People's Well-rounded Development:The Value Orientation of Common Prosperity in the New Era

Achieving common prosperity for all is an important feature of Chinese modernization and an essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics,with the core value orientation of promoting the people’s well-rounded development.This reflects the close relationship between people’s well-rounded development and common prosperity and implies that common prosperity is not just an economic issue,but also a political matter,a moral subject,and a human rights goal.Being“people-centered”is the core positioning of common prosperity,with its inherent collective and individual attributes.In terms of the object dimension of prosperity,it encompasses a wide range of rights such as material and spiritual well-being,which are advanced in a coordinated manner,and a deepening level of guarantee gradually improving.In the practical concept of“shared development,”it emphasizes the unity of state obligations and individual responsibilities,as well as the phased approach and promotion of common prosperity through the rule of law.Therefore,the essence of common prosperity lies in shifting from a“material-centered”perspective to a“people’s well-rounded development-centered”perspective.It combines the principles of fairness and inclusiveness with the recognition of diverse developmental needs.The focus is on enhancing the subjective initiative of the people,aiming to truly achieve the happiness of the people and promote people’s well-rounded development through the realization of“common prosperity.”

The Rights Logic of Common Prosperity:Structure,Evolution,and Path to Implementation

The concept of common prosperity embodies the right of the people to a happy life,which is in line with General Secretary Xi Jinping’s proposition that“the people’s happiness is the greatest human right.”Its rights structure has the attributes of collective rights,reflecting the people’s pursuit of material civilization,spiritual civilization,harmony,beauty,and other social values.The realization of these rights is based on individual diligent labor and also entails human rights responsibilities of the state and society.Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee,China has pursued the basic policy of reform and opening-up,dismantling institutional barriers that hindered the development of productivity and the full realization of rights.This has stimulated the initiative,enthusiasm,and creativity of the people in their endeavors and entrepreneurship,leading to a historic leap from standing up to becoming prosperous.The living standards of the people have greatly improved.In the new journey toward achieving the second centenary goal,China should follow the important discourse of General Secretary Xi Jinping on respecting and protecting human rights,take the path of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics,and better meet the growing aspirations of the people for a better life in the pursuit of high-quality economic development.

Awareness and Practice on Household Solid Waste Management among the Community People

Household solid waste management is a major public health concern in the community people and closely related to daily human life. Community people can play a pivotal role in managing household solid waste. Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the awareness and practice of household solid waste management among the people living in the Mugda community in Dhaka. Methods: A descriptive co-relational study design was used. A total of 112 participants were selected with the convenience sampling technique. The data collection period was from July 2019 to June 2020. The data were collected from the participants by face-to-face interview through the door-to-door survey by using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using descriptive, Pearson correlation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA statistics. Results: Finding of the study shows that the mean awareness regarding household solid waste management was 7.96 (SD = 1.64) and the mean practice was 2.94 (SD = 1.35) respectively. It indicates that the awareness and practice of community people were at a moderate level. In bivariate analysis, it has been shown that training on household solid waste management (“P < 0.001”), and recyclable waste (p = 0.019) were statistically significantly correlated with household solid waste management practice. Conclusion: Overall awareness and practice level of household solid waste management were at a moderate level among the community people. Training on household solid waste management and recyclable waste management were statistically significantly correlated with household solid waste management. Policymakers can use this baseline data to make a strategy for increasing awareness among the community people.

How can home care realize people-based, local and global consciousness of the organic unity of vision

Under the background of China＇s aging population, home care service system in line with China＇s traditional family pension, pension also incorporates community features, is widely used in China at this stage of pension model. However, the home care service research stage and the organic unity of the people did not do standard, local awareness and global perspective, often blindly follow the tide of globalization. Article by home care services, people-based, local and global vision of the concept of consciousness and its relationship to reports, summarized the research stage of home care service should be how to achieve unity of the three.

Enhance the Influence of China-UK “One Belt and One Road” Cooperation

The Belt and Road Initiative is a new concept of opening-up put forward by Chinese leader Xi Jinping after he took office.It is the most influential international initiative since China’s reform and opening up.Its implementation has achieved remarkable results in the past few years,with more than expected results.More and more countries in the world have supported and responded to the Belt and Road Initiative.China and the UK are countries with important influence in the world.The Belt and Road Initiative has great potential and far-reaching impact between two countries.This paper analyzes the theory of influence of the Belt and Road and discusses the practical problems existing in the China-UK Belt and Road Cooperation.By applying the research method of matching theory with reality,the author puts forward some measures to enhance the influence of the Belt and Road Cooperation between the two countries.It is of great academic and practical significance to study the Belt and Road Theory and the international relations between China and Britain.

Li Dazhao’s Conception of Modern State Before the New Culture Movement

Based on the following two points that one is the social disorder resulted from the“republic”since the Revolution of 1911 and the other is constant reflection on the recognition of the political values of western political parties,Li Dazhao places his hope on awakening and strength of the people to deal with the gap between republican political ideal and social reality of the Republic of China finally.This kind of emphasis and expectation on the power of people makes up a key factor assisting Li Dazhao’s early conversion to Marxism.

Conservation education and habitat restoration for the endangered Sagalla caecilian （Boulengerula niedeni） in Sagalla Hill, Kenya

The Sagalla caecilian （Boulengerula niedeni） is an endangered amphibian endemic to Sagalla Hill in the Taita Hills. This burrowing worm-like species prefers soft soil with high moisture and organic matter. The major threats to the Sagalla caecilian are soil erosion caused by steep slopes, bare ground and water siphoning/soil hardening from exotic eucalyptus trees. The purpose of this study was to get a better understanding of the local people＇s attitude towards this species and how they can contribute to its continued conservation through restoration of its remaining habitat. In this study, it was found that 96% of Sagalla people are aware of the species, its habits and its association with soils high in organic matter. It was also found that 96% of Sagalla people use organic manure from cow dung in their farms. Habitat restoration through planting of indigenous plants was found to be ongoing, especially on compounds of public institutions as well as on private lands. Although drought was found to be a challenge for seedlings development especially on the low elevation sites, destruction by livestock especially during the dry season is also a major threat. In this study, it was recommended that any future habitat restoration initiative should include strong chain-link fencing to protect the seedlings from livestock activity. Recognizing that the preferred habitats for the species are in the valleys, systematic planting of keystone plant species such as fig trees （Ficus） creates the best microhabitats. These are better than general woodlots of indigenous trees.

Relationship between HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) Awareness and HCT Uptake among Young People in Nigeria: Implications for Social Change

This study examined the relationship between HIV counselling and testing (HCT) awareness and HCT uptake among young people in Nigeria and their implications for social change. The study is a quantitative research guided by one research question and one hypothesis. The target population comprised young people in Nigeria ages 15 to 24 years because the focus of this study was to identify the factors affecting HCT uptake among young people in this age cohort. The representative sample was obtained from the updated master sample frame of rural and urban zones developed by the National Population Commission in Nigeria. This master sample frame was a national survey that comprised all 36 states in Nigeria. Probability sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 10,091 respondents (ages 15 to 24 years) for the study. The multistage cluster sampling was used to select suitable young people with known probability. Data were collected throughout Nigeria between September and December 2012 from 32,543 households (rural = 22,192;urban = 10,351) using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The individual questionnaires asked about household characteristics, background characteristics of the respondents. Data were analyzed by inputting them into SPSS v21.0 for analysis and then coded them for each participant. The data were summed using descriptive statistics. Frequencies and percentages;measures of central tendencies were used to answer the research question while nonparametric tests such as chi-square were used to analyze non-normally distributed data at 0.5 level of significance. The results of the chi-square test of association between HCT awareness and HCT uptake showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between HCT awareness and HCT uptake among young people ages 15 to 24 years in Nigeria, X2 (1, n = 8916) = 306.66, p < 0.001. In other words, knowledge of the availability of HCT services may have influenced the possibility that the participants would use them. Among others, it was recommended that government should examine the efficacy of HCT treatments in Nigeria, along with conducting a demographic analysis of the at-risk population.

县域富民产业促进农民共同富裕:作用机理、现实困境与策略选择

实现全体人民共同富裕的难点在农村。县域一头连着乡村,一头连着城镇,发展县域富民产业是促进农民共同富裕的现实选择。县域富民产业是能在长期内显著促进农民收入增长、改善城乡居民收入分配状况的现代化产业集群,其在空间维度、组织维度和价值维度上具有独特的内涵特征。县域富民产业在产业发展端通过凝聚竞争优势提高产业效益;在农民参与端通过带动农民发展生产、实现农民就近就业和共享资产收益,促进农民共同富裕。实践中,发展县域富民产业仍然面临产业集群培育不足、辐射带动效应不强,产业同质化突出、结构不优,产业生产经营主体能力不足,产业联农带农机制不健全等困境。加快培育县域富民产业、有效促进农民共同富裕,应依托特色资源培育特色产业集群、优化产业布局、调整产业结构、提升生产经营主体产业支撑能力、持续完善产业利益联结机制。

从“氏族之人”到“编户齐民”——试论先秦时期社会成员身份的变迁

夏商西周时期,社会上几乎所有的人都生活于“族”之中。这些族,夏商时期称为“氏族”,西周时期则多称为“宗族”。春秋战国时期,虽然“人”“民”多混用无别,但两者的使用却出现了有所侧重的情况。“民”能够以地域为称,但并不以族为称,它所表现的是社会成员的地域特征,而“人”则可以表现其作为某族的血缘关系特征。社会成员间血缘关系的影响在削弱,而国家地域关系的影响在增强。社会成员身份的巨大变化是由氏族(宗族)之人,变成了国家控制下的编户齐民。“编户齐民”肇端于战国时期诸国授田制度的实施,到秦代则成为国家控制天下民众的最主要的制度。这种居民身份的变化深刻地影响着古代中国的历史发展。

基本收入制度的兴起与共同富裕型民生的建设

基本收入是工业社会以来部分发达国家面向全体社会成员无条件地支付现金的一项体现社会公正发展的措施或政策安排。基本收入制度强调民众普遍享有,实施基本收入制度有利于筑牢民生底线,缩减资格识别过程中的行政投入和成本,解决民众的基本生活问题,缩减贫富差距,扩大中等收入群体基数。因而,其与共同富裕型民生制度有着很强的涵容性。为了促进基本收入制度与共同富裕型民生颉颃发展,需要明确基本收入制度的功能定位,发掘基本收入制度的合理内核,积极支持各地基本收入制度的试点探索,强化基本收入制度实施的监管,持续优化民生项目,完善托底型民生和基本型民生,扎实保障民众基本生活,使基本收入制度为共同富裕型民生的实现贡献力量。

共享、发展与融合:残疾人家庭共同富裕的内涵辨析与发展路径

受多种因素的影响,残疾人家庭与一般家庭存在较大的收入差距,具有较高的返贫风险,是实现共同富裕的短板。残疾人家庭共同富裕问题的成因较为复杂,可以归纳为“体能主义”的发展理念、“事业为纲”的政策偏差和普遍存在的社会排斥。逐步实现残疾人家庭共同富裕,需要超越收入维度,从残疾人的全面发展和残疾人家庭社会融合方面理解其内涵,在此基础上,通过建构共享路径、发展路径和融合路径,逐步实现残疾人家庭共同富裕的目标。

国有资产收益全民分享与共同养老金制度设计

落实以全民所有制为根基的社会主义制度,必须建立现实具体的国有资产收益全民分享机制,让全体人民分享归他们所有的国有资产收益。将部分国有资产收益用于建立共同养老金制度,平等地为达到一定年龄(依据国家一般退休年龄确定)的全体老年人发放一份社会主义性质的共同养老金,是社会主义初级阶段国有资产收益全民分享的可行方式。以国有资产收益建立的共同养老金制度具有国有企业产品消费倾向增长效应,不仅为老年人提供可持续、均等和稳定的基本生活保障,还能促进国有资产保值增值,保证其自身的可持续性。并且,与直接动用国有资本补充城镇职工基本养老保险相比,建立共同养老金制度能够有效缓解基本养老保险的给付差距问题。这为构建中国特色社会主义市场经济混合养老保障体系,即共同养老金和基本养老保险相辅相成的新型养老制度,提出新思路。

经济体制改革演进中的人民性逻辑

以人民为中心推进经济体制改革,是我国经济体制改革演进中的一个重要特性,也体现了我国经济体制改革的人民性。梳理整个经济体制改革历程,这种人民性主要体现在三个方面:一是经济体制改革启动和不断深化都基于尊重人民的首创精神;二是经济体制改革始终以调动人民积极性为出发点加以设计,形成改革的不竭动力;三是进一步深化经济体制改革被赋予新的使命,需要完善社会主义市场经济体制,需要赋予经济体制改革人民性新内容,就是要实现共同富裕。市场化改革以及因此建立的社会主义市场经济体制,是一个全新的经济体制。在建立和推进这一经济体制过程中,我国经济创造了一个发展奇迹,这背后的原因可以说是社会主义和市场经济优势得到综合性发挥,但在改革进程中体现出的人民性是实现这一综合效应的内在根据。因此,在进一步深化经济体制改革、推进中国式现代化的进程中应该更加充分地体现这种人民性,继续发挥其具有的独特功能。

中国式现代化进程中的共同富裕:内涵阐释、水平测度与路径展望

扎实推进共同富裕是建设社会主义现代化强国的核心任务。文章在阐释中国共同富裕理论内涵的基础上,通过构建共同富裕评价指标体系对共同富裕发展水平及演进规律进行深入分析。研究发现:中国共同富裕稳步推进,其中,物质富裕持续提高、生态环境明显优化、城乡差距逐渐缩小,但精神富足及人的全面发展仍需提升,收入差距仍待缩小;从区域层面来看,四大区域与重大国家战略区域共同富裕均向好发展,但存在明显的空间分异特征;从演进规律来看,中国共同富裕的持续性较强,长期发展动力充足,存在空间溢出效应。研究结论为扎实推进共同富裕提供决策依据,为解决人类发展不平衡问题贡献中国方案。

传承红色基因促进人民精神生活共同富裕的价值释义与实践路径

中国共产党在一百多年发展历程中锻造了独有精神特质的红色基因,蕴含着胸怀理想、坚定信念的优秀品格,弘扬正气、甘于奉献的道德精神,自信自强、守正创新的奋斗品质,永葆初心、担当使命的人民情怀。进入新时代,红色基因已沉淀为丰富人民精神世界的重要文化因子。传承红色基因与促进人民精神生活共同富裕有着相互作用、辩证统一的互动规律,传承红色基因可以为促进人民精神生活共同富裕提供真理力量、注入精神动能、坚定情感认同、建构价值基础。传承红色基因要在筑牢精神高地、创新现实载体、打造数字化供给、夯实制度保障上下功夫,为促进人民精神生活共同富裕铸牢精神之魂、立稳精神支柱、把稳思想之舵。

“五四宪法”对国家监督体系的奠基

“五四宪法”奠定了新中国国家监督体系的基本框架。“五四宪法”建立的国家监督体系以人大制度为基础,以行政监察和检察监督为重要方式,政协发挥着政治监督的功能。这一体系确定了人民代表大会在国家机构体系中的基础地位,丰富了以民主集中制为原则的权力运行机制,巩固了中国共产党的领导核心地位。但是,这一体系存在着宪法实施不足、监督内涵缺失和党内监督弱化的问题。以“五四宪法”为参照,未来要坚持与完善党和国家监督体系,须着力实现党内监督和国家监督的贯通融合,国家监督体系内部的协调衔接,民主制度和程序的完善便捷,公民基本权利的充分保障。

彝族创世神话中的华夏认同

中国各少数民族的英雄史诗、创世神话等不仅表达了各民族的世界观、宇宙观,也从“华夏边缘”反映出本民族与汉族及其他周边民族的交往、交流和交融的历史。在我国西南民族地区流传的口头传统中,有大量以“同源共祖”为主题的英雄史诗、创世神话、建寨传说和叙事长诗等。这些口头传统是在少数民族内部自发形成的、超越血缘和地域的共同体认同。在西南横断山区,汉、藏、羌、彝等民族和睦相处,各民族之间的交流互动十分活跃。因此,在彝族的创世神话中,既包含着彝族先民的本民族记忆,也包含着彝族与周边藏、羌、汉等民族交往的历史记忆。同时,在新的时代背景下,彝族通过对神话的“复述”和重新“叙事”,不断调整和重塑与其他周边民族的关系,这使古老的神话在新时代焕发出新的生命力。彝族创世神话中所体现出的朴素的华夏认同观念将有助于进一步凝聚与巩固中华民族共同体意识。

论《醒世姻缘传》的药物书写

《醒世姻缘传》中有近三分之一的章回涉及药物与医疗过程描写,具有浓厚的现实性特征,有助于故事情节的构建、人物形象的塑造与艺术效果的呈现,对世情小说《金瓶梅》和《红楼梦》的药物书写具有承前启后的重要意义。

陈嘉庚与中华民族共同体建设——以近现代中国象征符号体系为中心

论文探讨了陈嘉庚在现代中国象征符号体系建构中的重要作用,特别是其在增强中华民族共同体意识层面的突出贡献。作为著名爱国华侨领袖,陈嘉庚在新中国成立前后积极参与并推动了国旗、纪念碑等象征符号的设计与建设。在国旗问题上,他反对国民党以党旗替代国旗,力主国旗改革,最终支持五星红旗成为新中国国旗,强化了国家认同和民族团结。与此同时,他参与人民英雄纪念碑设计,主持修建集美解放纪念碑,彰显了对新中国历史新纪元的纪念与宣示。此外,陈嘉庚还关心黄帝陵的修缮与保护工作,重视黄帝符号对中华民族的象征意义。陈嘉庚为推动构建新中国的象征符号系统,从而推动全体中华儿女对伟大祖国、中华民族、中华文化、中国共产党和社会主义的认同,为铸牢中华民族共同体意识做出了突出贡献。