The generation and properties of human cortical organoids as a disease model for malformations of cortical development

As three-dimensional“organ-like”aggregates,human cortical organoids have emerged as powerful models for studying human brain evolution and brain disorders with unique advantages of humanspecificity,fidelity and manipulation.Human cortical organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells can elaborately replicate many of the key properties of human cortical development at the molecular,cellular,structural,and functional levels,including the anatomy,functional neural network,and interaction among different brain regions,thus facilitating the discovery of brain development and evolution.In addition to studying the neuro-electrophysiological features of brain cortex development,human cortical organoids have been widely used to mimic the pathophysiological features of cortical-related disease,especially in mimicking malformations of cortical development,thus revealing pathological mechanism and identifying effective drugs.In this review,we provide an overview of the generation of human cortical organoids and the properties of recapitulated cortical development and further outline their applications in modeling malformations of cortical development including pathological phenotype,underlying mechanisms and rescue strategies.

Linear Mixed Model Analysis of Worldwide Longitudinal Infant Mortality Rate Data and Association with Human Development Index

A linear mixed model is used to determine the explaining infant mortality rate data of United Nations countries. The HDI （human development index） has a significant negative linear relationship with infant mortality rate. United Nations data shows that the infant mortality rate has a descending trend over the period 1990-2010. This study aims to assess the value of the HDI as a predictor of infant mortality rate. Findings in the paper suggest that significant percentage reductions in infant mortality might be possible for countries for controlling the HDI.

The Basic Direction of China's Human Rights Development

In 1991,the State Council Information office released the white paper Human Rights in China,which promoted China’s progress towards an era of protecting rights.The Chinese government has always believed that human rights development is compatible with economic development,and on this basis has continuously adjusted the level of human rights protection and practices.In terms of goals,China has developed from meeting people’s basic needs to delivering a better life;in terms of role positioning,China has transformed from an active participant to an active promoter;in terms of development mode,China has shifted from balanced development to coordinated advancement;in terms of discourse expression,China has changed from political discourse to law-based discourse.

Development of a risk score to guide targeted hepatitis C testing among human immunodeficiency virus patients in Cambodia

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recommends testing all human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients for hepatitis C virus(HCV).In resource-constrained contexts with low-to-intermediate HCV prevalence among HIV patients,as in Cambodia,targeted testing is,in the short-term,potentially more feasible and cost-effective.AIM To develop a clinical prediction score(CPS)to risk-stratify HIV patients for HCV coinfection(HCV RNA detected),and derive a decision rule to guide prioritization of HCV testing in settings where‘testing all’is not feasible or unaffordable in the short term.METHODS We used data of a cross-sectional HCV diagnostic study in the HIV cohort of Sihanouk Hospital Center of Hope in Phnom Penh.Key populations were very rare in this cohort.Score development relied on the Spiegelhalter and Knill-Jones method.Predictors with an adjusted likelihood ratio≥1.5 or≤0.67 were retained,transformed to natural logarithms,and rounded to integers as score items.CPS performance was evaluated by the area-under-the-ROC curve(AUROC)with 95% confidence intervals(CI),and diagnostic accuracy at the different cut-offs.For the decision rule,HCV coinfection probability≥1% was agreed as test-threshold.RESULTS Among the 3045 enrolled HIV patients,106 had an HCV coinfection.Of the 11 candidate predictors(from history-taking,laboratory testing),seven had an adjusted likelihood ratio≥1.5 or≤0.67:≥50 years(+1 point),diabetes mellitus(+1),partner/household member with liver disease(+1),generalized pruritus(+1),platelets<200×10^(9)/L(+1),aspartate transaminase(AST)<30 IU/L(-1),AST-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)≥0.45(+1),and APRI<0.45(-1).The AUROC was 0.84(95%CI:0.80-0.89),indicating good discrimination of HCV/HIV coinfection and HIV mono-infection.The CPS result≥0 best fits the test-threshold(negative predictive value:99.2%,95%CI:98.8-99.6).Applying this threshold,30%(n=926)would be tested.Sixteen coinfections(15%)would have been missed,none with advanced fibrosis.CONCLUSION The CPS performed well in the derivation cohort,and bears potential for other contexts of low-to-intermediate prevalence and little onward risk of transmission(i.e.cohorts without major risk factors as injecting drug use,men having sex with men),and where available resources do not allow to test all HIV patients as recommended by WHO.However,the score requires external validation in other patient cohorts before any wider use can be considered.

The Discourse Practice of the White Papers on Human Rights and Their Sociocultural Function: 1991-2021

2021 marks the 30;anniversary of China’s first white paper on human rights.Textual sorting and discourse analysis of the white papers over the years since then reveals how China’s expression of“human rights”demonstrates its endogenous power and sense of autonomy in human rights development.As a discourse practice,the white papers on human rights have gradually refined the rights to subsistence and development,expanded and expressed social rights,responded to the real needs of society,and charted the progress in the legal protection of human rights.The white paper on human rights is the official text for understanding China’s human rights cause,as it proceeds from a“practical”perspective to give full play to the social and cultural functions of subject identity,concept cultivation,and communication media and unleash the potential power of multiculturalism,thus laying a solid foundation for enhancing the discourse power of domestic and international human rights.

Human Settlement Analysis Based on Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Data： A Case Study of Xuzhou City, China

To evaluate urban human settlement, we propose a human settlement environment development index(HSEDI) model by choosing vegetation coverage, land surface temperature, impervious surfaces, slope, wetness, and water condition as the evaluation factors. We applied the proposed model to Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper(TM) images from 1998 to 2010 and digital elevation model(DEM) data with a 30-m resolution were used to calculate the values of the six evaluation factors. The HSEDI value in Xuzhou City was found to be between 2.24 and 8.10 from 1998 to 2010, and it was further divided into five levels, uninhabitable, moderately uninhabitable, generally inhabitable, moderately inhabitable, and inhabitable. The best HSEDI value was in 2007. The generally inhabitable region was about 100.98 km^2, covering 30.87% of the total area in 2007; the moderately inhabitable region was about 170.58 km2 covering 52.15% of the total area; the inhabitable region was about 32.03 km^2, covering 9.79% of the total area; the percentage of the uninhabitable region was zero; and that of the moderately uninhabitable region was very small, less than 1.00%. Moreover, we analyzed the habitability in the respect of spatial patterns and change detection. Results show that the degraded regions of habitability quality are mainly located in the urban fringe and the improved regions are mainly located in the main urban and rural areas. Reason for the degraded habitability quality is the rapid progress of urbanization. However, the increase in urban green spaces and the construction of the main urban area promoted the improved habitability quality. Besides, we further analyzed socio-economic and socio-demographic data to confirm the results of the habitability analysis. The results indicate that the human settlement in Xuzhou City is in a satisfactory condition, but some efforts should be made to control the possible uninhabitable and moderately uninhabitable regions, and to improve the quality of the generally inhabitable regions.

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids:Current progress and challenges

Human pluripotent stem cell(hPSC)-derived kidney organoids share similarities with the fetal kidney.However,the current hPSC-derived kidney organoids have some limitations,including the inability to perform nephrogenesis and lack of a corticomedullary definition,uniform vascular system,and coordinated exit path-way for urinary filtrate.Therefore,further studies are required to produce hPSC-derived kidney organoids that accurately mimic human kidneys to facilitate research on kidney development,regeneration,disease modeling,and drug screening.In this review,we discussed recent advances in the generation of hPSC-derived kidney organoids,how these organoids contribute to the understanding of human kidney development and research in disease modeling.Additionally,the limitations,future research focus,and applications of hPSC-derived kidney organoids were highlighted.

Information Models for Forecasting Nonlinear Economic Dynamics in the Digital Era

The aim of this study was to develop an adequate mathematical model for long-term forecasting of technological progress and economic growth in the digital age (2020-2050). In addition, the task was to develop a model for forecast calculations of labor productivity in the symbiosis of “man + intelligent machine”, where an intelligent machine (IM) is understood as a computer or robot equipped with elements of artificial intelligence (AI), as well as in the digital economy as a whole. In the course of the study, it was shown that in order to implement its goals the Schumpeter-Kondratiev innovation and cycle theory on forming long waves (LW) of economic development influenced by a powerful cluster of economic technologies engendered by industrial revolutions is most appropriate for a long-term forecasting of technological progress and economic growth. The Solow neoclassical model of economic growth, synchronized with LW, gives the opportunity to forecast economic dynamics of technologically advanced countries with a greater precision up to 30 years, the time which correlates with the continuation of LW. In the information and digital age, the key role among the main factors of growth (capital, labour and technological progress) is played by the latter. The authors have developed an information model which allows for forecasting technological progress basing on growth rates of endogenous technological information in economics. The main regimes of producing technological information, corresponding to the eras of information and digital economies, are given in the article, as well as the Lagrangians that engender them. The model is verified on the example of the 5th information LW for the US economy (1982-2018) and it has had highly accurate approximation for both technological progress and economic growth. A number of new results were obtained using the developed information models for forecasting technological progress. The forecasting trajectory of economic growth of developed countries (on the example of the USA) on the upward stage of the 6th LW (2018-2042), engendered by the digital technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution is given. It is also demonstrated that the symbiosis of human and intelligent machine (IM) is the driving force in the digital economy, where man plays the leading role organizing effective and efficient mutual work. Authors suggest a mathematical model for calculating labour productivity in the digital economy, where the symbiosis of “human + IM” is widely used. The calculations carried out with the help of the model show: 1) the symbiosis of “human + IM” from the very beginning lets to realize the possibilities of increasing work performance in the economy with the help of digital technologies;2) the largest labour productivity is achieved in the symbiosis of “human + IM”, where man labour prevails, and the lowest labour productivity is seen where the largest part of the work is performed by IM;3) developed countries may achieve labour productivity of 3% per year by the mid-2020s, which has all the chances to stay up to the 2040s.

Uncovering the coupling effect with energy-related carbon emissions and human development variety in Chinese provinces

Lessening energy-related carbon emissions has become a crucial measure to achieve Chinese carbon neutrality.This study is the first to construct a Difference in Carbon pressures-adjusted Human Development Index(DCHDI)model for the purpose of exploring the coupling effect between carbon emissions and human development variety from 2000 to 2019 in Chinese provinces.We demonstrate the following.(1)The total energy-related carbon footprint of 30 provinces in China reached 10.2 billion tons in 2019,with an average annual growth rate of 6.93% over the past two decades;and the provinces with the highest carbon emissions per capita are InnerMongolia,Ningxia,and Shanxi.(2)At the provincial level,we observed that the Human Development Index(HDI),which includes life expectancy,education,and income,has been rising,while Beijing,Shanghai,and Tianjin entered the super-high HDI level before 2008.(3)The entire coupling effect of 30 Chinese provinces has been broadly fortified in the last 20 years,but the growth rate of DCHDI values in 2011-2019 has slowed down compared with that in 2000-2010;the clustering phenomenon demonstrated that this discovery is associated with historical peaks in total carbon emissions.(4)The co-ordination degree of carbon emissions per capita and HDI was verified,and 96% of the data points were found in the range of super high coupling coordination degree.Overall,this study provides the government with worthwhile guidance for decision-making and carbon reduction strategies for other countries struggling to advance human sustainable development.

数字人文时代下档案开发利用的新模式与新路径探索

档案作为承载和凝结人类社会历史记忆与文化遗产的优质载体,在数字人文理念和研究方法的驱动下,档案开发利用的创新转型迎来新机遇。在识别与分析数字人文环境下档案资源开发利用新需求与新特点的基础上,提炼档案开发利用模式创新的新思路,探索推动档案开发利用变革的新路径。在数字人文时代,档案开发利用呈现数字化和语义化的资源深加工、知识图谱驱动的语义关联组织、虚实融合的情境化呈现、众创众包的社会协同利用等新模式。推动档案开发利用变革与转型,需要从构建数据基础设施、建立跨学科研究服务团队、深度运用前沿数智技术、拓展虚实融合服务空间、打造“档案+数字人文”品牌等方面统筹谋划、协同发力。未来,档案工作要以开放创新的视野,积极投身数字人文实践,在传承优秀传统文化、服务经济社会发展中彰显档案新价值。

中国“一带一路”倡议的包容性开放效应——基于“一带一路”沿线国家HDI指数的经验分析

与以往发达国家主导和推动的经济全球化不同,中国“一带一路”倡议由于秉持着人类命运共同体先进理念,不仅为更多发展中国家融入全球价值链分工提供了更多机会,而且力图改善其分工地位,从而推动经济全球化朝着更加具有包容性开放的方向发展,让开放发展的成果能够更多地惠及世界各国尤其是其他发展中国家。在理论分析基础上,以人类发展指数(HDI)作为包容性开放效应的表征变量,基于2010—2019年ADBMRIO数据库中60个国家的经验数据,采用双重差分模型进行实证分析及稳健性检验,分析“一带一路”倡议的包容性开放效应。结果表明,“一带一路”倡议显著促进了沿线国家HDI提升,表现出较好的包容性开放特征,并且上述效应主要通过提升沿线国家全球价值链参与度和改善分工地位2个作用机制产生,理论假说得到了较好的逻辑一致性计量检验结果。据此可见,秉持人类命运共同体先进理念的“一带一路”倡议,不仅有着坚实的理论基础,而且实践经验证明中国已经走在推动包容性开放道路上,包容性开放效应在“一带一路”沿线国家初步显现。

基于SolidWorks的钢丝绳参数化建模系统

针对空间结构复杂的钢丝绳,设计和建模过程较繁琐的问题,对SolidWorks进行二次开发,实现钢丝绳快速参数化建模。该方法首先对特定型号钢丝绳参数方程和扫掠所需法平面圆进行计算,对计算结果进行编程化处理,基于Visual Studio编程平台,利用VB.net语言和对应API函数,实现钢丝绳快速参数化建模。以弯曲状6×7+IWS钢丝绳为例,对钢丝法平面圆的参数方程推导过程进行了详细介绍,一键绘制了弯曲状6×7+IWS钢丝绳模型,对所建模型进行有限元分析,验证所得此建模方法所建模型精确可靠,可提高钢丝绳建模效率,具有一定实用性。

双元创新驱动的中小企业人力资源共享服务模式研究

新发展理念是实现我国经济高质量发展的指导思想,中小企业作为国民经济和社会发展的重要力量,其管理模式的创新和发展至关重要。为了促进中小企业人力资源共享服务模式转变,文章采用文献分析法和系统分析法,分析中小企业人力资源管理转型过程中存在的问题,基于双元创新驱动角度对中小企业人力资源共享服务模式转变给出建议,有效解决中小企业在人力资源共享服务模式转型中存在的问题,为我国中小企业共享发展提供助力。

平行药物系统:基于大语言模型和三类人的框架与方法

近年来,随着物联网、大语言模型、多模态交互等新一代人工智能技术的迅猛发展,传统的药物研发、生产加工等过程面临着智能化转型的挑战。为此,以平行智能为理念,基于ACP方法和大语言模型提出了虚实交互的平行药物系统,并将三类人(数字人、机器人和生物人)的概念引入系统中,详细阐述了该系统的理论框架与构建方法。平行药物系统涵盖医药产业的全流程,药物研发阶段考虑了药物发现、实验室研究、临床试验等过程;药物生产加工阶段考虑了制药工厂运行、系统分析预测等方面;药物医疗保健阶段考虑了个性化用药咨询、增强现实用药指导、隐私安全等内容。平行药物系统打造了一个数字化的“药物空间”,旨在建立药物系统的新范式,推动智能化药物的革命。

ChatGPT类智能工具对我国高等教育的冲击及其应对

人工智能与高等教育结合是社会发展的必然趋势,利用人工智能推动高等教育革新是高等教育发展的必然结果。Chat GPT在全世界的现象级“出圈”以及展现出来的强大功能,鲜明地突显了其在高等教育领域的价值。对高校智能化建设、课堂教学、教师创造性激发以及大学生素养提升带来便捷。然而,Chat GPT的兴起也使技术主义在高等教育中进一步蔓延,对高校师生的价值观念、高校科研创新、教育伦理、教师的职业素养和大学生的学习提出了挑战。如何对待Chat GPT类智能工具成为当前亟需研究的一项课题,通过加快自主研发,完善顶层设计;加强网络空间治理,构筑良好网络环境;强化师生数字素养,共建和谐共生的人机协同模式;坚持立德树人,恪守育人本位,能够积极应对Chat GPT类智能工具对高等教育的冲击。

藏东南人居环境高质量发展模式及其实现路径

基于人居环境问卷调查结果与地区发展政策,分析了当前藏东南人居环境建设存在的问题瓶颈与发展需求,构建人居环境高质量发展框架,从健康、经济、社会、生态与基础设施建设5个方面,提出了以下藏东南人居环境高质量发展实现路径:1)林芝政府政策高位推进,同时遵循市场导向进行政策修改;2)规划健康环境布局,提高健康安全素养;3)合理规划生态空间资源,实现发展可持续、高质量;4)实现基础设施现代化,推进城市文化竞争力建设;5)增大社会政策覆盖力度,增强区域对外开放包容性;6)调整藏东南生态红线,着力建设本土特色产业发展.研究从人居软环境与物质环境有机结合、协调发展的理念出发提出高质量发展路径,以期为藏东南乃至青藏高原进一步改善居住条件、实现人与自然和谐共生提供科学参考与政策建议.

人力资本配置对区域经济绿色发展的影响

【目的】人力资本合理配置已成为实现区域经济绿色协调、快速增长的源泉和根本动力。分析区域经济绿色发展现状,探索改进人力资本配置扭曲的方法,以求发挥人力资本的最大效力,实现经济绿色高质量发展。【方法】通过构建投入产出指标体系,运用非角度、非径向的SBM模型和Malmquist-Luenberger指数测度2000—2021年我国各省(区、市)域经济绿色发展水平,在此基础上,运用动态面板模型和系统GMM估计方法考察人力资本配置与区域经济绿色发展的关系。【结果】1)考察期内我国区域经济绿色发展呈现出时空差异特征,时间演化方面,2000—2021年区域经济绿色发展存在无效率状态,表现为先降后升的向好态势,空间上则呈现出以东部沿海地区为主导的特征。2)人力资本配置扭曲对区域经济绿色发展有显著负向影响,错配程度越高,其对于区域经济绿色发展的抑制作用越强,且该抑制效应在市场竞争激烈的区域更加显著。3)人力资本配置扭曲通过抑制地区绿色技术创新负向作用于区域经济绿色发展。【结论】对策建议如下:1)消除人力资本流动壁垒,加快要素市场结构性改革;2)因地制宜采取措施,促进人力资本与区域发展匹配;3)引导人力资本要素流向绿色技术创新活动,最大限度发挥创新效应。研究结论可为改善我国各省(区、市)人力资本配置扭曲、促进区域经济绿色发展提供理论依据和实践支持。

Thermal comfort models and their developments:A review

In the past several years,thermal comfort,especially development and application of thermal comfort model,has been a research focus of building environment.Since the 1970s,a series of thermal comfort models based on people’s thermal sensation to environment have been established,and gradually became an important part of the field of thermal comfort research.In this review,the existing thermal comfort models are summarized from various perspectives,such as models applied in different environments like sleeping environment and outdoor environment.Besides,models used for different groups people,such as elderly and different races are discussed.In the part,adaptive models are mentioned.In additions,data-driven models were reviewed.This paper introduced the advantages and disadvantages of each model.Based on the above review,future research work of thermal comfort model is proposed.

人类早期胚胎发育体外模型研究进展

人类早期胚胎发育阶段对于胎儿的健康出生至关重要。然而,由于伦理和技术的限制,人类早期胚胎发育的具体调控机制仍未完全解密。除了人类胚胎体外培养技术以外,以干细胞为基础模拟人类真实胚胎结构的体外模型被构建出来,被称为“类胚胎/胚胎模型”。通常人类胚胎模型可大致分为两类:非整合型和整合型胚胎模型。整合型胚胎模型通常包含胚内和胚外细胞类型并具有发育成完整胎儿的潜力,而非整合型胚胎模型则不包含任何相关的胚外组织。本文系统总结了人类体外非整合型和整合型胚胎模型的最新研究进展,探讨了有关国际干细胞研究的伦理政策,并简要阐述了人类胚胎模型潜在的应用前景和未来机遇。以期为研究人类早期胚胎发育过程中不同细胞谱系的特化轨迹,以及早期胚胎发育缺陷等重大疾病的临床药物筛选和再生医学提供新的研究思路。

城镇开发边界划定智慧技术集成研究——基于人居环境科学视角

城镇开发边界是空间增长底线的管控工具,与人类活动和人居环境建设密切相关。科学划定城镇开发边界需要人居环境科学和智慧技术有机结合。现有对城镇开发边界划定技术背后的理论支撑研究不足,对人居环境全系统尤其是人的因素关注不够,同时各类技术探索相对碎片化,缺乏对边界划定全流程技术的整合与集成应用。本文以人居环境科学为理论内核,从人的需求、人居环境的系统性和复杂性出发,提出系统耦合“双评价”、系统动力学模型、城镇开发潜力评价模型及多情景地理模拟等关键技术的城镇开发边界划定的智慧技术集成框架,科学支撑城镇发展需求预测、国土空间格局研判和城镇用地布局调控,为城镇开发边界划定和国土空间格局优化提供有益借鉴。