therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated in patients with high grade gliomas,recurrent tumors of the head and neck region,and a much smaller number with cutaneous and extra-cutaneous melanomas.Because of their limitations,great effort has been expended over the past 40 years to develop new boron delivery agents that have more favorable biodistribution and uptake for clinical use.These include boron-containing porphyrins,amino acids,polyamines,nucleosides,peptides,monoclonal antibodies,liposomes,nanoparticles of various types,boron cluster compounds and co-polymers.Cur-rently,however,none of these have reached the stage where there is enough convincing data to warrant clinical biodistribution studies.Therefore,at present the best way to further improve the clinical efficacy of BNCT would be to optimize the dosing paradigms and delivery of BPA and BSH,either alone or in combination,with the hope that future research will identify new and better boron delivery agents for clinical use.

α-SiW_(11)Ni/PANI/ZnO三元复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能

合成α-SiW_(11)Ni/PANI/ZnO光催化剂,采用IR、UV、XRD、XPS、SEM对复合材料进行表征,以孔雀石绿为模拟染料污染物,在不同影响因素下研究α-SiW_(11)Ni/PANI/ZnO的光催化性能。通过30 W紫外灯充分照射180 min,最终光催化的优化反应条件为:催化剂质量浓度180 mg/L,染料起始质量浓度15 mg/L,溶液pH 3,降解率可达87.83%。同时探究了α-SiW_(11)Ni/PANI/ZnO对孔雀石绿的降解机理。

DTC类重捕剂在化学镀镍浓废液深度除镍中的应用研究

以催化氧化还原预处理后的化学镀镍浓废液为对象,通过使用DTC(二硫代氨基甲酸盐)类复合重捕剂对其进行深度除镍,研究了重捕剂用量、反应时间、初始pH、反应温度和初始镍浓度对处理效果的影响。结果表明,在重捕剂用量为600 mg/L、初始pH为7、反应温度为25℃的条件下,反应3 min后即可将镍浓度从24.5 mg/L稳定降低至0.05 mg/L,镍去除率高达99.8%,符合电镀废水中重金属镍的排放要求。