Three recent breakthroughs due to AI in arts and science serve as motivation:An award winning digital image,protein folding,fast matrix multiplication.Many recent developments in artificial neural networks,particularl...Three recent breakthroughs due to AI in arts and science serve as motivation:An award winning digital image,protein folding,fast matrix multiplication.Many recent developments in artificial neural networks,particularly deep learning(DL),applied and relevant to computational mechanics(solid,fluids,finite-element technology)are reviewed in detail.Both hybrid and pure machine learning(ML)methods are discussed.Hybrid methods combine traditional PDE discretizations with ML methods either(1)to help model complex nonlinear constitutive relations,(2)to nonlinearly reduce the model order for efficient simulation(turbulence),or(3)to accelerate the simulation by predicting certain components in the traditional integration methods.Here,methods(1)and(2)relied on Long-Short-Term Memory(LSTM)architecture,with method(3)relying on convolutional neural networks.Pure ML methods to solve(nonlinear)PDEs are represented by Physics-Informed Neural network(PINN)methods,which could be combined with attention mechanism to address discontinuous solutions.Both LSTM and attention architectures,together with modern and generalized classic optimizers to include stochasticity for DL networks,are extensively reviewed.Kernel machines,including Gaussian processes,are provided to sufficient depth for more advanced works such as shallow networks with infinite width.Not only addressing experts,readers are assumed familiar with computational mechanics,but not with DL,whose concepts and applications are built up from the basics,aiming at bringing first-time learners quickly to the forefront of research.History and limitations of AI are recounted and discussed,with particular attention at pointing out misstatements or misconceptions of the classics,even in well-known references.Positioning and pointing control of a large-deformable beam is given as an example.展开更多
The unique geographical environment,beautiful landscape,simple Hakka customs,long cultural history and harmonious social environment,all of them contain the endless potential of for the integration of culture and tour...The unique geographical environment,beautiful landscape,simple Hakka customs,long cultural history and harmonious social environment,all of them contain the endless potential of for the integration of culture and tourism of Xingguo Mountain Song.展开更多
This research seeks to add to the body of scholarship on the history of cosmetic surgery and American journalism and is guided by the following two-part research questions： How did newspapers and magazines frame plas...This research seeks to add to the body of scholarship on the history of cosmetic surgery and American journalism and is guided by the following two-part research questions： How did newspapers and magazines frame plastic surgery between 1914 and 1950 and did the frames vary by year or did they recur throughout the time period studied？ The purpose here is not to argue that the press had a direct effect on the way beauty was defined within the cultural landscape of the early 20th century, but to examine the way plastic surgery＇s frame in the popular press shifted from reconstructing war-maimed soldiers to beautifying ordinary citizens.展开更多
BACKGROUND The orbital venous malformation is quite common in orbital diseases.Clinically,it is usually characterized by proptosis.However,among patients with distensible venous malformations,if the lesions continuous...BACKGROUND The orbital venous malformation is quite common in orbital diseases.Clinically,it is usually characterized by proptosis.However,among patients with distensible venous malformations,if the lesions continuously progress,they may induce enlargement of the orbital bone or orbital lipoatrophy,which in turn leads to enophthalmos.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a patient who presented with enophthalmos and had a severe absence of intra-orbital fat secondary to orbital venous malformation.The patient was a 66-year-old female with a 20-year history of enophthalmos.Hertel exophthalmometry readings in a relaxed upright position were 4 mm OD and 13 mm OS with a 97 mm base.It was determined that she had positional“proptosis”.Physical examination also revealed a bulging mass on her hard palate.Computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed an expansion of the right orbit with local bony defects and multiple soft-tissue masses.CONCLUSION Long-term lack of awareness about the presence of orbital venous malformations,persistent venous congestion could lead to compression of the orbital fat,which in turn induces atrophy or the absence of intra-orbital fat.展开更多
Nature's greatest splendors are often secreted in the remotest of spots. This is certainly true of Kanas Lake, deep in the Altay Mountains of northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This area of sublime, and as...Nature's greatest splendors are often secreted in the remotest of spots. This is certainly true of Kanas Lake, deep in the Altay Mountains of northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This area of sublime, and as yet unsullied, natural beauty is home to 2,000 people of the Tuwa ethnic minority. The ancestry of these herder-hunters is unclear. Certain anthropologists believe that they are descended from Genghis Khan's "Mongol hordes" that swept through on their 13th century rampage of Central Asia and Europe. Others argue that they are the posterity of Siberian migrants, and cousins to the Tuvan people of Russia.展开更多
In the eastern part of Beijing, there is a quiet and ancient lane known as Guozijian Street, which was the location of the school of highest learning during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties (1271-1911). The Capital M...In the eastern part of Beijing, there is a quiet and ancient lane known as Guozijian Street, which was the location of the school of highest learning during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties (1271-1911). The Capital Museum is located inside the Temple of Confucius on this street. To help展开更多
For a long time,I took photos in arandom and purposeless way,focusing solely on the techniques that could create beautiful but worthless visuals.Gradually,I started to hope that I could record the valuable items that ...For a long time,I took photos in arandom and purposeless way,focusing solely on the techniques that could create beautiful but worthless visuals.Gradually,I started to hope that I could record the valuable items that I cared about.展开更多
文摘Three recent breakthroughs due to AI in arts and science serve as motivation:An award winning digital image,protein folding,fast matrix multiplication.Many recent developments in artificial neural networks,particularly deep learning(DL),applied and relevant to computational mechanics(solid,fluids,finite-element technology)are reviewed in detail.Both hybrid and pure machine learning(ML)methods are discussed.Hybrid methods combine traditional PDE discretizations with ML methods either(1)to help model complex nonlinear constitutive relations,(2)to nonlinearly reduce the model order for efficient simulation(turbulence),or(3)to accelerate the simulation by predicting certain components in the traditional integration methods.Here,methods(1)and(2)relied on Long-Short-Term Memory(LSTM)architecture,with method(3)relying on convolutional neural networks.Pure ML methods to solve(nonlinear)PDEs are represented by Physics-Informed Neural network(PINN)methods,which could be combined with attention mechanism to address discontinuous solutions.Both LSTM and attention architectures,together with modern and generalized classic optimizers to include stochasticity for DL networks,are extensively reviewed.Kernel machines,including Gaussian processes,are provided to sufficient depth for more advanced works such as shallow networks with infinite width.Not only addressing experts,readers are assumed familiar with computational mechanics,but not with DL,whose concepts and applications are built up from the basics,aiming at bringing first-time learners quickly to the forefront of research.History and limitations of AI are recounted and discussed,with particular attention at pointing out misstatements or misconceptions of the classics,even in well-known references.Positioning and pointing control of a large-deformable beam is given as an example.
文摘The unique geographical environment,beautiful landscape,simple Hakka customs,long cultural history and harmonious social environment,all of them contain the endless potential of for the integration of culture and tourism of Xingguo Mountain Song.
文摘This research seeks to add to the body of scholarship on the history of cosmetic surgery and American journalism and is guided by the following two-part research questions： How did newspapers and magazines frame plastic surgery between 1914 and 1950 and did the frames vary by year or did they recur throughout the time period studied？ The purpose here is not to argue that the press had a direct effect on the way beauty was defined within the cultural landscape of the early 20th century, but to examine the way plastic surgery＇s frame in the popular press shifted from reconstructing war-maimed soldiers to beautifying ordinary citizens.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770961.
文摘BACKGROUND The orbital venous malformation is quite common in orbital diseases.Clinically,it is usually characterized by proptosis.However,among patients with distensible venous malformations,if the lesions continuously progress,they may induce enlargement of the orbital bone or orbital lipoatrophy,which in turn leads to enophthalmos.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a patient who presented with enophthalmos and had a severe absence of intra-orbital fat secondary to orbital venous malformation.The patient was a 66-year-old female with a 20-year history of enophthalmos.Hertel exophthalmometry readings in a relaxed upright position were 4 mm OD and 13 mm OS with a 97 mm base.It was determined that she had positional“proptosis”.Physical examination also revealed a bulging mass on her hard palate.Computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed an expansion of the right orbit with local bony defects and multiple soft-tissue masses.CONCLUSION Long-term lack of awareness about the presence of orbital venous malformations,persistent venous congestion could lead to compression of the orbital fat,which in turn induces atrophy or the absence of intra-orbital fat.
文摘Nature's greatest splendors are often secreted in the remotest of spots. This is certainly true of Kanas Lake, deep in the Altay Mountains of northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This area of sublime, and as yet unsullied, natural beauty is home to 2,000 people of the Tuwa ethnic minority. The ancestry of these herder-hunters is unclear. Certain anthropologists believe that they are descended from Genghis Khan's "Mongol hordes" that swept through on their 13th century rampage of Central Asia and Europe. Others argue that they are the posterity of Siberian migrants, and cousins to the Tuvan people of Russia.
文摘In the eastern part of Beijing, there is a quiet and ancient lane known as Guozijian Street, which was the location of the school of highest learning during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties (1271-1911). The Capital Museum is located inside the Temple of Confucius on this street. To help
文摘For a long time,I took photos in arandom and purposeless way,focusing solely on the techniques that could create beautiful but worthless visuals.Gradually,I started to hope that I could record the valuable items that I cared about.
