An Observational Study of the 30-50 Day Atmospheric Oscillations Part I: Structure and Propagation

Features of structure and propagation of the 30 to SO day atmospheric oscillations are investigated using the ECMWF analysis of 1980-1983. Evidence is provided to confirm the characteristics of the oscillation in the equatorial region. Those in the mid-high latitudes, however, are revealed to be very different from the tropics and pose a strong barotropic structure. Horizontal coherence shows teleconnection patterns which can be identified as EAP and PNA. The wind field of the specified time scale of the oscillation appears as long-lived vortices and vortex pairs. Mid-latitude perturbations propagate clearly westwards, especially during the winter season. In the high latitudes, they propagate westwards in the winter but eastwards in the summer. Meridional propagations are rather different from region to region.

An Observational Study of the 30-50 Day Atmospheric Oscillations Part II: Temporal Evolution and Hemispheric Interaction across the Equator

In this part, the temporal evolution and interaction across the equator of 30-50 day oscillation in the atmosphere are investigated further. The annual variation of 30-50 day oscillation is quite obvious in the mid-high latitudes. In the tropical atmosphere, the obvious interannual variation is an important property for temporal evolution of 30-50 day oscillation. The low-frequency wavetrain across the equator over the central Pacific and central Atlantic area, the movement of the long-lived low-frequency system across the equator and the meridional wind component across the equator will obviously show the interaction of 30-50 day oscillation in the atmosphere across the equator.

A Further Inquiry on the Mechanism of 30-60 Day Oscillation in the Tropical Atmosphere

In a simple semi-geostropic model on the equatorial β-plane, the theoretical analysis on the 30-60 day oscillation in the tropical atmosphere is further discussed based on the wave-CISK mechanism. The convection heating can excite the CISK-Kelvm wave and CISK-Rossby wave in the tropical atmosphere and they are all the low-frequency modes which drive the activities of 30-60 day oscillation in the tropics. The most favorable conditions to excite the CISK-Kelvin wave and CISK-Rossby wave are indicated: There is convection heating but not very strong in the atmosphere and there is weaker disturbance in the lower troposphere.The influences of vertical shearing of basic flow in the troposphere on the 30-60 day oscillation in the tropics are also discussed.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE 30 TO 60 DAY OSCILLATION OF ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCE AND THE DROUGHT AND FLOOD EVENTS IN JUNE IN THE SOUTH OF CHINA

Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the observed precipitation data in the south of China from 1958 to 2000,the impact of 30 to 60 day oscillation of atmospheric heat sources on the drought and flood events in June in the south of China is discussed.During the flood(drought) events,there exists an anomalous low-frequency anticyclone(cyclone) at the low level of the troposphere over the South China Sea and the northwestern Pacific,accompanied with anomalous low-frequency heat sinks(heat sources),while there exists an anomalous low-frequency cyclone(anticyclone) with anomalous heat sources(sinks) over the area from the south of China to the south of Japan.On average,the phase evolution of the low-frequency in drought events is 7 to 11 days ahead of that in flood events in May to June in the south of China.In flood events,low-frequency heat sources and cyclones are propagated northward from the southern South China Sea,northwestward from the warm pool of the western Pacific and westward from the northwestern Pacific around 140°E,which have very important impact on the abundant rainfall in June in the south of China.However,in drought events,the northward propagations of the low-frequency heat sources and cyclones from the South China Sea and its vicinity are rather late compared with those in flood events,and there is no obvious westward propagation of the heat sources from the northwestern Pacific.The timing of the low-frequency heat source propagation has remarkable impact on the June rainfall in the south of China.

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.

热带大气中的准双周（10—20天）振荡

基于欧洲中期天气预报中心（ＥＣＭＷＦ）的资料（１９８１—１９８８），本文对全球热带大气中的１０—２０天（准双周）振荡进行了比较系统的研究，包括其动能的分布及演变。扰动的结构和传播特征等。资料分析充分表明，热带大气１０—２０天振荡是热带大气中另一重要低频系统，其动能比３０—６０天振荡还要大，而其结构和活动又同３０—６０天振荡很不一样。例如热带大气１０—２０天振荡主要表现为纬向波数２—４；垂直结构以正压特征更显著；主要表现为向西传播；其经向风分量与纬向风分量同等重要。因此，对热带大气１０—２０天振荡值得更多注意。

SPECTRUM—90时期大气10──20天准周期振荡对热带气旋转向路径的影响

本文研究了ＳＰＥＣＴＲＵＭ—９０时期，大气１０－２０天周期振荡对西北太平洋转向台风路径的影响，结果表明，这种影响是显著的。在ＳＰＥＣＴＲＵＭ－９０时期，１０－２０天周期振荡比较活跃，西北太平洋副热带高压的周期性退缩现象是来自中、高纬和热带的１０－２０天周期低压扰动共同影响所致，这也是导致热带气旋转向运动的一个重要原因。进一步研究还发现，在ＳＰＥＣＴＲＵＭ—９０时期，存在着一支源于热带西北太平洋上呈经向排列的纬向风波列，热带波动沿此波列向北传播，在一定程度上，可以推动热带气旋北上转向。

拉萨夏季大气热源10～20d的振荡特征

利用逐日大气热源资料分析1950—2006年拉萨夏季大气热源的气候及其异常特征。结果表明:1)拉萨夏季大气热源的气候平均值为88W·m-2,明显低于亚洲季风槽区夏季热源的气候平均值,是一般强度的大气热源区。20世纪90年代中期拉萨夏季大气热源趋于减弱,21世纪初其值接近于0。2)拉萨夏季57a大气热源10～20d振荡强度约为季节内振荡平均强度的2倍,显著年数(33a)占总年数的57.6%,因此10～20d振荡是拉萨夏季大气热源季节内振荡的重要分量。3)拉萨夏季大气热源10～20d振荡强度存在明显的季节内变化(7月上旬前后振荡最强)和明显的年代际差异(20世纪50年代末—60年代中、80—90年代前期是两个强振荡阶段)。