In the process of urbanization,there are problems of decline in rural population,shrinkage of rural area,and constant increase in the per-capita net income of rural residents. These problems have brought about new cha...In the process of urbanization,there are problems of decline in rural population,shrinkage of rural area,and constant increase in the per-capita net income of rural residents. These problems have brought about new characteristics and changes to the consumption structure of rural residents. This paper divided the urbanization into population urbanization,industrial urbanization and land urbanization. Using the panel data of 31 provinces in 2004-2013,it established the dynamic panel model and analyzed the effects of different types of urbanization on the consumption structure of rural residents. Results indicated that population urbanization exerts a negative effect on development-oriented consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on enjoyment consumption expenditure; the industrial urbanization exerts a negative effect on the consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on clothing and transportation communication consumption of rural residents; land urbanization exerts a negative effect on medical care expenditure in enjoyment consumption of rural residents. In view of these problems,it came up with recommendations,including stimulating the development of rural consumer market,liberating the consumption potentiality of rural areas,making clear emphasis points of different types of urbanization,avoiding promoting the urbanization in a blind manner,and adjusting the development of different types of urbanization on the basis of the consumption demands of rural residents.展开更多
As one of the necessities of life,clothing is on the important position in the daily life of urban and rural residents. Firstly,the paper carries out the descriptive statistical analysis about clothing consumption exp...As one of the necessities of life,clothing is on the important position in the daily life of urban and rural residents. Firstly,the paper carries out the descriptive statistical analysis about clothing consumption expenditures of urban and rural residents; secondly,based on questionnaires of 543 urban and rural residents in 16 provinces,this paper analyses structure and trend of urban and rural residents' clothing consumption. The results show that per capita clothing consumption expenditure of urban and rural residents present growth on the whole,but the gap between the two is gradually expanding; clothing consumption expenditure have differences in different regions; the differences of different income levels are also obvious; urban and rural residents' clothing consumption structure tends to be more diversified,cotton goods and chemical fiber goods is the main variety of clothing consumption,including down feather,cotton and chemical fiber is the main variety of coat,and cotton,chemical fiber and wool is the main variety of suit and knitwear; cotton goods,down goods and woolen goods will be the fiber goods that urban and rural residents buy more in the future; clothing consumption demand will pursue for band,comfort and personality; female residents will still be the main force of clothing consumption. Finally,the paper puts forward some recommendations on the basis of analysis results.展开更多
With rapid urbanization process, the pace of urban sprawl has been quickened and most metropolises have ex-perienced expansions in leaps and bounds in suburbanization, which has greatly changed the urban and rural spa...With rapid urbanization process, the pace of urban sprawl has been quickened and most metropolises have ex-perienced expansions in leaps and bounds in suburbanization, which has greatly changed the urban and rural spatial struc-ture of the metropolis fringe area. In this paper, Shuangliu County is taken as a case, since it is a typical fringe area of Chengdu Metropolis. Based on Landsat TM images of Chengdu City and Shuangliu County obtained in 1985, 2000 and 2004, characteristics of urban and rural spatial structure in Shuangliu County were analyzed, such as core-periphery spa-tial structure and some obvious integration trends. Then the influencing factors for the formation of urban and rural spatial structure were identified, including some natural, social, economic and political factors. According to the discussion of this paper, Shuangliu County is undergoing a key transition and reform period. Its formation of urban and rural spatial structure was affected not only by such common factors as the location, natural background, industrial transition, migra-tion, etc., but also by some unique factors such as city planning and policy guidance, which played an important role in accelerating its uneven spatial structure. The understanding of the role of the influencing factors would be useful for car-rying out spatial management and development planning of metropolis fringe area.展开更多
Using ELES model and econometric methods,in the context of new urbanization,we use the time series data on the consumer spending of rural residents in Chongqing City to perform an empirical analysis of the consumer de...Using ELES model and econometric methods,in the context of new urbanization,we use the time series data on the consumer spending of rural residents in Chongqing City to perform an empirical analysis of the consumer demand structure of rural residents,reveal the characteristics,differences and changes concerning the consumption structure of rural residents in Chongqing City,and set forth some policy recommendations such as carrying out the new rural construction,optimizing the consumption structure,establishing sound social security system and income growth mechanism,and stabilizing the price level.展开更多
In this paper, the effect of the mediation effect is mainly used to test and analyze the regression model, and most scholars have studied the impact of the modernization of the industrial structure on the income gap. ...In this paper, the effect of the mediation effect is mainly used to test and analyze the regression model, and most scholars have studied the impact of the modernization of the industrial structure on the income gap. However, this paper is from another perspective, based on the social background of high-quality development, the main study is the impact mechanism of urban and rural income gap on the industrial structure, taking the Yangtze River Delta as the main research object, and specifically selecting 22 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, which is also one of the highlights of this study. The regression model is constructed by using the intermediary effect, and the four intermediary variables of fiscal expenditure (M<sub>1</sub>), fixed asset investment (M<sub>2</sub>), number of patent applications (M<sub>3</sub>), and total import and export (M<sub>4</sub>) are selected, which represent the role of the government, fixed asset investment, scientific and technological level and opening-up level, and study and analyze the inherent influence mechanism between each variable. Before doing specific research, I consulted the papers and literature of many other outstanding scholars, among which Cheng Yuhong and Cheng Chi’s “The Influence Mechanism of industrial structure of urban and rural income gap” [1] has great reference value for this paper. According to the research results, under the background of high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region, the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas will inhibit the upgrading of the industrial structure, so it is necessary to focus on building a new type of urbanization, accelerating the construction of an urban innovation system, optimizing the rural employment structure to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and providing impetus for the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure.展开更多
Taking northern Jiangsu area as an example,economic disparity between urban and rural areas is described according to the data in 2000-2009 Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook.Result shows that there are significant differen...Taking northern Jiangsu area as an example,economic disparity between urban and rural areas is described according to the data in 2000-2009 Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook.Result shows that there are significant differences in the rural and urban economic development in less developed areas,which are mainly reflected in the differences in per capita income,living standard,and Engel coefficient.Reasons for urban and rural economic disparity in less developed areas are analyzed.The asymmetry and immobility of rural and urban resources have objectively caused the income gap between urban and rural residents;urban industrial development,which is faster than agricultural development,has widened the income gap between urban and rural residents;and the differences in comparative labor productivity in rural and urban areas have enlarged their income gap.Countermeasures to minimize the urban and rural economic development gap are put forward,such as deepening the reform,realizing the free flow of economic resources between urban and rural areas,developing rural areas through urban development,exerting the function of urban areas in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,paying attention to the agriculture and rural areas,and improving the comparative labor productivity of agriculture.展开更多
Urbanization is one of the driving forces for the land use change in type and structure, and its prominent effect is to convert rural land to urban land. This paper takes Shan-dong Province as an example to analyze th...Urbanization is one of the driving forces for the land use change in type and structure, and its prominent effect is to convert rural land to urban land. This paper takes Shan-dong Province as an example to analyze the current situation of the mutual conversion between the urban and rural areas from the aspects of the structure of land use, the decreasing tendency of the cultivated land, the changes of land use in urban and rural residential areas. It points out that cultivated land is converted to residential area land, industrial and/or mining area land. The relationship between the urban area land and the cultivated land is more direct; meanwhile, the changes of rural residential area lag behind obviously. The decrease of the cultivated land and the decline of soil quality will be the two difficult problems in the process of urbanization.展开更多
On the basis of introducing relevant theories of Engel's coefficient,this paper analyzes the limitation of these theories in practical application currently in China,for example,continuing to use original theory,n...On the basis of introducing relevant theories of Engel's coefficient,this paper analyzes the limitation of these theories in practical application currently in China,for example,continuing to use original theory,not in line with reality of China;comparison invalidity in length and breadth,is not conducive to relevant analysis;culling out the special factors easily causes distortion of conclusion.Taking rural areas in Hebei Province as an example,this paper analyzes the limitation of Engel's coefficient in analyzing the gap of rural economy:in terms of region horizontally,Engel's coefficient neglects the difference of consumption structure among regions,and difference of economic stages among regions;in terms of time vertically,Engel's coefficient neglects the periodic change of consumption structure and the ratio change of different families in different periods.According to the reality of China's rural areas,the correction model of Engel's coefficient is established as follows.Firstly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of total expenditure variation;Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of income variation.Secondly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of variation of(total expenditure educational expenditure-medical expenditure.Thirdly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of total expenditure variation.展开更多
Since the late 1970s, with the rapid growth of China’s economy, the income levels of both urban and rural residents have risen significantly, and their standard of living has fundamentally improved. However, a dispar...Since the late 1970s, with the rapid growth of China’s economy, the income levels of both urban and rural residents have risen significantly, and their standard of living has fundamentally improved. However, a disparity in income growth between the two exists, and the disparities in relative and absolute income have experienced a period of long-term expansion, which has led to the long-time widening of the consumption gap. There are several indicators of these disparities: the proportion of urban and rural consumption compared to the national level, the changes measured by the Engel’s coefficient, residents’ possession of consumer durables in the countryside, etc. The expanding disparity in consumption between urban and rural residents is neither conducive to meeting aggregate domestic demand, nor to upgrading the industrial structure. In this regard, measures must be taken to curb the expanding urban and rural income gap, so as to help rural incomes grow more quickly and further promote China’s economic growth and social stability.展开更多
文摘In the process of urbanization,there are problems of decline in rural population,shrinkage of rural area,and constant increase in the per-capita net income of rural residents. These problems have brought about new characteristics and changes to the consumption structure of rural residents. This paper divided the urbanization into population urbanization,industrial urbanization and land urbanization. Using the panel data of 31 provinces in 2004-2013,it established the dynamic panel model and analyzed the effects of different types of urbanization on the consumption structure of rural residents. Results indicated that population urbanization exerts a negative effect on development-oriented consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on enjoyment consumption expenditure; the industrial urbanization exerts a negative effect on the consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on clothing and transportation communication consumption of rural residents; land urbanization exerts a negative effect on medical care expenditure in enjoyment consumption of rural residents. In view of these problems,it came up with recommendations,including stimulating the development of rural consumer market,liberating the consumption potentiality of rural areas,making clear emphasis points of different types of urbanization,avoiding promoting the urbanization in a blind manner,and adjusting the development of different types of urbanization on the basis of the consumption demands of rural residents.
基金Supported by Industrial Economic Research of National Fluff Sheep Industry Technology System(CARS-40-20)
文摘As one of the necessities of life,clothing is on the important position in the daily life of urban and rural residents. Firstly,the paper carries out the descriptive statistical analysis about clothing consumption expenditures of urban and rural residents; secondly,based on questionnaires of 543 urban and rural residents in 16 provinces,this paper analyses structure and trend of urban and rural residents' clothing consumption. The results show that per capita clothing consumption expenditure of urban and rural residents present growth on the whole,but the gap between the two is gradually expanding; clothing consumption expenditure have differences in different regions; the differences of different income levels are also obvious; urban and rural residents' clothing consumption structure tends to be more diversified,cotton goods and chemical fiber goods is the main variety of clothing consumption,including down feather,cotton and chemical fiber is the main variety of coat,and cotton,chemical fiber and wool is the main variety of suit and knitwear; cotton goods,down goods and woolen goods will be the fiber goods that urban and rural residents buy more in the future; clothing consumption demand will pursue for band,comfort and personality; female residents will still be the main force of clothing consumption. Finally,the paper puts forward some recommendations on the basis of analysis results.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 40571056)
文摘With rapid urbanization process, the pace of urban sprawl has been quickened and most metropolises have ex-perienced expansions in leaps and bounds in suburbanization, which has greatly changed the urban and rural spatial struc-ture of the metropolis fringe area. In this paper, Shuangliu County is taken as a case, since it is a typical fringe area of Chengdu Metropolis. Based on Landsat TM images of Chengdu City and Shuangliu County obtained in 1985, 2000 and 2004, characteristics of urban and rural spatial structure in Shuangliu County were analyzed, such as core-periphery spa-tial structure and some obvious integration trends. Then the influencing factors for the formation of urban and rural spatial structure were identified, including some natural, social, economic and political factors. According to the discussion of this paper, Shuangliu County is undergoing a key transition and reform period. Its formation of urban and rural spatial structure was affected not only by such common factors as the location, natural background, industrial transition, migra-tion, etc., but also by some unique factors such as city planning and policy guidance, which played an important role in accelerating its uneven spatial structure. The understanding of the role of the influencing factors would be useful for car-rying out spatial management and development planning of metropolis fringe area.
基金Supported by Key Research Project of the Ministry of EducationFundamental Research Funds for Central Universities
文摘Using ELES model and econometric methods,in the context of new urbanization,we use the time series data on the consumer spending of rural residents in Chongqing City to perform an empirical analysis of the consumer demand structure of rural residents,reveal the characteristics,differences and changes concerning the consumption structure of rural residents in Chongqing City,and set forth some policy recommendations such as carrying out the new rural construction,optimizing the consumption structure,establishing sound social security system and income growth mechanism,and stabilizing the price level.
文摘In this paper, the effect of the mediation effect is mainly used to test and analyze the regression model, and most scholars have studied the impact of the modernization of the industrial structure on the income gap. However, this paper is from another perspective, based on the social background of high-quality development, the main study is the impact mechanism of urban and rural income gap on the industrial structure, taking the Yangtze River Delta as the main research object, and specifically selecting 22 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, which is also one of the highlights of this study. The regression model is constructed by using the intermediary effect, and the four intermediary variables of fiscal expenditure (M<sub>1</sub>), fixed asset investment (M<sub>2</sub>), number of patent applications (M<sub>3</sub>), and total import and export (M<sub>4</sub>) are selected, which represent the role of the government, fixed asset investment, scientific and technological level and opening-up level, and study and analyze the inherent influence mechanism between each variable. Before doing specific research, I consulted the papers and literature of many other outstanding scholars, among which Cheng Yuhong and Cheng Chi’s “The Influence Mechanism of industrial structure of urban and rural income gap” [1] has great reference value for this paper. According to the research results, under the background of high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region, the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas will inhibit the upgrading of the industrial structure, so it is necessary to focus on building a new type of urbanization, accelerating the construction of an urban innovation system, optimizing the rural employment structure to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and providing impetus for the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure.
文摘Taking northern Jiangsu area as an example,economic disparity between urban and rural areas is described according to the data in 2000-2009 Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook.Result shows that there are significant differences in the rural and urban economic development in less developed areas,which are mainly reflected in the differences in per capita income,living standard,and Engel coefficient.Reasons for urban and rural economic disparity in less developed areas are analyzed.The asymmetry and immobility of rural and urban resources have objectively caused the income gap between urban and rural residents;urban industrial development,which is faster than agricultural development,has widened the income gap between urban and rural residents;and the differences in comparative labor productivity in rural and urban areas have enlarged their income gap.Countermeasures to minimize the urban and rural economic development gap are put forward,such as deepening the reform,realizing the free flow of economic resources between urban and rural areas,developing rural areas through urban development,exerting the function of urban areas in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,paying attention to the agriculture and rural areas,and improving the comparative labor productivity of agriculture.
文摘Urbanization is one of the driving forces for the land use change in type and structure, and its prominent effect is to convert rural land to urban land. This paper takes Shan-dong Province as an example to analyze the current situation of the mutual conversion between the urban and rural areas from the aspects of the structure of land use, the decreasing tendency of the cultivated land, the changes of land use in urban and rural residential areas. It points out that cultivated land is converted to residential area land, industrial and/or mining area land. The relationship between the urban area land and the cultivated land is more direct; meanwhile, the changes of rural residential area lag behind obviously. The decrease of the cultivated land and the decline of soil quality will be the two difficult problems in the process of urbanization.
文摘On the basis of introducing relevant theories of Engel's coefficient,this paper analyzes the limitation of these theories in practical application currently in China,for example,continuing to use original theory,not in line with reality of China;comparison invalidity in length and breadth,is not conducive to relevant analysis;culling out the special factors easily causes distortion of conclusion.Taking rural areas in Hebei Province as an example,this paper analyzes the limitation of Engel's coefficient in analyzing the gap of rural economy:in terms of region horizontally,Engel's coefficient neglects the difference of consumption structure among regions,and difference of economic stages among regions;in terms of time vertically,Engel's coefficient neglects the periodic change of consumption structure and the ratio change of different families in different periods.According to the reality of China's rural areas,the correction model of Engel's coefficient is established as follows.Firstly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of total expenditure variation;Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of income variation.Secondly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of variation of(total expenditure educational expenditure-medical expenditure.Thirdly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of total expenditure variation.
文摘Since the late 1970s, with the rapid growth of China’s economy, the income levels of both urban and rural residents have risen significantly, and their standard of living has fundamentally improved. However, a disparity in income growth between the two exists, and the disparities in relative and absolute income have experienced a period of long-term expansion, which has led to the long-time widening of the consumption gap. There are several indicators of these disparities: the proportion of urban and rural consumption compared to the national level, the changes measured by the Engel’s coefficient, residents’ possession of consumer durables in the countryside, etc. The expanding disparity in consumption between urban and rural residents is neither conducive to meeting aggregate domestic demand, nor to upgrading the industrial structure. In this regard, measures must be taken to curb the expanding urban and rural income gap, so as to help rural incomes grow more quickly and further promote China’s economic growth and social stability.