Research on the Balanced Development of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education Through Education Resource Allocation

With the rapid development of our country’s economy,education has gradually become the focus of social attention.The problem of unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources has become increasingly prominent,urban educational resources are relatively rich,while rural educational resources are relatively scarce,and the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education has become an urgent task.This paper mainly investigates and studies the distribution of urban and rural educational resources,discusses the unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources and analyzes the reasons,and puts forward a series of corresponding solutions to promote the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education.

Analysis on the Causes of Existing Problems of Professional Knowledge of Western Rural Teachers Under the Urban and Rural Educational Planning Background

This paper adopts the self-designed questionnaire to make investigations and interviews with the rural middle and primary school teachers in Chengdu and Chongqing districts about the professional development problems of western rural teachers, and refers to the educational literature materials in western rural areas. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is known that the professional knowledge status of western rural teachers is worrying, and the reason is mainly caused by the location, policy, economy, society, continuing education and teachers＇ own factors.

Research on the Harmonious Development of New Rural Communities under the Perspective of Balancing Urban and Rural Areas

On the basis of offering a definition of New Rural Communities (NRCs), the paper analyzes the values of New Rural Communities and argues that the construction of NRCs is able to contribute to the enhancement of the comprehensive agricultural production capability as well as the development of social productivity. Meanwhile the incomes of the rural residents can be boosted, which denotes the realization of a harmonious society where the achievements of China's reform and development are shared by each citizen. Moreover, the construction of NRCs facilitates the economization of land use and thus improves the overall living standard of the residents, while helping to cut the administrative cost and promote democracy at the primary level. This paper also points out various problems arising during the construction of NRCS in China: blindly following suit in accordance with the modes of the urban communities; lack of funds, which leads to the absence of the supporting mechanisms of NRCs; vague positioning and the ensuing shortage of impetus for continued development. Finally, the paper raises the corresponding measures and suggestions: first, based on reality, make overall planning and scientific arrangement; second, the government should play the dominant role while respecting the principal position of the rural residents and introducing the market mechanism; third, increase science and technology input and attach equal importance to economic and social benefits; fourth, broaden fund-raising channels while completing the supervision mechanism.

Empirical Study of China's Rural Consumption Function from the Perspective of Balancing Urban and Rural Development

From the perspective of balancing urban and rural development,this article researches the factors influencing the consumption level of rural residents in China.I select the relevant data concerning per capita net income of rural households and annual per capita consumer spending of rural residents for living in the period 1985-2008,establish the regression model of per capita net income of rural households and per capita consumer spending of rural residents for living,and conduct regression analysis and error correction model test using the measurement software.The analysis results show that there is not only long-term equilibrium relationship between rural residents' current consumption and rural residents' current income,between rural residents' consumption in lag period 1 and rural residents' income in lag period 1,but also short-term equilibrium relationship;current income is the main reason for determining the current consumption).Corresponding proposals are put forward to promote the level of rural consumption in China as follows:propel agricultural modernization;actively develop specialized cooperative organizations of rural residents;improve rural land transfer mechanism;promote the level of public services in rural areas;accelerate the transfer of rural surplus labor.

Comparative Research on the Reform and Exploration of Balancing Urban-Rural Development

Balancing urban and rural comprehensive reform is the major reform and developmental strategy of China. On the basis of the concept and theory of balancing rural and urban reform, the two national pilot cities Chengdu, Chongqing and several provincial pilot cities including Ningbo, Yangzhou, Shaoxing and Zigong are compared. The experiences and connotation of balancing urban and rural areas are concluded from the following four aspects. Firstly, scientific plan is a prerequisite; secondly, promoting "three collections" is the core; thirdly, developing people's livelihood is the basis; fourthly, organization security is the key.

Soil quality and sustainable land use in urban-rural marginal area: a case study of Kaifeng

By using the basic theories of physical geography, land resources and ecology, this article analyzes the soil quality of the rural-urban marginal area in Kaifeng. Computer techniques, based on soil samples analysis, are used to study soil quality changes in the Kaifeng’s rural-urban marginal area. While focusing on nutrient circle key links of input and output in soil, relying on numerous practical survey data, this article reveals clearly the impact of land use change on soil quality.

Experience of Overseas Countryside Development and Construction of “Beautiful Countryside” in Zhejiang

Countryside development paths and phase characters of typical developed countries and regions were analyzed,such as the East Asian Model(Japan and South Korea),and Western European Model(Germany and the Netherlands).The former is based on the big gap between urban and rural development,and the latter is based on the balanced development of urban and rural areas,both of them achieved the world’s leading level of countryside construction.In Zhejiang Province,"China’s Beautiful Countryside"represented by Anji,and"Zhejiang Green Agricultural Product Base"represented by Xianju emerged in the county level.Motivation mechanisms for countryside development in China and abroad were analyzed,including industrial system,infrastructure,ecological environment,and local culture.

教育数字化转型进程中城乡教师协作教学的影响因素研究

明确哪些因素在教育数字化转型中支持了城乡教师之间的协作教学,研究活动采用田野工作观察、访谈与问卷调查相结合的方法,基于“四平衡”监控和学习型组织理论构建“三层级七要素模型”,并运用结构方程模型分析了问卷数据.研究发现:教师数字胜任力是核心影响要素,学校组织支持通过教师数字胜任力的中介作用间接影响协作教学;数字教学资源对协作教学有显著影响.针对这些发现,建议进一步落实组织支持,强化数字化领导场景,有效推进数字能力建设,确保数字化技术的优势能够转化为实际教学胜势;应促进数字教学资源创新应用,增强教育数字化转型的实效性和适应性.

Review of challenges and strategies for balanced urban-rural environmental protection in China

With the rise of environmentalism in China, great efforts have been devoted to environmental protec- tion over the past several decades. Compared with urban environmental protection, rural environmental protection has not been attached enough importance in China due to the dual-track structure of socio-economic development. As a result, rural China is shouldering disproportionally heavy environmental burdens partly because of the differences and biases between urban and rural environmental protection seen in environmental policies, environ- mental rights and interests, environmental protection investment, and the environmental protection awareness of people. To eliminate the gap between rural and urban environmental protection, and achieve the goal of ＂balanced urban-rural environmental protection＂ （BUREP）, government should consider mapping out proper policies and strategies. In this paper we put forward an innovative strategy of BUREP against the background of China＇s urban-rural environmental protection. First, we review the current status of rural environmental protection status and its challenges compared with urban environ- mental protection in China. Secondly, we analyzed the main driving factors and reasons deeply, and then we put forward the BUREP strategy base on the unequal status between urban and rural environment. Finally, we proposed the framework of BUREP. This study may serve as a scientific reference regarding decision-making in coordinating urban and rural environmental protection and in constructing the new countryside of China.

School and community physical activity characteristics and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among Chinese school-aged children： A multilevel path model analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between school and community physical activity(PA) characteristics and levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) among Chinese school children.Methods: Data were obtained from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study project. Participants were 80,928 school children(Grades 4–12; 39,747 boys, 41,181 girls; mean age = 13 years) and 935 physical education(PE) teachers who completed a study survey.Independent variables included both school-related factors(school-level PA support, availability of and access to PA facilities, and the duration of school PE classes) and community-related factors(the frequency of sports events, sports training opportunities, availability of sports clubs and organizations, and access to PA facilities). The dependent variable was the children's self-reported participation in MVPA. The data were analyzed,in 2017, via multilevel modeling.Results: PA support from school administrators was the only school-level factor significantly related to children's participation in MVPA.Children's perceptions of the frequency of community-sponsored sports events, availability of sports clubs and organizations, and convenient access to PA facilities were associated with a high level of MVPA participation. In regard to residency in urban and rural areas, children attending urban schools who perceived high availability of PA facilities were associated with a low level of participation in MVPA.Conclusion: School support for PA and community PA resources are associated with MVPA among Chinese school children. School PA facilities appear underutilized among urban schools as evidenced by low levels of MVPA among school children.

如何优化乡村小规模学校布局

乡村小规模学校布局优化是城乡教育一体化发展的重点和难点,更是确保乡村儿童接受公平优质教育的重要基础。但现实中,小规模学校布局仍存在诸多问题:布局分散程度高;决策中缺少科学的程序和技术;布局规划中学校教育资源不足、弱势学生入学机会不均等;校际空间隔离,跨校资源共享难以稳定持续等。因此,应进一步明确小规模学校布局优化的逻辑理路:以教育规划理论引领布局优化的教育功能发挥;以“公平、效率、质量”框架重构布局规划目标;以“集中+分散”布局结构为乡村振兴奠定教育服务基础;以“入学可达性提升”促进乡村儿童入学机会均等;以资源均衡配置促进城乡学校一体化发展。同时,围绕“空间可达、服务范围、学校规模、校际发展优质均衡程度、能否促进学校传承乡土文化”等维度因地制宜设置学校布局标准,并提供支持性策略,主要包括:综合区位因素,构建小规模学校布局与乡村振兴规划融合系统;以参与式GIS技术为基础,优化学校布局规划程序;强化各级政府责任,妥善处理好布局规划中的伴生问题;共享教育资源,促进小规模学校与县镇学校一体化发展。

数字化转型背景下县域城乡教师网络研修:样态、困境与破解

县域城乡师资均衡配置是义务教育优质均衡发展的重点,也是难点。网络研修为突破这一难点提供了数字化战略选择。如何推进县域城乡教师网络研修,是县域义务教育数字化转型不得不面对的问题,必须予以高度重视。县域城乡教师网络研修主要存在区域常规式网络研修、名师引领式网络研修和校际协同式网络研修三种样态。县域城乡教师网络研修“形象”虽已数字化,但“灵魂”依旧停留在工业化阶段,整体上还是依附于原有的教师研修体制机制,沿用了传统教师研修的方式、方法。数字化与工业化的矛盾引发了县域城乡教师网络研修的诸多困境。破解困境的根本出路在于实施供给改革,由原来的供给驱动转变为需求驱动;关键在于统筹规划,以教学实践为核心构建“教—研—训”一体化研修体系;落脚点在于以方法创新推进数字技术与教师研修深度融合。

我国义务教育优质均衡发展的现实困境与战略选择

义务教育优质均衡发展是我国义务教育发展的新目标、新任务。义务教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化是两个紧密相连的动态过程,二者相互依存、相互促进、相互融合。由于城乡之间在经济发展、体制机制、社会文化和资源配置等方面长期以来存在较大差距,我国在推动实现义务教育优质均衡发展进程中,仍然面临义务教育评价功利化、多主体协作浅表化、乡村文化底蕴流失、软硬件资源投入不均等困境。为解决这些困境,需要从价值引导、政策推动、文化认同和历史趋向的角度厘清义务教育优质均衡发展的内在逻辑理路,进而搭建城乡义务教育优质均衡发展的逻辑架构,为我国义务教育城乡一体化发展提供战略选择。

城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策与城乡收入差距

在空间均衡视角下,建立理论模型分析城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策对城乡收入差距的影响,并通过实证分析进行政策评估的结果表明:增减挂钩政策能够提高城乡居民人均收入,但是对城市居民人均收入提高幅度更多,从而加大城乡收入差距。如果配套实施农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策,在提高城乡居民人均收入的同时,这种综合性改革能够促使农村人均收入提高幅度更大,进而缩小城乡收入差距。随后,基于2000—2016年省级面板数据,采用逐期双重差分法与合成控制法分别评估城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策与配套实施农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策对城乡收入差距影响的实证结果发现:自2006年实施增减挂钩政策后,增减挂钩试点省份的城乡收入差距均值提升0.125,达到2.820;自2008年实施配套农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策后,重庆市的城乡收入差距均值下降0.261,达到3.043。基于此,在城乡融合背景下,我们应建立健全城乡统一建设用地市场制度。

基于Theil指数的长春市城乡义务教育资源配置问题研究

城乡均衡是义务教育均衡发展的重中之重.采用Theil指数分析方法,对2016年至2020年长春城乡义务教育均衡发展情况进行实证研究,重点关注以均衡发展为目标的资源配置指标,如人力资源、物力资源指标.在对2类资源、6项指标现状及问题分析的基础上,提出推进城乡义务教育均衡发展的建议.

中国城乡教师交流轮岗政策的历史变迁、演进逻辑与未来走向

乡村教师作为教育教学活动的主体,直接影响着乡村教育教学质量,更关系到乡村振兴的人才根基。中国城乡教师交流轮岗政策大致经历了初步探索、规范建制、制度深化三个阶段。在此过程中,城乡教师交流轮岗政策的动力机制、价值取向、过程保障和话语体系有着自身的演进逻辑。该政策的未来走向将以“省域统筹、县管校聘、弱势补偿”为动力机制、以确立城乡师资优质均衡发展为价值取向、以健全城乡交流轮岗教师在地化发展为过程保障、以契合多元主体的利益诉求为政策话语,从而构成未来城乡教师交流轮岗政策的新框架。

积极应对人口老龄化战略下养老服务的均衡发展

党的二十大将实现养老服务均衡发展摆在了突出位置。在以均衡治理原则助推高质量发展的格局下,老龄化国家战略再次升级了养老服务在格局、空间、模式、性质、内容五个方面的均衡关系。然而,由于多重原因,目前我国养老服务均衡发展中存在保障对象收入差异的起点非均衡、准入条件欠缺灵活的过程非均衡、运作机制维持困境的结构非均衡问题。在积极应对人口老龄化战略背景下,亟需实现养老服务的结构优化、功能提升、内容提质,并需重点关注:一是基本养老服务均衡化的基础环境已初步形成;二是科学把握城乡区域人口老龄化分布格局趋势;三是改变现有基本养老服务制度建设的基本理念;四是区域一体化是基本养老服务均衡化的重要步伐;五是坚持基本养老服务制度全国统筹的基本思路;六是建立新型的基本养老服务事权格局。

数字化驱动中国城乡均衡发展的机制与保障

城乡融合发展是中国式现代化的必然要求,数字化的技术工具、运行平台和发展模式已成为推动城乡均衡发展的核心驱动力。数字化的中国城乡均衡发展应是一个具有自组织自适应能力的动态系统和开放式创新生态系统,数字化逆转中国城乡发展差序格局的五大主要路径包括:精准匹配公共服务、实时分享生产要素、促进创新创业活动、降低市场准入门槛和弥合城乡文化断层。数字化驱动中国城乡均衡发展的重点策略应聚焦于加快硬件基础设施建设,培育数据新型生产要素,构建多层次的中国空间均衡发展体系。

俄罗斯农村学校发展的现实问题与化解路径

农村学校是世界各国提高教育质量的关注焦点。俄罗斯农村学校发展呈现总量持续减少、小规模学校比例较高、发展具有地区差异、社会文化属性较强的特征,面临学校规模缩减影响教育质量、缺乏承担不同职能的教职人员、缺乏现代化的教学条件及基础设施、教师缺少教学方法支持、现行教育质量评估方法不切合实际的现实问题。在实践中,俄罗斯探索了多种解决现实问题的路径:创新农村学校组织模式、开发农村教师引才计划、创建现代化教育环境、加强对农村教师的教学方法支持、探索行之有效的教学方式和评估方法。我国应借鉴俄罗斯解决农村学校发展现实问题的经验,在组织模式、引才机制、教育环境建设、教学方法支持、教育评价机制方面进一步优化创新。

城乡义务教育优质均衡发展政策的演进、逻辑与路向

城乡义务教育优质均衡发展既有利于促进城乡一体化建设,也有利于实现社会公平与正义的目标。在城乡义务教育优质均衡发展过程中,政策支持是实现教育公平发展目标的“稳定器”,即政策在顶层设计与具体实践中能有效把握义务教育发展方向、诊断义务教育症结和促进义务教育改革。从政策演进来看,义务教育政策经历了从非均衡到基本均衡再到优质均衡三个发展阶段;从政策逻辑来看,义务教育优质均衡政策经历了目标上保底到促优、内容上模糊到清晰以及主体职能上错位到归位的演变过程;从政策的优化路径来看,城乡义务教育政策不仅要打破以往“自上而下”政策顶层设计与“自下而上”政策实践的惯性思维;更需要在多样性政策制定、动态性政策执行与有效性政策评估中夯实其发展基础。